高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之推理判断题讲义

推断题一、题型分析1、分类:推理判断题高级的细节题或隐藏的主旨题观点态度题积极的支持的赞同的消极的否定的批评的客观的中立的写作目的题文章或者某段某部分写出来的目的用意企图是什么文章出处题文章可能来自哪里比如报纸或哪个板块杂志纪录片题干标志词：infer/learnabout/imply/suggest/conclude/indicate...或者没有标志词解题策略：第一：立足原文，只推一步（高度忠实于原文选项不能是对于原文的简单重复，也不能过度推断）换词改写不能照抄原文紧扣主旨不能脱离误区：①主观臆断，肆意揣测防止以自己的观点代替作者的观点，以自己的经验、态度、喜好去判定②由文中其他事实或证据推出结论，并非由主干向观众证据所得第二：仔细分析题干和选项提供的信息，准确定位原文，研读线索信息第三：除非文中明确给出否则选项中一般不可以出现绝对的词语或概念（always，never，absolutely等）分类解析第一类表面上为推断题实际上是高配版的细节题第1篇Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'semailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.The'ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner."[2016全国III卷D篇]WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They'resociallyinactive.В.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.首先分析题干infer这是个推断题而后面的大写人名DebbieDowner可以帮助我们快速定位回原文然后往前看你会发现有个but这显然转折之后就是关键信息，也是答案来源Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.时间状语从句主谓状语宾从主谓宾伴随状语宾主谓介定宾But后面是个时间状语从句我们重点分析主句信息youcarealotmorehowtheyreact那么care感情色彩是积极正面的而DebbieDowner这样人显然与care相反A中提到社交上事情文中并没有偏离主题风马牛不相及B中good虽然属于积极一面，但文中也没有提到他们的擅长优点C中in是否定前缀ate是形容词后缀含义为充满...的那么inconsiderate就是不考虑也就是不关心和care正相反D中careful是care形容词感情色彩一致并且文中没有说关心的是言词解这题一是要定位准确二是要理清其中逻辑关系和感情色彩第2篇Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时状)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear",saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies(物种).It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—lthinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtoeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecofriendly.2.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?{2020全国II卷C篇}A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.It'straditional.根据题干定位词地名和人名可以快速定位到文中Morgansays....inNewYork这句话这就是答案来源地句中破折号后面Ithink...这句话是对前句的解释说明那么显然前句才是关键信息句Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem目的状语（不定式短语）同位语从句不定式间宾定语直宾主谓宾（省to的不定式做can宾语）Without伴随状语定宾（动名词短语）动名词宾状语（介短）介+宾不定式表将来说明Morgansays的是将来期待的事情与现状是相反的既然将来是期待穿皮草不被丢油漆那么现状就是穿了会被丢尤其另外从后面破折号解释时用的begoingto也说明是将来的事而不是现状答案就显而易见了穿皮草会被泼油漆显然是危险的解这题一是要定位准确二是要理清其中逻辑关系和时间线第3篇Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(疙瘩的)Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.[2016全国II卷C篇]WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety,В.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.根据题干定位词Decio定位到itcanbequiet...bytheRoans这句话其中suchasDecio说明后面是对前面的举例说明那么前面句子就是关键信息itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence形主谓状宾（不定式短语）主语（不定式短语）不定式宾定语（介宾）介定宾状语定语（介短）介宾调整语序toseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistencecanbequiteaneyeopener看到classicalapples（suchasDecio）是相当开眼界说明这些苹果并不常见才会让你大开眼界那么这时候答案就很明显了另外也可用排除法classical和DeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans过去时都说明很早就被罗马人种植的传统苹果自然并不是什么新品种故排除AAlthoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(疙瘩的)Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse主系表主系表定比较状语这段话很有迷惑性很多考生都栽在这里，其实as前后是不同的两句话，as前面一句在说的是Decio而后面说的是Cat'sHead另外一种苹果这里的as引导的定语从句修饰Cat'sHead说明其knobbly的特征后面which引导定语从句修饰Cat'sHead进一步收说明其新奇性故可排除BD选项与原文itdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial相反直接排除解这题一是要定位准确二是要理清其中逻辑关系第4篇Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whenthepopulationoftheworldwashuntergatherers,small,closelyconnectedgroupsdevelopedtheirownspeechdifferentfromeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theyweredevelopingveryfast.В.Theyweresimilartoeachother.C.Theywerelargeinnumber.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.根据题干定位词可定位到Whenthepopulationoftheworldwashuntergatherers,small,closelyconnectedgroupsdevelopedtheirownspeechdifferentfromeachother.这是一个时间状语从句着重分析主句small,closelyconnectedgroupsdevelopedtheirownspeechdifferentfromeachother定状定主谓定定宾定定（介短）A可以排除文中没有说语言发展很快B中similiar显然与different相反C既然每个小groups都可以发展出自己的语言那么可以推断出语言数量很多D文中说groups是closely而非语言这属于偷换概念当然如果不能直接推断出来也可以留意一下定位句的上一句和下一句，去看看有没有相关的人物观点或事件结论（人观事论）来进行解释说明那么下一句Somelanguageexpertsbelieve....中12,000languages也能说明数量很多解这题一是要定位准确二是要理清其中逻辑关系正误选项特征1、正确选项会有以下两种形式：①信息改写也就是正确选项会对原文进行改写，改写的方式包含以下三种，有时候这几种情况同时出现：同义词替换、前后语序调整、词性改写。（不出现表实绝对概念的单词，如:absolutely,never,all,only等词。多用留有余地的单词:may,might,could,possibly,probably,often,usually,sometimes,等）②信息概括这种相对较难，正确选项是对原文的概括总结或者正话反说。一般是针对回文定位到几句或者一整段的题。2、错误选项类型如下：无中生有：原文找不到相匹配对象以偏概全：原文和选项的范围不一致偷换概念：原文和选项的对象不一致答非所问：选项信息本身正确，但和题目无关正反混淆：原文和选项信息方向相反因果颠倒：原因和结果互换位置东拼西凑：在原文截取不同句子的部分信息进行拼凑第二类表面上为推断题实际上主旨题第5篇While:famnousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(САA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampusoftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbytheplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurvesofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(J).Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid.ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,hesaid.'Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbebined,withpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.[2018全国II卷C篇]WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.SpreadthemtotheworldВ.Keepthematmuseums.C.TeachtheminuniversitiesD.Recreatetheminpractice.根据题干中的Wang我们会发现文章中很多地方都出现Wang让人无从下手那么我们就要去找关键信息因为出题肯定在关键信息处要求我们必须具备从文字海洋中跳出来高瞻远瞩，练就一眼识破关键信息的火眼金睛，增强对关键信息的敏感度八大关键信息出处分布情况①首尾段及首尾句首尾段及其余各段首尾句（个别会在第二句或最后一句）②因果转折but,yet,however,though,instead,still,infact,asamatteroffact...because,as,for,since,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,resultin,thanksto,so,thus,therefore,consequently,cause,leadto,contributeto...,now③正反对比unlike,bycontrast,inparison,beparedwith,however,unfortunately,now④人观事论Dr.xxsay,..thereportsuggeststhat...thestudyshowsthat....⑤事例前后forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,具体数据...⑥特殊标点:解释或总结——解释或补充说明?设问看答案;反问看本身⑦修饰修辞重复、倒装句、强调句...⑧特殊句式那么我们可以直接抓住以下三句话Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,hesaid.主状谓宾定从1定从2Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbebined,withpractice主定谓伴随状语Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid主定系表1表2概括大意：传统本身也意味着一直在发展和创造中并与实践并行否则这种传统的再创造就是虚假的空洞的WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.SpreadthemtotheworldВ.Keepthematmuseums.C.TeachtheminuniversitiesD.Recreatetheminpractice.这样可以直接选择D出题者采用的是变换词性方式设定正确答案本题考的其实是一个专家的观点：如何对待传统也就是本文的主旨主旨来自于：主旨段主旨句主题词或者高度概括第6篇Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifyingvoiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,"MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.Whatl'mhopingtoacplishisthatmugenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.lt'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital."Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost."Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,"saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,"saysMoran.Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotionlie?Arewe,asabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,"saysMoran,SoIwanttocontinuethosedialogue.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.[2017全国I卷C篇]8.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.题干中人物Moran依然在很多地方出现还是要抓关键信息because出现句子前后就是我们要重点关注的信息Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,"saysMoran.Moran认为jazz必须继续前行因为世界在变化那么只有C选项贴合也可用排除法A说jazz逐渐消失显然与Moran观点相反属于正反混淆这道题很有迷惑性原文中第一段提到intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder这是个事实但题干提问的是根据Moran观点可以得出什么而不是提问根据这一事实可以得出什么B其实选项也可以进行定位我们根据blackandwhite可以定位到jazzisnotblackandwriteanymore显然也是属于正反混淆D根据选项定位到Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958显然1908或1958并不代表50年就会有一次变化属于无中生有如果你是初中水平读不懂文章想用排除法除了可以用题干定位也可结合使用选项定位提高效率第7篇Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandlanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscangetthesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedtooverhear"thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Theworldischangingfasterthanever.PeoplehavestrongersensesthanbeforeTheworldismoreplexthanitseemsPeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative回到最后一段，基本这一段没有阅读难度，大意都能读出来，再研究选项会发现AC主语是theworld而BD主语是people显然我们可以直接排除people因为文中根本没有说people怎么样其中B与原文Oursensesareweak相反；D的peopleimaginative与原文的CharlesDarwinimagined属于任意扩大范围偷换概念那么AC哪个贴合主旨？A是世界变化更快C选项是世界比看起来复杂根据人观事论最后一段主要说的是达尔文的观点，达尔文认为世界比人们感知到的更加farbusier,noisierandmoreintimate高度表达了文章的主旨答案显而易见了C才对其实我们也可以从各段首尾句或第二句也可以判断出C对因为D原文根本就没有提到而是在讲植物受到攻击后的反应及与周边的交流并且这种交流是怎样的做了很多研究的科学家也不知道所以那些结论性的观点性的更加贴合主旨的选项才是正确答案总之越是抽象复杂的问题无法定位无从下手的问题越要紧扣主旨来做解题任何题型都要捋清文章行文脉络结构抓住关键信息和紧扣主旨因为主旨统摄全文第三类：作者观点和态度题做此类题时注意:1、学会判断作者的措辞，弄清楚作者的情感态度，是褒是贬，还是中立。所以我们要关注与作者相关的形容词、副词和例子。2、记住询问语气态度的题的选项里，常出现的褒义词有:useful,interesting,enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring（令人钦佩的）positive(积极的)，satisfied,friendly,optimistic(乐观的)等。3、记住询问语气态度的题的选项里，常出现的中性词有:Indifferent（一般的，冷淡的)，concerned关心的，humorous,ambiguous(模棱两可的)，neutral(中立的)，objective(客观的)，matteroffact(实事求是的)，cautious(谨慎的)，uninterested,unconcerned4、记住询问语气态度的题的选项里，常出现的贬义词有:disappointed(失望的)，critical(批判的)，negative,hostile(敌对的)，pessimistic(悲观的，ironic(讽刺的)等。第8篇oneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson’sschoolbeingfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11yearoldhadstomachpains,retching(干呕)into8bowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,IheardaboutotherchiIdrenwithstomachacheordifficultsleepingthenightbefore.Whatcausedsomuchpain?Sportsday.SportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighlypetitiveindependentschooI,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.ForthechiIdrenwhocanflyIikethewind,sportsdaycausenoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisnightmare(噩梦).EvenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschooIandtheirparents,itcanproveadisease.Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesspetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames,withafewracesforthosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechiIdrenandalotmorefuntowatch.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssportsday?A.CriticaI.批评的（贬义）B.Neutral.中立的（中性）C.Positive.积极的（褒义）D.Ambiguous.含糊的（中性）定位到最后一段的首句IwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesspetitiveeventIwish直接表明作者的态度abandonedandreplaced表明持有贬义的态度=CriticaIA选项第四类：作者写作目的这时要仔细阅读题干，明确问题考察角度第一个角度：如果考查文章整体的写作目的，就要要看文章的体裁。What‘sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage体裁：记叙文说明文议论文应用文第二个角度：如果考查细节目的类，看文章的定位句及其相关内容(观点结论理论等)。Thewriterusestheexampleof..toshowthat...表达写作目的常用的动词:explain(解释)，introduce(介绍)，sell(出售)，prove(证明),encourage(鼓励)，callon(呼吁)，propose/advise/suggest(建议)，persuade(劝说)，ment(评论),criticize/praise(批评/表扬)，tell(讲述)，analyze(分析)，present(呈现)，show(展示)，attract(吸引),amuse(逗某人笑)，entertain(给...带来娱乐)第9篇Punscanbefunnybuttheysometimesmakeimportantpoints.Here'safashiontip:"skinnygenesmakeskinnyjeans:Sodon'tworryifyourjeansdon'tfit.Lookatyourparents!4.Inthelastparagraph,thatthefashiontipwantstoexpress__A.buyatightfittingjeanscanhelpyoustayinshapeB.YourgenesdecidewhatjeansyouIikeC.it'syourfamily'sfaulttobetoofattoputthejeansonD.jeansconsistofyourdifferentgenesskinnygenesmakeskinnyjeans瘦的基因决定瘦的牛仔裤=基因决定体型和穿着文中冒号：关键信息处对前面双关语进行进一步解释说明A说是紧身牛仔裤决定体型与原文基因决体型穿着相反纯属颠倒是非B很有迷惑性这里的Like偷换了fit这个概念属于偷换概念错误D一是无中生有二是不符合常识C贴合原文第五类：文章出处判断文章出处的题目应从文章的关键词、内容、结构和体裁来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等;广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认;产品说明类文章，如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，药品有服用时间、次数、药量等;来自网络的文章一般比较新颖、时效性强。(1)旅游景点的介绍来自Travelguide/travelbrochure(2)新产品介绍(包括影片、演出、课程、网站等)来自ad/advertisement(3)生活类(比如:健康、教育、时尚、名人、娱乐等)来自maganize/journal（sections）(4)科普和研究报告来自sciencereport/maganize(5)活动介绍来自notice/announcement(6)文章前有时间、城市或通讯社名称一一来自newspaper(7)网络:来自网络的文章文体不限判断标准就是找文中的网络标志语，mouse(鼠标],post(帖子)，twitter,Youtube等。来自website第10篇Asdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisprobIem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboard...WhereisthistextmostIikelyfrom___?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.标志性词汇：说明这一篇科普类文章=杂志第六类：无从判断是什么推理题甚至都无从定位怎么办？依然要遵循抓住重点关键信息+紧扣主旨来解题第9篇1.You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceansbetween4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstoreexaminetheirrelationshiptosingleuseplasticproducts.2.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalledStrawpocalypse,"apairof10foottallplasticwaves,frozenmidcrash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.3.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlyeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.EverystrawthatSpartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.4.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofp