【课件】Unit+4Discover+useful+structures+v-ing分词作表语和宾语课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

The-ingformAspredicativeandobjectUnit

4

GrammarReview-ing

时态和语态主动被动一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonev-ing功能分类v-ing形式动名词现在分词主语宾语表语定语定语表语状语宾补Playingwithfireisdangerous.Jimlikesjumpinginmuddypuddles.Herideaisbuildingupanewcompany.Peoplelivingtherearequitefriendly.Hereallyneedsawashingmachine.Theperformancewasreallyamazing.Laughingandtalking,theywentin.Ilovetowatchherperformingonthestage.Review:What’sthefunctionofthe–ingformineachsentence?InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhen

talkingtoanolderperson.(Para2)

Someonewhowitnessesanotherperson

employingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(Para3)

InFrance,aperson

encounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitas

meaningzero.(Para3)

Inmanycountries,

shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,and

noddingmeans“yes”.(Para4)

Perhapsthebestexampleis

smiling.(Para6)

AdverbialObjectcomplementAttribute,ObjectSubjectPredicativeSubject1Object2Predicative3Attribute4Adverbial5Objectcomplement6Reviewoftheusageofthe–ingform-ing

时态和语态主动被动一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonePresentation-ingformaspredicative-ingformasobject-ingformasPredicative（表语）1．表示主语的内容是什么。这时主语和表语位置可以互换。Herjobis

keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.Somestudents’favoriteactivityisdaydreaming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.以上例子中作表语的ing短语起着名词作用2.表示主语具有的特征。Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thefootballmatchwasexciting.以上例子中作表语的ing短语起着形容词作用Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.Ienjoychattingwiththem.YoushouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazil.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.Theoldcouplehavegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.-ingformasObject（宾语）动词后介词后Where?v-ing作宾语Wearethinkingof

(make)anewplanforthenextterm.Hereallyregrets

(waste)toomuchtimeononlinegames?makingwastingv-ing作宾语可分为介词宾语和动词宾语两种-ingformasObject（宾语）只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词介词后熟记相关短语动名词的复合结构VS.及物动词后作宾语含义不同含义相同只能接todo作宾语的动词既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式todo作宾语的动词

作及物动词的宾语只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒险可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允许承认不喜欢(allow,admit,dislike)欣赏错过可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主张完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist,escape,quit)

作及物动词的宾语只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒险可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允许承认不喜欢(allow/permit,admit,dislike)欣赏错过可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主张完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist,escape,quit)区分：只能接todo形式作宾语的动词desiretodosthwishtodosthexpecttodosthclaimtodosthdaretodosthapplytodosthagreetodosthdeterminetodosthdecidetodosthstruggletodosthlearntodosthrefusetodosthdeclinetodosthpromisetodosthattempttodosthpreparetodosthhesitatetodosthbothertodosthpretendtodosthtendtodosth渴望做某事希望做某事期待做某事声称要做某事敢做某事申请做某事同意做某事下定决心做某事决定做某事尽力做某事学会做某事拒绝做某事拒绝做某事承诺做某事试图做某事准备做某事犹豫做某事费心去做某事假装做某事倾向于做某事不定式强调动作尚未发生，将来的动作区分：既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式todo作宾语的动词有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……动词宾语的形式意义goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo(作目的状语)停下来去做某事doing停止做某事区分：既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式todo作宾语的动词need,require,want,demand,request,deserve作“需要”解时，后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别。Yourcompositionneedscorrecting/

tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning

/tobecleaned.(sth.)need/want/require/deserve/request/demanddoing

=tobedone某物需要被做你需要道歉。Youneedtoapologize.作介词宾语（常见短语）insiston坚持putoff推迟beopposedto反对lookforwardto盼望carryon继续payattentionto注意leadto导致bedevotedto致力于getdownto着手做beaddictedto沉迷beusedto习惯于contributeto有助于adjustto适应object

to反对

beequalto胜任动名词的复合结构作宾语名词名词所有格代词宾格形容词性物主代词动名词的复合结构动词-ing形式逻辑主语+=Iapproveofyou/your

tryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.你介意打开窗户吗？你介意我打开窗户吗？你介意Marissa打开窗户吗？WouldyoumindMarissa/Marissa’sopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?注意：当动名词的复合结构做主语时，逻辑主语只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词特别注意有些动词/介词，跟v-ing作宾语，是主动形式表被动意义。如：need,want,require,deserveTheflowersneeds/want/requirewatering.Severalotherpointsdeservementioning.need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedonev-ing作表语动名词作表语多表示抽象性的概念或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。如：

v-ing作表语,分为动名词作表语和现在分词作表语两种情况。Hisfavoritethingisplayingtheguitar.MyjobisteachingEnglish.v-ing作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的性质或特征。往往可译为“令人…的”。Theargumentisveryconvincing.Thedailyroutinewasboring.特别注意现在分词作表语时，系动词除be外，还有appear,sound,look,become,come,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。Whathesayssoundsmoreconvincing．Theproblembegantolookthreateningagain.Theresultseemed

disappointing.特别注意现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或特征；进行时态中的现在分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。Thepresentsituationisencouraging．Thepresentsituationisencouragingustostrideforwardinproduction.现在分词作表语现在进行时PracticeLandingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely

(challenge).Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested

(read)throughournotes.Thiswell-madefilmprovidesforeignaudienceswithafreshwayofbetter

(know)trafficregulations.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedtostopunwantedsoundfrom

(affect)you.Handingoutslicedorangestokidswhoarethirstycanbeas

(excite)aswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.challengingreadingknowingaffectingexcitingPracticeAlicelooksforwardto

(ask)togiveaspeechatthemeeting.Don’tforget

(stop)byPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Hehadtoadmitthatheregretted

(leave)schoolsoyoung.Jointeffortsshouldbemadetoprohibittheriverfrom

(pollute)bythelocalchemicalplants.beingaskedtostopleavingbeingpollutedCompletethesentencesusingthe-ingformandstatetheirfunctions.amuse,teach,breakdown,callon,bow,getthrough,assess1.Bill’sjobis

signlanguage.2.Thethemeofhispresentationis

barriersbetweengroups.3.By

,wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.4.

threekilometresofheavytraffictookmealmost25minutes.5.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup

ProfessorZhang.teachingbreakingdownbowingGettingthroughcallingonP.41Ex.2Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrases.lie,challenge,considerindividualdifferences,maintain,considerthewholepicture,evaluateapatient'scondition Readingbodylanguageisnotaneasytask.Itcanbe

becauseinterpretingthesignsthatanotherpersonshowsrequires

.Inthissense,itcanbecomparedtoadoctor

.

isalsokeytoreadingpeople’sbodylanguageaccurately.Forexample,when

,somepeopleavoideyecontact.Bycontrast,othersmay

eyecontactevenlongerthanusual.challengingconsideringthewholepictureevaluatingapatient’sconditionConsideringindividualdifferenceslyingmaintainP.41Ex.3P.41Ex.4Talkaboutthebodylanguageyoucanreadfromthefollowingpictures.Useatleastone-ingformforeachpicture.①②③Themanenjoyslookingathimselfinthemirror.Thewomanshowsimpatiencebylookingatherwatch.Theboytriestoavoidbeingbittenbythedog.PracticePractice——checkyouranswersBodylanguageisasimportantaswordsincommunication

withotherpeople.Thecrucialfactorisrecognisethefactthatbodylanguagediffersinvariouscultures,butitisalsoimportantto“doinRomeastheRomansdo.”Forexample,showthegesturefor“OK”inmanyculturescanmeaning“money”inJapanor“zero”inFrance.Bycontrast,makesuchagestureinBrazilorGermanycanbeingoffensive.Ofcourse,somebodylanguageissharingbyallcultures.Forinstance,wavedone’shandwhileseeyourfriendoffisliketosay“Good-bye”,andsmileoftengetspeoplethroughdifficultsituations.recognisingshowingmeanmakingbesharedsayingseeingwavingsmilingItwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone______________(build)thenewhospital.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________(correct)them.Thoughitsoundsabittooexpensive,itisworth______________(buy).Sheisverybusy________(write)herpapers.Sheisfartoobusy_________(receive)callers.Onceyouareaddictedto________(smoke),youmayfinditdifficultforyoutoquit.Somethingiswrongwiththecomputeranditrequires_________________(repair).

Iappreciatehis_________(devote)himselftothecauseofagriculture.Shecan’tstand__________(keep)waiting.Healwaysimagine________(find)awalletonthesidewalk.Thelittleboyslippedintotheclassroomwithout__________(notice)bytheteacher.TonyBlairhadstoodfastin___________(back)theUSinitswaragainstterrorism.Peterisangryabout________________(notinvite)totheparty.TheblackpeopleintheUSareopposedto___