2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习学案第一编选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions晨背分钟填词并背记StrangePatentApplicationsIset_aboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigningfromthecourtpersonnel.petentanddynamic,_Ineverfeelpassivewhilediving_intotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidandpracticalaccordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance,somepeopleleavethebeaten_trackandfilestrangeproductswithusnow_and_then,_forexample,lanternthatcanbeattachedonyourforehead,_cubicwalnuts,_refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue,_perfumethatnobodycanbeartosmell,andsoon.Once,amanmadeatrianglehelicopteroutofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse,andneverout_of_order.Iaskedhimtohang_on,_butthisinnocentmanjustrang_offandset_outtoflyfromhiscourtyard.Idialedhisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoring_him_back,_butnevergot_through.MercifulGodblessing,anabruptfreezingrainfallmadehispowderwet.Luckily,thetroublewaswithoutanyextensionexceptthathecrashedintoagreengrocer'smakingalltheripefruitsbeemessyjam.Whenpeopleseizedthiscrazymanwithcautionandsoberedhimbytappinghisface,heplainedaboutthebadweatherinsteadofassociatinghisfailurewithhisunscientificdesign.奇怪的专利申请从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。我工作起来既称职又有活力，我投身于根据新版的申请标准鉴定专利申请的工作，避免无效或不实用的专利出现，在工作过程中我从未感觉到消极没劲。为了突出自己的重要性，时不时就有人违反常规，向我们提交一些奇怪的产品申请，例如固定在前额的信号灯、立方体的胡桃、用稻草和胶水制作的冰箱、没人能受得了的香水等。有一次，有个人用不锈钢丝和绳子制作了一架三角形的直升飞机。他致电给我们，高兴地声称其确实牢固，而且方便使用，从不发生故障。我请他稍等，但这个天真的人挂了就开始从院子里起飞。我拨打他在簿上的号码试图回电给他，却无法接通。仁慈的上帝保佑，一场突然降临的冻雨打湿了他的火药，使他造成的麻烦没有扩大，只是撞入一间水果店，把所有成熟的水果都压成一塌糊涂的果酱。当人们小心地抓住这个失去理智的人，轻轻拍打他的脸使他清醒过来时，他还在抱怨糟糕的坏天气，却没有将他的失败与他不科学的设计联系起来。1．merciful(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless(adj.)残忍的；无情的→mercy(n.)宽大；仁慈2．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.)便利；方便→inconvenient(反义词)(adj.)不方便的；引起麻烦的3．caution(n.)小心；谨慎→cautious(adj.)小心的；谨慎的→cautiously(adv.)小心地；谨慎地4．passive(adj.)被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active(反义词)(adj.)积极的5．criterion(n.)(评判的)标准；尺度→criteria(pl.)标准6．freezing(adj.)冰冻的；严寒的→frozen(adj.)冷冻的；结冰的→freeze(vi.)冰冻；结冰(vt.)使……冻住，使……结冰7．innocent(adj.)清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence(n.)天真；清白8．recognition(n.)认出；认可；承认→recognize(vt.)认出，识别；承认9．occasionally(adv.)偶然地；不时地→occasional(adj.)偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasion(n.)时机，机会；场合10．current(n.)(水或气)流；电流(adj.)现在的；当前的→currently(adv.)现时；当前→currency(n.)通货；货币；流行；通用11．practical(adj.)实际的；实践的；实用的→impractical(反义词)(adj.)不切实际的；不现实的→practise(v.)练习→practice(n.)练习；实践重点知识分钟distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(P20)单句语法填空①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesit________allotherartforms.②TheTownHallpletedinthe1800swasthemost________(distinguish)buildingatthattime.③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave________(distinguish)rightfromwrong.答案：①from②distinguished③distinguishing(1)distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来distinguishbetweenAandB区分A与B(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的expectationn.预料；期待；期望(P21)(1)单句语法填空①ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwere________hisexpectation.②Manystudentsgraduatefromcollegeintheexpectation________theycansoonfindjobsinaccordancewiththeirwishes.③I'mdeterminedtogoallouttoliveuptomyparents'________(expect)．④Ourdefeat________(expect)butitwasdisappointingnevertheless.答案：①beyond②that③expectations④wasexpected(2)一句多译人们怀着憧憬购置房产，期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。①Peoplebuyahouse__________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expectation)②Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expect)答案：①intheexpectationthat②expectingthat(1)beyondexpectation超出预期live_up_toone'sexpectations不辜负某人的期望e_up_to/meetone'sexpectations达到某人的期望intheexpectationthat...期望着……(2)expectvt.&vexpectsth./todosth./that...期望某事/期望做某事/期望……beexpectedtodo...被期望/有望做……expectsb.todo...期望某人做……(3)unexpectedadj.未预料到的bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子)(P24)单句写作①水能载舟，亦能覆舟。Thewaterthat________________isthesamethatswallowsitup.②我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。Ican't____________________theiryouth.③记住：成功来自于努力。________________thatsuccessesfromhardwork.④肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。________________________，shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.答案：①bearstheboat②bearyoungpeoplecastingaway③Bearinmind④Bearingaheavyburden(1)can't_beartodosth./doingsth.不能忍受做某事(2)bear/keepinmindthat...＝bear/keep...inmind记住……(3)bearaheavyburden肩负重担beartheresponsibility/blame承担/负有责任[名师点津](1)bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。(2)bear的过去式和过去分词分别为bore,borne。associatevt.联想；联系n.同事；伙伴(P26)(1)单句语法填空①Ialwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowers________mychildhood.②Weareworkingin________(associate)withanumberoflocalpaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.③Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof________(associate)progresswiththefuture.④Manywords________(associate)withlifeintheWestareSpanishinorigin.答案：①with②association③associating④associated(2)一句多译我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。①Wemusttakethetwoaspectsintoconsideration,________________________thesafetyofthestudents.(定语从句)②Wemusttakethetwoaspectsintoconsideration,________________________thesafetyofthestudents.(独立主格)答案：①bothofwhichareassociatedwith②bothofthemassociatedwith(1)associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事beassociated_with...和……有关associatewithsb.与某人交往或打交道(2)associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in_association_with...与……合伙/合作；与……相联系(3)associatedadj.关联的；联合的callup给……打；使……回忆起(P20)用call相关短语的适当形式填空①Theydecidedto____________adoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.②Thisisaproblemthat____________animmediatesolution.③Theboyonwatchstarted____________whenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadto____________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicture____________mymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.⑥We____________ournewneighbour'slastweek.答案：①callin②callsfor③callingout④calloff⑤calls/calledup⑥calledatgetthrough接通；(设法)做完；通过；度过；熬过；用完(P26)(1)写出下列句中getthrough的含义①Ithinkyoucangetthroughtheexercisesofthefirsttwochapters.________②Icouldn'tgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.________③Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.________④Luckily,hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff.________⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.________答案：①(设法)做完②打通③度过，熬过④通过⑤用完(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空①Weallhopethathecan____________thefreezingwinterandgetbetter.②Hehasneverreally____________thelossofhiswife.③It'stimeyou____________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.④He'snotverygoodat________hisideas________.答案：①getthrough②getover③shouldget/gotdownto④getting;across(1)getacross传达；解释清楚getalong/on_withsb.与某人相处融洽getaway_withsth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚getdown_tosth./doingsth.开始做某事；认真处理某事getover克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来(2)gothrough经历；检查lookthrough浏览；仔细查看livethrough经历(艰难或险境)Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.(P25)(1)单句语法填空①Givemeachance,________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.②Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoue,________wemightbeout.③________(follow)theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.④________(check)mypositionagain,Ifoundsomespellingmistakes.答案：①and②otherwise/orelse/or③Tofollow④Checking(2)一句多译帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。①________________，andIwillbegratefultoyou.(祈使句)②____________________，Iwillbegratefultoyou.(if条件句)答案：①Domeafavour②Ifyoudomeafavour本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”的其他形式为：(1)“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构。(2)“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”结构(名词短语中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词)。(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用orelse或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。[名师点津]此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：(1)Followtheroadroundtotherightandyou'llfindhishouse.(祈使句)(2)Followingtheroadroundtotheright,shefoundhishouse.(分词作状语)课文语法填空分钟Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountrysideonthetelephone,she__1__(learn)thatsnakescamenearthehouseandthatthesnakesseemedtohavemadetheirhomeneartheirhouse.__2__(hear)this,thewriterfeltveryproudandconsidereditachanceforhertodistinguish__3__(she)byinventingsomethingmerciful__4__wouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout__5__(research)thehabitsofsnakesinordertofindtheeasiestway__6__(trap)them.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbe__7__(easy)caught.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.Sheclearlyrealizedthatsheneededtoimproveherdesignagain.Asaresult,shesucceededat__8__thirdattempt.Shewas__9__delightedthatshewasdeterminedtosendher__10__(invent)tothepatentofficetobecameaninventor.However,onlyaftershehashadthatrecognitioncanwesaythatsheistrulyaninventor.Forher,it'samatterofwaitingandhoping.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.learned/learnt2.Hearing3.herself4.that5.researching6.totrap7.easily8.the9.so10.invention▲decidetodo...＝bedeterminedtodo...意为“决定去做……”。▲sothat...与so...that...的区别：sothat多用来引导目的状语从句，相当于inorderthat；而so...that...中，so用来修饰形容词或副词，that从句为结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”▲“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装形式。此处状语包括状语从句、介词短语、副词。需要特别注意的是：“only＋主语”位于句首时不倒装。▲it'samatterof...这是……的问题随堂检测分钟Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hecalledme________totellmeaboutit.答案：up2．Readthisstory,________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.答案：and3．Colour­blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttodistinguish________blueandgreen.答案：between4．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond________(recognize)．答案：recognition5．Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset________preparingyourbusinessplan.答案：about6．Ifyouhavetocatchthefirstbuseveryday,choosethishotel.________isveryconvenientforthestation—it'sonlyatwo­minutewalk.答案：It7．Hecouldn'tbear________(bother)bytheloudnoisefromthestoresandthelightsonthestreet,sohemovedon.答案：beingbothered/tobebothered8．Havingmadetheplan,shesetout________(do)theexperiment.答案：todo9．Sorry,thereisnobodyherewiththatname.Youmust________(dial)thewrongnumber.答案：havedialled10．Thosealways________(associate)moneywithhappinessmayneverfeelhappy,fortheyarenevercontent.答案：associatingⅡ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious;patent)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：David,whowasacautiousandsuccessfulbusinessman,gotapatentforhisnewproduct.2．令他高兴的是这款产品很畅销，但是后来他发现产品没有达到标准。(criteria)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Muchtohisdelight,thisproductsoldwell,butlaterhefoundhisproductdidn'tliveuptothecriteria.3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Hedidn'tloseheartbutseizedeverychancetoimprovetheproduct.4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heexpectedthathisproductcouldbearthetestsofthemarket.5．最终，在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Eventually,itwaswithhiseffortsthatheachievedgreatsuccessandhisinehadastableincrease.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：David,whowasacautiousandsuccessfulbusinessman,gotapaten