实验3 在交换机上配置VLAN

实验3在交换机上配置VLAN实验目的了解VLAN基本概念;掌握单个交换机中VLAN的创建及管理的方法;了解生成树协议（STP）的原理及作用;掌握交换机上（STP）的设置及诊断。原理概述一个VLAN就是一个交换网，按功能、项目、应用等逻辑关系来管理网络节点，而不必考虑用户的物理位置。VLAN将广播域限制在单个VLAN内部，减少了各VLAN间主机的广播通信对其他VLAN的影响。在VLAN之间需要通信的时候，可以利用VLAN间路由技术来实现。VLAN常常与IP子网相联系，同一IP子网属于同一VLAN。如果交换机组成的网络构成回路，广播信息就会在网络中反复传播，消耗正常的带宽。生成树算法（STP）可以用于发现和避免回路，通过停用构成环路的线路，来防止网络循环的发生。实验内容配置超级终端，使其与交换机通信；配置两个VLAN:VLAN2和VLAN3;测试VLAN划分结果;为两个交换机配置两条链路，形成冗余回路;查看生成树协议运行状态。实验环境CiscoCatalyst2950（一台）及CiscoCatalyst3560（一台），主机两台，连接线缆若干。实验步骤1、配置两个VLAN，5-6---VLAN210-11----VLAN3switch#vlandatabaseswitch(vlan)#vlan2switch(vlan)#vlan3switch(vlan)#exitswitch#conftswitch(config)#interfacefa0/9switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/10switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/5switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3switch(config-if)#exitswitch(config)#intfa0/6switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessswitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3switch(config-if)#^zswitch#showvlan记录结果VLANNameStatusPorts----------------------------------------------------------------------------1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/2,Fa0/7,Fa0/8Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13,Fa0/14Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/1,Gi0/22VLAN0002activeFa0/9,Fa0/103VLAN0003activeFa0/5,Fa0/61002fddi-defaultact/unsup1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup1005trnet-defaultact/unsupVLANTypeSAIDMTUParentRingNoBridgeNoStpBrdgModeTrans1Trans2--------------------------------------------------------------------1enet1000011500-----002enet1000021500-----003enet1000031500-----001002fddi1010021500-----001003tr1010031500-----001004fdnet1010041500---ieee-001005trnet1010051500---ibm-00RemoteSPANVLANs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------More--结果：PCA------PCB是否PING通？2、实验拓扑：验证：PCA------PCB是否PING通？将两台交换机的port3配置成TRUNK口（中继接口）switch#conftswitch(config)#interfacefa0/3switch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkswitch(config-if)#^z(C3560交换机)switch(config)#intfa0/3switch(config-if)#switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1qswitch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkswitch(config-if)#^z结果：PCA------PCB是否PING通？3、将port4连接，并进行与port3同样的配置Switch#showspan记录结果通过上面指令来看看交换机的port4,port3二个端口形成环路时，哪个口是enable的，哪个口是阻断的?Switch#showspanVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeRootIDPriority32769Address0015.f982.df00Cost27Port5(FastEthernet0/3)HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769(priority32768sys-id-ext1)Address0015.f9b1.a280HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime300InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrType------------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/3RootFWD19128.5P2pFa0/4AltnBLK19128.6P2pSwitch#showspanVLAN0001SpanningtreeenabledprotocolieeeRootIDPriority32769Address0015.f982.df00Cost27Port5(FastEthernet0/3)HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secBridgeIDPriority32769(priority32768sys-id-ext1)Address0015.f9b1.a280HelloTime2secMaxAge20secForwardDelay15secAgingTime300InterfaceRoleStsCostPrio.NbrType------------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/3RootFWD19128.5P2pFa0/4AltnBLK19128.6P2p实验报告要求描述VLAN配置过程记录VLAN测试结果记录在环路下交换机数据转发及各端口生成树状态。[思考题]广播帧会在不同的VLAN间转发吗？为什么?人为地为两个交换机配置两条链路，形成冗余回路后，网络仍然连通，没有环路，为什么？Switch>#vlandatabaseSwitch>enableSwitch#vlandatabaseSwitch(vlan)#vlan2VLAN2modified:Switch(vlan)#vlan3VLAN3modified:Switch(vlan)#exitAPPLYcompleted.Switch#conftEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Switch(config)#interfacefa0/9Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#00:52:04:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:04:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:05:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:05:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodownSwitch(config)#00:52:08:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:08:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup00:52:09:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:09:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoupSwitch(config)#conft^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config)#int00:52:43:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:43:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:46:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetodown00:52:46:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetodown00:52:52:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:52:%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup00:52:54:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/4,changedstatetoup00:52:54:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/3,changedstatetoup%Incompletecommand.Switch(config)#intfa0/10Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#intfa0/5Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switch[ortaccessvlan3^%Invalidinputdetectedat'^'marker.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3Switch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#intfa0/6Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan3Switch(config-if)#^ZSwitch#00:57:21:%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleSwitch#showvlanVLANNameStatusPorts----------------------------------------------------------------------------1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/2,Fa0/7,Fa0/8Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13,Fa0/14Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/1,Gi0/22VLAN0002activeFa0/9,Fa0/103VLAN0003activeFa0/5,Fa0/61002fddi-defaultact/unsup1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup1005trnet-defaultact/unsupVLANTypeSAI