专题04Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld（知识讲解高考必考题型练）（原卷版）

专题04必修第三册Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld目录新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用核心单词讲解1.survivaln.生存,存活;残存物,幸存事物(1)survivor n.幸存者survive vt.&vi.幸存,存活;比……活得长(2)AsurviveB(by...)A比B活得长(……)survivesth. (经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存,活下来surviveon 靠……生存下来2.intendvi.&vt.想要;计划;意指(1)intenddoing/todosth.打算去做某事intendsb.todosth. 打算让某人去做某事sb.intend(s)that=Itisintendedthat打算(2)intended adj.预期的,有意的beintendedfor... 为……准备(3)intention n.意图withtheintentionof...怀着……的意图3.referto查阅,参考;提到,谈及,提交;指的是(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……referto...as... 把……称为……(2)reference n.提及;涉及;参考;参考书forreference 以备查阅;以供参考4.limitedadj.有限的(1)belimitedto 限定在……limit...to... 把……限制在……内limitsb.to(doing)sth. 限制某人(做)某事(2)limit n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定setalimitto/on 在……上设定限度Thereisa/nolimitto...……是有/无限度的(to是介词)(3)limitation n.限制,局限(4)limitless adj.无限的5.payoff成功,奏效,达到目的;还清(1)用于payoffsth.或paysth.off结构。通常接account,debt,loan等作宾语。(2)用于sth.payoff结构。通常用effort,hardwork,persistence等作主语。(3)用于paysb.off结构。payfor 支付;为……付出代价payback 偿还6.beneficialadj.有益的;有用的benefit v./n.使受益/好处benefitfrom/by 得益于……,从……中受益toone’sbenefit 对某人有益beofbenefitto=bebeneficialto对……有益处forthebenefitofsb.=forone’sbenefit为了某人的利益7.conductvt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止;传导n.行为(1)conductsb.around... 带某人参观……conductsb.to... 带某人去……conductoneselfwell/badly (行为)表现好/差(2)conduction n.传导conductor n.指挥,售票员8.drawupon/on利用;凭借;依靠,依赖;临近drawnear/close (时间、空间的)临近drawaconclusion(from...)(从……中)得出结论drawone’sattention(to...)吸引某人的注意(到……)drawup 草拟9.speedup(使)加速atfullspeed 以全速attopspeed 以最高速ataspeedof 以……的速度atthespeedoflight/sound 以光速/声速10.surroundvt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关(1)surroundsb./sth.with/by... 使某人/某物被……包围besurroundedby/with 被……包围/环绕(2)surroundingn.周围的事物;环境(通常用复数形式)adj.周围的11.indicatevt.表明;暗示;提及;指出(1)indicatesth.tosb. 向某人示意/指出某事indicatethat... 指示/表明……(2)indication n.暗示;表示;预兆(3)indicator 指示物,标志;指示器12.favo(u)rvt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒(1)askafavorofsb.请某人帮忙/照顾doafavorforsb.=dosb.afavour给某人恩惠,帮某人忙inone’sfavor 对某人有利infavorof 支持,赞同(2)favorite adj.最喜爱的(3)favorable adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的13.chargevt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管(1)incharge(of) 主管;负责;照顾inthechargeof=inone’scharge 由某人负责,由某人管理takechargeof 掌管;负责,看管freeofcharge=forfree 免费(2)chargesb.with(doing)sth.因(做)某事控告某人chargesb.(money)forsth. 向某人索取……的费用14.byaccident偶然;意外地表示“偶然的词语”bychance 偶然;意外地bycoincidence 碰巧happentodosth. 碰巧做某事accidentally adv.意外地;偶然地15.farfrom远非farfrom+n./adj. 离……很远;远离;远非……farfromdoingsth. 决不会做某事farfromit 完全相反;远非如此farfromsatisfactory 远不能令人满意farfromperfect 远非完美16.showoff显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄showsb.around带某人参观showup 暴露,显露;到场,露面showsb.in/out 带某人进来/出去17.involvevt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth. 使某人参与(做)某事;使某人牵扯到某事中involvedoingsth. 包括做某事(2)involved adj.复杂的;有牵连的,有关的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中;热衷于,专心于(3)involvement n.参与;加入;插手18.creditn.赞扬,认可;信用vt.存入金额;把……归于tosb.’scredit 为某人增光;值得赞扬oncredit 赊账creditcard 信用卡get/takecreditfor 因……而得到赞扬,获得荣誉givesb.creditfor 为……而称赞某人19.applyvt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关(1)apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申请某事applysth.to 把……应用于……applytosb./sth. 适用于/运用于……applyoneselfto(doing)sth.集中精力于/专注于(做)某事(2)application n.请求;申请;申请表;应用(3)applicant n.申请人20.ignorancen.无知(1)inignoranceof 对……不知道(2)ignore vt.忽视;对……不予理睬(3)ignorant adj.不了解的;无知的,愚昧的beignorantof 对……不知道,不了解21.takeitforgranted想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然take...seriously 认真对待……oconsideration 把……考虑在内takeiteasy 轻松点takeone’stime 慢慢来,不着急22.permitvt.&vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能n.许可证(1)permitdoingsth. 允许做某事permitsb.todosth. 允许某人做某事iftimepermits 如果时间允许(2)permission n.[U]允许,许可,批准havepermissiontodosth.获得许可做某事withone’spermission/withthepermissionofsb. 在某人的许可/准许下withoutpermission 未经许可23.declarevt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报(1)declaresth./sb.tobe/as 宣布……为……declarethat+从句 宣布/宣称……declarewar(on/against...)(向……)宣战declarethemeetingopen/closed 宣布大会开幕/闭幕(2)declaration n. 声明,宣布;公告,宣言24.putforward提出,提议,建议;推荐;将……提前;将(钟表等)向前拨putaside储存；(把……)撇开不理；不考虑；放下正在做的事；留出put...away 把……收拾好；储存put(...)down (把……)放下；写下；平息(叛乱等)putoff 推迟；除去；消除puton 穿上(衣服)；戴上(帽子等)；上演(戏剧等)putout 伸出(手、脚等)；扑灭putthrough 接通()putup修建；举起；抬起；张贴；(为……)提供食宿；提高(价钱)25.letsb.down使某人失望calm(...)down (使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来set...down 记下;放下;登记getdownto(doing)sth. 开始(做)某事lookdownon/upon 看不起turndown 关小;拒绝settledown 定居;平静下来;专心于edown 下来,降落takedown 记下;卸下diedown 平静下来;逐渐消失cutdown 削减;删节passdown 流传二、重点词块速记1.speedup (使)加速

2.payoff 成功;奏效;达到目的

3.throughtrialanderror 反复试验

4.makeadifference 有影响,有关系

5.aknowledgeof 某一方面的知识

6.dieof 死于7.intendtodo... 想要做……8.referto 参考9.dayandnight 夜以继日10.bebeneficialto 有益于11.byaccident偶然;意外地12.farfrom远非13.letsb.down使某人失望

14.asto 至于,关于

15.takeitforgranted 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然

16.putforward 提出,提议,建议

17.beinvolvedin 包括……中,被卷入……中;涉及……

18.devote...to... 将……奉献给;把……专用于19.turnover 把……翻过来20.thanksto 由于,幸亏21.makeupone’smind 某人下定决心22.turnto 致力于;开始行动三、重点句型剖析1.TuYouyouhasbeethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.(序数词+不定式)屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出了贡献。2.Tu’seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful.(betodo)屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。3.ShepletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiringabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.(现在分词作状语)她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造,获得了广泛的中西医知识。4.Inspiredbyanover1,600yearoldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.(过去分词作状语)受1600多年前记载用冷水制备青蒿提取物的文献启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验方法,并尝试用低温提取,以免损伤青蒿的有效成分。

5.Tospeeduptheprocessandensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.(不定式作状语)为了加快进度并保证其安全性,屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。6.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightninginterestingforyears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.

(find的宾语补足语)故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。7.Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.(beof+n.)科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。8.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.(notonly...also...)当然,如果我们做了好事,不仅归功于科学,还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。8.Withmoreknowledgeesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.(完全倒装)随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘,激励我们更深入地去探究。9.Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobeweledanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallinggenerations.(It’s+n.+todo)作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值;我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕,它值得欢迎和探讨;我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由,这就是我们对后世的义务。10.Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.(takeitforgrantedthat...)如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为,生而有所不知是完全有可能的。、重点句型1.belikelytobe…(教材原句)Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.因为他们没有充足的安全数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。

分析：belikelytodosth.意为“很可能做某事”。belikelytodosth.可以转换成Itis/waslikelythat...。归纳拓展：Itislikely/possible/probablethat...(√)Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.(√)sb./sth.islikelytodosth.(√)sb./sth.ispossible/probabletodosth.(×)likely既可用人又可用物作主语;possible和probable作表语时不能用人或物作主语。2.Itis+形容词+不定式(教材原句)However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.

然而,由于研究资源有限,很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。分析：“Itis+形容词+不定式”结构。其中It是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语。拓展延伸：在“Itis/was+adj.(for/ofsb.)+todosth.”结构中,for前面的形容词通常是difficult,necessary,important,quick,easy等,这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而of前面的形容词常常是wise,kind,stupid,silly,bright,nice,good等,这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。归纳延伸：It作形式主语的常见句型:(1)Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.(2)Itis+adj./n.+that从句(3)Itisnogood/usedoingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的(4)Itis+过去分词+that从句3.find+宾语+宾语补足语Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightninginterestingforyears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.

故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。分析：“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,其中充当宾语补足语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。拓展延伸：在find的复合结构中,我们还常常采用“find+it+形容词/名词+todo”的形式。4.beof+名词Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.

科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。归纳拓展：一览“beof+名词”结构(1)“beof+名词”结构可用来说明主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,quality等,名词前可用different,thesame,a(n)等修饰。(2)beof后可接help,value,use,importance,significance,interest,benefit等抽象名词,用来说明主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义,其意义相当于其同根形容词,这类名词前可用great,much,little,any,some,no等修饰。beofgreatimportance=beveryimportant非常重要beofgreatvalue=beveryvaluable价值很大beofnouse=beuseless/benotuseful没有用处重点语法(动词ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语)一、动词ed形式作定语1.含义(1)大多数动词ed形式作定语时,既表被动又表完成。如:icedbeer冰啤酒,cookedfood熟食。(2)少数及物动词的ed形式只表被动,不表完成。如:spokenEnglish英语口语,writtenEnglish英语书面语。(3)不及物动词的ed形式只表完成,不表被动。如:fallenleaves落叶,aretiredteacher一位退休教师。2.位置(1)前置定语单个动词ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theinjureddriver(=thedriverwhowasinjured)wassenttothehospitalimmediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院。Losttime(=timewhichislost)canneverbefoundagain.虚度的时光无法挽回。(2)后置定语①少数单个动词ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的书是给我的学生的。②动词ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。Iwasborninasmallvillagesurroundedbymountains(=whichissurroundedbymountains).我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄。Idranksomeboiledwater(=waterwhichhadboiled)andcarriedonconductingmyexperiment.我喝了一些白开水后继续做实验。二、动词ed形式作状语多数动词ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成,其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构,在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。Asked(=Whenhewasasked)whetherhecoulddomeafavor,heagreedreadily.当问他是否能帮我一个忙时,他欣然答应了。Written(=Becauseitwaswritten)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。Given(=IfIamgiven)anotherhour,Icanworkoutthistoughproblem.再给我一个小时,我就能解出这道难题。归纳拓展：动词ed形式作状语(1)有些动词ed形式因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。常见的词或短语有seated,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked,confused,annoyed,embarrassed,belostin,bedressedin,bedevotedto,beaddictedto,befacedwith,beused/accustomedto等。Dressedinafancyeveningdress,shewasthestarofthepartythatevening.她穿着华丽的晚礼服,成为那天晚会的明星。Lostinthought,healmostranintoatree.他陷入沉思,差点撞到一棵树上。(2)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while(when/once/until/if/though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如:Thoughwounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。Whenaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.当问他发生了什么事的时候,他低下了头。归纳拓展：独立主格结构动词ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语和句子主语一致。如果ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,则用“名词/代词+动词ed”的独立主格结构。Hershirtcaughtonanail,shecouldnotmove.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。Theboylayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下。三、动词ed形式作宾语补足语1.能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Becauseofthedeadlydisease,theyhadthesurveyconductedonline.由于致命疾病,他们是在网上做的调查。2.可以用动词ed形式作宾语补足语的常见动词(1)动词ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。We’dliketoseetheproblemsettledassoonaspossible.我们希望看到这个问题尽快得到解决。(2)动词ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.我每个月理一次发。归纳拓展：“have+宾语+done”三重意义①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired.她请人把屋子修好了。②遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Hehadthecalculationerrorscorrectedwhilecheckingtheaccounts.核对账目时,他把计算错误更正过来了。(3)动词ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。*Wewanttheactofkindnesspassedon.我们希望这种善举能传递下去。(4)动词ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中。Alltheafternoonheworkedinthehousewiththedoorlocked.整个下午他都锁着门在房子里工作。归纳拓展：动词的ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语则变成主语补足语。Imustgetmybikerepaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语)Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)考点一、核心单词语法填空Ⅰ单词拼写1.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirown(生存).2．Ihad（打算）towatchthefootballmatchlastnight,butIhadanimportantthingtodo.3．Inmyview,highschoolstudentsshouldhaveabalanceddietandeatmorefruitandvegetables,whichcanbe______（有益的）totheirhealth.4．Theguide（引导）usaroundtheruinsoftheancientcity.

5．Ifamomfaces(致命的)threatsonherchild,shewillfightangrily.6.Theastronautsareconductingaseriesof(实验)tolearnmoreabouthowthebodyadaptstoweightlessness.7.Itwasanunpopulardecisionto(推迟)buildingthenewhospital.8.Itisnoteasytodrawaconclusionwithout(足够的)evidence.9.Letmegiveanotherexampleto(阐明)thisdifficultpoint.10．It’smuchmoreconvenienttopayby(信用)cardthanincash.Ⅱ单句语法填空1．（2023上·四川成都·高一成都外国语学校校考阶段练习）Aftertheterribleaccident,hisonlychanceof(survive)wasahearttransplant.2．Thisbook(intend)forthegeneralreadersratherthanthestudents.3．Hemovedtothecountrysidewiththe(intend)ofleadingapeacefullife.4．（2023上·重庆·高一重庆市南华中学校校考阶段练习）Ithinkthesystemwhichtheman(refer)toatthemeetingwasverymodern.5．（2023上·福建泉州·高一福建省泉州市泉港区第一中学校联考阶段练习）Everyonecandosomething(benefit)totheenvironment.6．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy(conduct)inAustraliain2021.7．Thechildrengrewupinbeautiful(surround)butnotinahappyhomeenvironment.8．IrealizedIshouldtrytosurroundmyselfcreativepeople.9．（2023上·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthem(indicate)theirchoicesandreturntoschool.10．Hespokeinatemperatemanner,not(favor)eithersideespecially.11．Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwasinfavor

it.12．Ididn’tunderstandwhythiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedthereservation.13．I’minchargealltheadmissionsofstudentsintheuniversity.14．WhynotconeandenjoytheatmosphereofourfestivalattheverybeginningofDecember?Your(involve)willbewarmlyweled.15．Shehadmanagedtopullherselftogetherand,hercredit,continuedtolookuponlifeasapositiveexperience.16．AllthecaninpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirbeforeMay6th.(apply)17．Shesaidsucharguments(ignore)thequestionofwhereultimateresponsibilitylay.18．WhenIwentthroughtheprocedureagain,Ifoundsomedetails(ignore).19．Theinstitutionwouldonlyconsidersellingworksbylivingartistswiththeir(permit).20．HethathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade,buthisprovedunrealistic.(declare)考点二、重点词块选词填空选词填空（可适当改变形式）letsb.downrefertopayoffbyaccidentdrawonspeedupinfavorofputforwardastothroughtrialanderror1.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithouthisnotes.

2.Ifeverythingabouthimis,ishegoingtoagefaster?

3.Hiseffortswhenthegirlfinallyacceptedhisproposal.

4.IfoundthekeytothedoorwhenIwascleaningtheroom.

5.Thosewhoaretheproject,pleaseraiseyourhands.

6.Heisveryuncertainwhetherit’stherightjobforhim.

7.Jacksomegreatideasatthemeeting,butnoneofthemwereaccepted.

8.Parentshavealsolearnedwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.9.Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists,thewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicine,willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.10.Youmewhenyoudidn’twintheprize.

考点三、重点句型完成句子1.He___________oftheidea.

(序数词+不定式)他是第一个想到这个主意的人。2.thispassageintoEnglish.

(Itis+adj.+todo)把这篇文章翻译成英语很困难。3.Leohurriedthere,onlyto.

(find+宾语+宾语补足语)利奥匆匆赶到那里,结果却发现他们都出去了。4.Asawhole,theprojectwilltotheregion.

(beof+名词)总体来看,这个项目将对该地区大有好处。5.Icaneffectivelywithothers,independently.(notonly…butalso)我不但能与他人有效合作，而且能独立工作。考点四、重点语法单句语法填空1．Thegirl(select)fromthestudentswasveryhardworking.2．Theproject,(design)tohelpthestudentsinneed,didn’tworkoutasplanned.3．Theexhibition(sponsor)byseveralfamouspaniesturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.4．An(estimate)1,600shipspassthroughthestraiteveryyear.5．Don’tworry.I’llhavethearticle(type)andgetsomeonetosendittoyoutomorrow.6．Heoftenhasinformation(download)fromtheInternetandmakesfulluseofit.7．Withhiseyes(focus)ontheblackboard,hedidn’tnoticetheflyingbirdsoutside.8．Thegirllikesreadingbooksofallkindsandhasatop10readinglistandtrytokeepit(update).9．(surround)bymanypeople,thisspokesmanmadeaninspiringspeech.10．（2023上·山东济宁·高一嘉祥县第一中学校考阶段练习）(base)onpersonalexperience,thebookIreadyesterdayishighlythoughtof.11．（2023上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习）(absorb)inherbook,Janedidn’tnoticeaboyslipoutoftheclassroom.12．(bine)withgoodmarketing,technologicalinnovationswillpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.能力提升阅读理解（2023上·江苏·高一校联考阶段练习）StephanieLouiseKwolekwasborninthesmalltownofNewKensington,Pennsylvania,in1923.HerparentswereimmigrantsfromPoland.Stephanie’sschoolwassosmallthattwogradesweretaughtinoneclassroom.Shewasanexcellentreaderwithagreatmemory.Shewasalsoverygoodatmath.Theolderkidsinherclassgotannoyedwhensheknewanswersthattheydidn’t.Stephanie’sloveoflearningcamefromherfather.Everynightwhenhecamehomefromwork,hesatandreadabookornewspaper.HeencouragedStephanietoexplorethegreatoutdoors.Together,theyoftenwalkedinthewoods,collectingleaves,flowers,andseeds.Stephanie’smother,aseamstress(女裁缝),inspiredStephanie’screativity.Shecopiedhermother’spatternstomakecostumesforpaperdolls.Sometimes,sheusedthesewingmachinewhenhermotherwasn’tlooking.Stephanielikedworkingwithfabric(织物),andshewasgoodatit.Shethoughtaboutacareerinfashiondesign.AsStephaniegrewolder,shedecidedshewantedtousesciencetohelppeopleanddecidedtobeeadoctor.Shestudiedchemistryincollege,butwhenshegraduated,shecouldn’taffordtogotothemedicalschool.Instead,shegotajobasachemistattheDuPontpanytoearnhertuitionfees.Thejobwassupposedtobetemporary,butStephaniefellinlovewithitandneverlookedback.HerworkatDuPontbinedherchildhoodloveofscienceandfabricwithherinterestinhelpingpeopleandsolvingproblems,andhercreationswouldchangetheworld.AtDuPont,StephanieinventedKevlarfiber.It’sfivetimesstrongerthansteel.Kevlarfiberisnowusedinmorethan200products,includingspacecraftandbulletproofvest(防弹衣).Stephanie’sinventionhassavedcountlesslives.Shespentherliferesearchingandteachingpeopleaboutherwork,andwasastrongadvocateforwomeninsciencearoundtheworld.1．WhichwordcanbestdescribeStephanieLouiseKwolekasachild?A．Popular. B．Friendly. C．Smart. D．Hardworking.2．WhatdoweknowaboutStephanie’sparents?A．Stephanie’sfatherusedtotakehertofieldtrips.B．Stephanie’smothertaughthertousesewingmachines.C．TheyencouragedStephanietoworkinfashiondesign.D．TheymovedtoPolandtosendStephanietoabetterschool.3．WhydidStephanieworkattheDuPontpanyinthefirstplace?A．Tosavemorepeople’slives. B．Tostudythescienceoffabric.C．Tosolvethepr