北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstand(承受)more.Itwasn’tuntilmuchlaterthatI___1___allthathemeant.Anaccidenthadlefthimina___2___.Whathealwayssaidwhenweseemedunabletocontinuewas“Youcanalwayswithstandmore.”IheadedforcollegeinnorthernNewEngland.ThenIwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.Workingtherewasagreat___3___mebecauseIwasaflatlander(平地居民).Overtheyearsitwasrunningthatsustainedme.ForyearsI’dplannedtowritetoMr.McGarryandthankhimforhis___4___impactonmylife.Buttheincidentsinmydailylife___5___me.Oneday,wordcamethathehaddiedunexpectedly.Yetthesadnews___6___formehisencouragementtodigdeeperwithinourselves.Threeyearsago,caughtina___7___inmylife,IflewtoGreenland.Greenlandwasfacingaseverecrisis:climatechangeisdestroyingtraditionallivelihoodofapopulationso___8___oniceforsurvivalandcommunitieshavetocreateanewwayoflife.IstartedarunonthehillsofGreenland’scapital.Coldrainpatteredonmyarms.That’swhenIwas___9___byanothermoreimportantlessonMr.McGarryhadtaughtme.Irealizedthathewastrainingustochangeourlives,toturnoveranewleaf.Adisastrousinjuryhad____10____himunabletorun,buthemanagedtoinfluenceanothergenerationofrunnersasacoach.1.A.held B.remembered C.grasped D.rejected2.A.nursery B.bed C.car D.wheelchair3.A.bonus B.challenge C.blessing D.gain4.A.positive B.negative C.enthusiastic D.pessimistic5.A.inspired B.arrested C.hired D.stopped6.A.recalled B.reviewed C.reformed D.reflected7.A.stage B.state C.dilemma D.situation8.A.focused B.dependent C.based D.keen9.A.impressed B.cheated C.beaten D.struck10.A.pushed B.found C.left D.proved〖答案〗1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.A7.C8.B9.D10.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的教练McGarry对作者人生的重要影响。【1题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到很久以后，我才完全明白他的意思。A.held举行；B.remembered记得；C.grasped理解；D.rejected拒绝。根据上文“MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstandore.(我的跑步教练McGarry告诉我们，我们总是可以承受的)”此处指作者很久以后才理解教练说的话，应用grasp。故选C。【2题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场事故使他坐在轮椅上。A.nursery托儿所；B.bed床；C.car汽车；D.wheelchair轮椅。根据上文“Anaccidenthadlefthimina”以及选项，可知是事故让他受伤，坐了轮椅。后文“himunabletorun”也是〖提示〗。故选D。【3题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作对我来说是一个巨大的挑战，因为我是一个平地人。A.bonus奖金；B.challenge挑战；C.blessing祝福；D.gain获得。根据上文“ThenIwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.(然后我去了卢旺达工作，那是一个千山之国)”可知，作者去的地方山很多，而作者是生活在平地上的人，所以是巨大的挑战。故选B。【4题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直计划给麦克加里先生写信，感谢他对我生活的“积极”影响。A.positive积极的；B.negative消极的；C.enthusiastic热情的；D.pessimistic悲观的。根据上文“Overtheyearsitwasrunningthatsustainedme.(这么多年来，是跑步支撑着我)”可知，作者写信给教练感谢对自己的积极影响。故选A。【5题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我日常生活中的事件阻止了我。A.inspired鼓舞；B.arrested逮捕；C.hired雇用；D.stopped停止。根据上文“Buttheincidentsinmydailylife”中but表示转折，可推测作者的日常琐事阻止了作者写信。故选D。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个悲伤的消息让我想起了他的鼓励，让我更深入地挖掘自己。A.recalled回想起；B.reviewed复习；C.reformed改革；D.reflected反思。根据后文“formehisencouragement”可知，教练去世的消息让作者想起了他的鼓励。故选A。【7题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：三年前，我陷入了人生的困境，我飞到了格陵兰岛。A.stage阶段；B.state状态；C.dilemma困境；D.situation情况。根据上文“digdeeperwithinourselves”可推测作者是因为遇到了困境，才想去格陵兰岛挖掘自己。故选C。【8题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格陵兰岛正面临着一场严重的危机：气候变化正在摧毁依赖冰生存的人口的传统生计，社区必须创造一种新的生活方式。A.focused集中；B.dependent依赖的；C.based以……为基础的；D.keen渴望的。根据后文“oniceforsurvivalandcommunitieshavetocreateanewwayoflife”可知，之前格陵兰岛的人口依赖冰生存。故选B。【9题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我被麦克加里先生教给我的另一个更重要的教训打动了。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.cheated欺骗；C.beaten打败；D.struck给（某人以…）印象。根据后文“byanothermoreimportantlessonMr.McGarryhadtaughtme.”指被教练的另一个教训打动，故选D。【10题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场灾难性的伤病使他无法跑步，但他作为教练成功地影响了另一代跑步者。A.pushed推；B.found找到；C.left让…处于；D.proved证明。根据后文“himunabletorun”可知，指一场灾难性的伤病使他无法跑步，应用leave+宾语+形容词结构。故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theterm“metaverse”(元宇宙)isthelatestbuzzword(流行词)tocapturethetechindustry’s____11____(imagine)—somuchsothatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatforms,Facebook,ischangingitsnametosignalitsembraceofthefuturisticidea,whichperhapshasbeenthe____12____(big)thingtohappentothemetaversesincesciencefictionwriterNealStephenson____13____(create)thetermforhis1992novelSnowCrash.〖答案〗11.imagination12.biggest13.created【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了元宇宙这一词的由来。【11题详析】考查名词。句意：“元宇宙”一词是捕捉科技行业想象力的最新流行语，以至于最知名的互联网平台之一Facebook正在改名，以表明其对未来概念的接受，这可能是自科幻作家尼尔·斯蒂芬森在1992年的小说《雪崩》中创造这个词以来，超宇宙发生的最大变化。分析句子结构可知，空前是名词所有格，所以空处应填名词形式，imagine的名词形式是imagination。故填imagination。【12题详析】考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词，再由空格前的定冠词the和句意可知，此处应是“最大的”之意，应用最高级。故填biggest。【13题详析】考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，本句是since引导的时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以create作本句谓语，根据时间状语1992，应用一般过去时。故填created。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whenchoosingacareer,youshouldconsideralltheaspectsofajob.Somejobsmayseemdull____14____areimportanttosociety,whileotherscanappearexcitingbutareactuallydifficultandboring.Oneexampleistheso-called“cooljob”ofbeingamodelor____15____actor.Thesepeopleseemtobelivingabetterlifethanothers.Actually,theyhavetomakefargreater____16____(effort)thanordinarypeopleandonlyafewofthemaresuccessful.Meanwhile,thosewhoaresuccessfulandfamoushavetodealwithconstantmediaattention.〖答案〗14.but15.an16.efforts【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了在选择职业时，你应该考虑工作的各个方面。【14题详析】考查连词。句意：有些工作看起来很枯燥，但对社会很重要，而另一些工作看起来很令人兴奋，但实际上却很困难和无聊。根据句意可知，“Somejobsmayseemdull”和“areimportanttosociety”两句是转折关系，应该用but连接。故填but。【15题详析】考查冠词。句意：其中一个例子就是模特或演员这种所谓的“酷工作”。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的amodel并列，所以空处应填不定冠词，actor为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。【16题详析】考查名词。句意：事实上，他们必须付出比普通人更大的努力，只有少数人是成功的。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，effort意为“努力”为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填efforts。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thenumberofadultsworldwide____17____dementia(痴呆症)couldrisefromabout57.4millionin2019to152.8millionby2050,____18____(drive)byfactorslikemidlifeobesity,smokingandsocialisolation,accordingtoastudypublishedThursdaybytheLancet.Whileimprovementsineducationareforecast____19____(reduce)dementiacasesby6.2millionin2050,researcherssaidthiswouldbecanceledoutbytrendsinobesity,highbloodsugarandsmoking,____20____areestimatedtocauseanadditional6.8millioncases,theGuardianreported.〖答案〗17.with18.driven19.toreduce20.which【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了受中年肥胖、吸烟和社会孤立等因素的影响全球患有痴呆症的成年人数量将会大增。【17题详析】考查介词。句意：《柳叶刀》周四发表的一项研究显示，受中年肥胖、吸烟和社会孤立等因素的影响，到2050年，全球患有痴呆症的成年人数量可能会从2019年的约5740万增加到1.528亿。分析句子结构可知，空处表示“患有痴呆症的成年人数量”之意，应用介词with。故填with。【18题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：《柳叶刀》周四发表的一项研究显示，受中年肥胖、吸烟和社会孤立等因素的影响，到2050年，全球患有痴呆症的成年人数量可能会从2019年的约5740万增加到1.528亿。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词couldrise，所以drive应该用非谓语形式，根据后文的by可知，应该用过去分词表被动。故填driven【19题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据《卫报》报道，据预测，到2050年，教育水平的提高将使痴呆症病例减少620万，但研究人员表示，肥胖、高血糖和吸烟的趋势将抵消这一效果，据估计，这些趋势将导致680万例痴呆症病例。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：beforecasttodo意为“预计”。故填toreduce。【20题详析】考查定语从句。句意：据《卫报》报道，据预测，到2050年，教育水平的提高将使痴呆症病例减少620万，但研究人员表示，肥胖、高血糖和吸烟的趋势将抵消这一效果，据估计，这些趋势将导致680万例痴呆症病例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVisitingalibrarymaynotseemfunorinteresting,buttheonesbelowmightbethemostbeautifulandattractivearoundtheglobe.WidenerLibrary,Massachusetts,theUnitedStatesAsHarvard’sflagshiplibrary,theWidenerLibrarywasbuiltin1912.ThelibrarywasnamedafterHarryElkinsWidener,a1907Harvardgraduatewhodonated3,300books,invaluablepaintingsandmoney.Thelengthofshelvesreaches91kilometers.Today,itisknownasa“silentlibrary”,withtwofloorsofquietstudyroomsandfivefloorsofundergroundliteraryresources.BibliotecaJoanina,Coimbra,PortugalTheBibliotecaJoaninawasnamedafteritsfounder,KingJohnVofPortugal,whostartedbuildingthelibraryin1717.Thelibrary,locatedattheUniversityofCoimbra,houses300,000bookcollections.Manyofthebookswereprintedbeforethe1800s.Thelibraryisahugetouristdrawbecauseofitsdecorativedark-woodarchesandshelves.TrinityCollegeOldLibrary,Dublin,IrelandLocatedinthecenterofDublin,theTrinityCollegeOldLibrarywasconstructedin1712.Withitstwostoriesofdark-woodarches,thelibraryisnotonlyoneoftheworld’soldestlibraries,butoneofthemostfamousones.TheLongRoominthelibraryis65meterslong,filledwith200,000booksandsculpturesofgreatwritersassociatedwiththecollege.TianjinBinhaiLibrary,Tianjin,ChinaUnliketheotherlibrariesonourlist,thisoneispracticallynew.AsaculturallandmarkofTianjin,theBinhaiLibraryofficiallyopenedtothepublicin2017.ItsbreathtakingdesignwasdescribedbyTimemagazineasa“ziggurat”andhasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.The33,700square-meterbuildingcanhold1.35millionbooks.Builtinjustfiveyears,ithasbecomeatouristattractionsinceitwasfinished.21.Whatdothefourlibrarieshaveincommon?A.Theareasofthebuildings. B.Thedateswhentheywerebuilt.C.Theadmirationfromthepublic. D.Thenumberofbookcollections.22.Whichlibrarywasbuiltinhonorofauniversitygraduate?A.WidenerLibrary. B.BibliotecaJoanina.C.TrinityCollegeOldLibrary. D.TianjinBinhaiLibrary.23.HowisTianjinBinhaiLibrarydifferentfromtheotherthreelibraries?A.ItwasnamedafterKingofPortugal. B.Itsbooksarebeforethe18thcentury.C.Itisanewonewiththeshortesthistory. D.Ithasaroomwithbooksandsculptures.〖答案〗21.C22.A23.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。向读者介-绍了全球四大知名图书馆。这些图书馆不仅因藏书闻名遐迩，而且其卓越的建筑风格吸引了来自世界各地的游客。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Visitingalibrarymaynotseemfunorinteresting,buttheonesbelowmightbethemostbeautifulandattractivearoundtheglobe.”（参观图书馆可能看起来并不有趣，但下面的图书馆可能是世界上最美丽、最吸引人的）及各图书馆的具体描述可以看出，文中四大图书馆的共同之处在于它们对于游客的强大吸引力。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据WidenerLibrary,Massachusetts,theUnitedStates中“ThelibrarywasnamedafterHarryElkinsWidener,a1907Harvardgraduatewhodonated3,300books,invaluablepaintingsandmoney.”（该图书馆以哈利·埃尔金斯·怀德纳的名字命名，怀德纳是1907年哈佛大学的毕业生，他捐赠了3300本书、无价的画作和金钱）可知，魏德纳图书馆是为了纪念一位大学毕业生而建的。故选A项。【23题详析】细节理解题。据文章对最后一家图书馆TianjinBinhaiLibrary,Tianjin,China中“Unliketheotherlibrariesonourlist,thisoneispracticallynew.AsaculturallandmarkofTianjin,theBinhaiLibraryofficiallyopenedtothepublicin2017.”（与我们列表上的其他图书馆不同，这个图书馆实际上是新的。作为天津的文化地标，滨海图书馆于2017年正式对外开放）可知，天津滨海图书馆是文章中四大图书馆里最新建造的，历史最短。故选C项。BSelenaEvanshadbeendownfordaysbecauseshehadnoideahowtopleasethosetwogirls.Atfirst,ElizabethMoretzjustwouldn’thideherdisdain(鄙视)forher.Aboutamonthago,whenSelenaranintohernearacoffeeshop,shecalledhernamefromafar.However,Elizabethdidn’tshowanykindness;instead,shescoldedher,“Youscaredthehelloutofme”.Toapologize,forseveraldaysinarow,Selenawouldbuysomecoffeeandstandatthedoorofthecafe,waitingforElizabethtocome,andthenpassthecoffeetoherandsayfriendly,“Thisisforyou!”uteverytime,Elizabethwouldlookatherdoubtfullyandthenrejectit.Butonedaybeforeamathclass,Elizabethsatdownrightnexttoherandsaid,Youknow,Ialwaysspeakoutofturnwithoutthinking.Sometimesitmighthurtpeople.Butyou’llrealizeI’magoodpersonsoon.Pleaseforgivemyrudeness.”Thenshepassedheracupofcoffee,“Thisisforyou.”elenacouldn’tbelieveitwashappening.Shetookthecoffeeexcitedly.Butsoonshediscoveredsheshouldn’thavebeenhappylikethatbecausethecoffeewasn’tevenforher.ItwasforSaraCrawford.Saradidn’tshowupthatday,soElizabethgaveittoherinstead.ShouldItrytobeoneofagroupwhereIdon’tbelong?“No,Iwillsparenoeffortstobetheirfriend!”ThenextdaySelenawenttothebakeryandboughtthreeloafsofbread,oneforherself,oneforElizabethandoneforSara.Asshewaswalkingtothecafe,shesawElizabethsittingatanoutdoortableofthecafe,pouringsomewaterfromherthermosintoacoffeecup.Afterthat,sheputthecuplidbackreallyquicklyandthenlookedaroundalertly.Selenapausedalittle,andthencalledherloudlyinthedistance,“Morning!”Followingthesound,ElizabethsawSelena.Sheputthethermosbackintoherpackreallyquicklyandstoodupwiththatcoffeeinherhand.Selenarantoherandpassedheraloafofbread,“Thisisforyou.”“Oh,I…”Elizabethwavedherhand,“Idon’tlikebread.”“Then,whatdoyoulike?”BeforeSelenacouldfinish,Elizabethhadrunawaywiththatcoffee.Selenahadbeenfeelingdownfortwoclasses.Thethirdclasswaslabcourse.ShewenttotheGirls’roombeforethatandwhenshecamebacktothelab,Elizabethwalkedtoherwithacupofcoffee.ShedraggedSelena,shovedthecoffeeintoherhandandturnedaway.24.Whatdidtheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.Selenawasinadilemmawhattodonext.B.Selenawouldcontinuetomakethemhappy.C.Selenafoundthemdifficulttogetalongwith.D.Selenawasdeterminednottomakefriendswiththem.25.WhydidElizabethputthethermosbackintoherpackquicklyonseeingSelena?A.ShewantedtopasscoffeetoSelena.B.Shewantedtoaccepttheloafofbread.C.ShehidfromSelenathefactoffillingthecoffeecupwithwater.D.ShewassoexcitedtoseeSelenathatshewasatalosswhattodo.26.WhatmadeSelenaupsetbeforethelabcourse?A.Elizabethhatedbeingwithher.B.Elizabethdidn’thandherthecoffeeatfirst.C.Shewasconcernedaboutthecominglabcourse.D.Tryasshemight,itseemedhardforhertopleaseElizabeth.〖答案〗24.B25.C26.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了赛琳娜努力讨好其他两个女孩的故事。【24题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“No,Iwillsparenoeffortstobetheirfriend!(不，我会不遗余力地做她们的朋友)”以及第六段“ThenextdaySelenawenttothebakeryandboughtthreeloafsofbread,oneforherself,oneforElizabethandoneforSara.(第二天，赛琳娜去面包店买了三条面包，一条给自己，一条给伊丽莎白，一条给萨拉)”可知，赛琳娜在继续想办法讨好那两个女孩，可知，划线句子表示赛琳娜会继续让她们开心。故选B项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段“Asshewaswalkingtothecafe,shesawElizabethsittingatanoutdoortableofthecafe,pouringsomewaterfromherthermosintoacoffeecup.(当她走向咖啡馆时，她看到伊丽莎白坐在咖啡馆的一张户外桌子旁，从保温瓶里往咖啡杯里倒了些水)”可知，伊丽莎白往咖啡杯里倒了水，所以她一见到赛琳娜就迅速把保温瓶放回背包里是因为她想向赛琳娜隐瞒自己往咖啡杯里倒水这一事实。故选C项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Elizabethwavedherhand,Idon’tlikebread.'(伊丽莎白挥了挥手，“我不喜欢面包。”)”以及倒数第三段“Then,whatdoyoulike?BeforeSelenacouldfinish,Elizabethhadrunawaywiththatcoffee.(“那么，你喜欢什么？”赛琳娜还没来得及说完，伊丽莎白就带着咖啡跑了)”可推知，赛琳娜在实验课之前心烦意乱是因为伊丽莎白拒绝了她的讨好，尽管赛琳娜努力了，但是讨好伊丽莎白很难。故选D项。CDoyouknowthewebsitesthatletyounameastarafteryourbelovedone,yourkidoryourdogforasmallfee?Yeah,thoseareallfake—youcouldpaymeto“name”astarfor$50,andI’lltakeyourmoneyandshowthenameonline.I’llevensendyouafancycertificate!Itseemsthatyou’venamedastar,butitjustdoesn’tcount.Actually,theonlyorganizationthatownsofficialnamingrightsistheInternationalAstronomicalUnion,ortheIAU.Itwasfoundedin1919andbasedinParis,France.Itiswhereastronomersandotherprofessionalshavereachedtheagreementsandistheofficialrecord-keepingbodyforalldiscoveriesinspace.Recentlytheydoopenupanopportunityforthepublictonameadozenofplanetsoutsidethesolarsystem.TheseplanetswillbeamongthefirsttobestudiedwiththeJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.However,theycurrentlyonlyhaveboringandcomplicateddocumentsthatwereusedtofindthem.That’swhytheIAUislookingforsomethingmoreinteresting.Butbeforeyoustartnamingtheplanets,youshouldknowtherules.First,nothingisrudeorannoying.Second,thenameshouldbelessthan16characterslongandpronounceableinatleastonelanguagewithnocommercialorbusinessnamesandnothingisnamedafteralivingindividualorapet.Thecompetition,named“StarsWorlds”,isopennextThursday,January20th.It’sthethirdsuchcontesttheIAUhasheld,andthepurposeistogetthepublicmoreinterestedinscienceaswellastheorganization.ThecompetitionalsohelpstobreakcenturiesofEuropeandominancewhenitcomestonamingthingsinthenightsky.Sopeoplearoundtheworldcansharethejoyofdiscoveryandmaketheirmarkinhistory.27.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bytakinganexample.C.Byofferingasolution. D.Byshowingdifferences.28.WhatcanweknowabouttheIAUfromthepassage?A.ItwasfoundedbyFrance. B.Itstudiesthespacetelescope.C.Itorganizestripstothespace. D.Ithastherighttonamethestars.29.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythecompetitionisheld. B.Howthecompetitiondevelops.C.Whattoexpectinthecompetition. D.Howtotakepartinthecompetition.30.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Anovel. B.Atextbook. C.Adiary. D.Amagazine.〖答案〗27.B28.D29.A30.D【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了拥有行星命名权的官方机构——国际天文学联盟、该机构举办的第三届给星球命名的公众活动及活动规则。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yeah,thoseareallfake—youcouldpaymeto“name”astarfor$50,andI’lltakeyourmoneyandshowthenameonline.I’llevensendyouafancycertificate!Itseemsthatyou’venamedastar,butitjustdoesn’tcount.”（是的，这些都是假的——你可以花50美元给我“命名”一个行星，我会拿着你的钱在网上展示这个名字。我甚至会给你寄一份精美的证书！看起来你已经命名了一颗行星，但这并不算数。）可知，为了让读者对骗子网站的操作一目了然，作者以自己可以随意给行星命名来举例引出本文的主要内容——介绍IAU组织及其给星球命名的活动。故选B项。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Actually,theonlyorganizationthatownsofficialnamingrightsistheInternationalAstronomicalUnion,ortheIAU.Itwasfoundedin1919andbasedinParis,France.Itiswhereastronomersandotherprofessionalshavereachedtheagreementsandistheofficialrecord-keepingbodyforalldiscoveriesinspace.”（事实上，唯一拥有官方命名权的组织是国际天文学联合会，简称IAU。它成立于1919年，总部设在法国巴黎。它是天文学家和其他专业人士达成协议的地方，也是所有太空发现的官方记录保存机构。）可知，从文章中我们可以了解到关于IAU，它有权为星星命名。故选D项。【29题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thecompetition,named“StarsWorlds”,isopennextThursday,January20th.It’sthethirdsuchcontesttheIAUhasheld,andthepurposeistogetthepublicmoreinterestedinscienceaswellastheorganization.ThecompetitionalsohelpstobreakcenturiesofEuropeandominancewhenitcomestonamingthingsinthenightsky.Sopeoplearoundtheworldcansharethejoyofdiscoveryandmaketheirmarkinhistory.”（这场名为“群星世界”的比赛将于1月20日（下周四开）幕。这是国际天文学联合会第三次举办这样的比赛，目的是让公众对科学和该组织更感兴趣。这项竞赛还有助于打破欧洲在夜空天体命名方面几个世纪以来的主导地位。这样世界各地的人们就可以分享发现的喜悦，并在历史上留下自己的印记。）可知，最后一段主要讲的是活动举办的目的。故选A项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中的“Thecompetition,named‘StarsWorlds’,isopennextThursday,January20th.”（这场名为“群星世界”的比赛将于1月20日（下周四）开幕。）可知，本文介绍了真正拥有行星命名权的组织机构，本文时效性较强，应该是从报刊杂志上节选出来的。故选D项。DTeenshaveareputationformakingsomenot-so-smartdecisionsandbeingeasilydistracted.Researchershaveblameditontheimmaturityoftheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质).Butscientistsnowfindtheanswermaybetheattractionofrewards.Rewards,evensmallones,affectteensmorethanadults.Andteenstendtobedistractedbythingstheyoncefoundrewarding,evenaftertheactualpayoffislonggone.PsychologistZacharyRoperandhisteamworkedwithtwogroupsofvolunteers:13-to16-yearoldsand20-to35-year-oldadults.Duringatrainingstage,acomputerdisplayedsixcircles,eachadifferentcolor.Theplayershadtofindtheredorgreencircleandwouldbeprovidedwitha10-centor2-centreward.Bytheendofthistraining,volunteershadrealizedthevalueofeachcolorbuttheydidn’tknowit.Thencamethetestingtime.Again,groupsofsixsymbols,onediamondandfivecircles,appearedonacomputerscreen.Theresearchersmeasuredhowlongittookpeopletofindthediamondandrecordedtheiranswers.Whennoredorgreencirclesappeared,bothadultsandteensrespondedquickly.Butwhenaredorgreencircleshowedup,bothgroupstookabitlongerinitially.Adults,though,quicklystoppedpayingattentiontotheredorgreencircles.Teenstooklongertorespondwheneveraredorgreencircleappeared.Clearly,theredandgreencirclesweredistractingteenseventhoughtheybroughtnoreward.“Thestudydemonstratesthattheattentionofadolescentsisespeciallydrawntorewardinginformation,”saysZacharyRoper.“Thesedatamayhelpexplainwhyteensengageinriskybehaviors.”Somebehaviors,suchastextingorusingsocialmedia,startthebrain’srewardsystem.Oncetheteenagebrainhaslinkedabehaviortothatreward,itcontinuestoseekitagainandagain.That’swhyteensarelikelytousesocialmediawhentheyshouldbestudying.Orwhytheyrespondtotextswhiledriving.Soresearcherssuggestphysicallyremovingdistractionswheneverpossible.31.Whydoteenstendtomakesomenot-so-smartdecisions?A.Theappealofrewardsaffectstheirdecisionmaking.B.Theirskillstorespondwiselyhavenotbeenwelltrained.C.Theirprefrontalcortexeshavebeenimproperlydeveloped.D.Thetendencytokeepdoingthingspreventsthemthinkingclearly.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A.Theredorgreencircle. B.Theendofthetraining.C.Thevalueofeachcolor. D.Theawarenessofthecolorvalue.33.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudyconductedbyZacharyRoperandhisteam?A.Adultswerenotaffectedbytheredorgreencirclesatall.B.Teenswereattractedbytheredorgreencirclesbecauseofthehighrewards.C.Teensweredistractedbytherewardinginformationevenaftertherewardwasgone.D.Adultsweredrawntotherewardinginformationonlyaftertheyweretestedrepeatedly.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBrainResponseSystem B.TheEffectsofRewardsC.TheDistractedTeenageBrain D.TheHarmofRiskyBehaviors〖答案〗31.A32.D33.C34.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员进行了一项研究，研究结果显示了奖赏的吸引力会让年轻人看起来容易冲动、容易分心。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Teenshaveareputationformakingsomenot-so-smartdecisionsandbeingeasilydistracted.Researchershaveblameditontheimmaturityoftheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质).Butscientistsnowfindtheanswermaybetheattractionofrewards.Rewards,evensmallones,affectteensmorethanadults.(青少年以做出一些不那么明智的决定和容易分心而闻名。研究人员将其归咎于前额皮质的不成熟。但科学家们现在发现，〖答案〗可能是奖赏的吸引力。奖励，即使是很小的奖励，对青少年的影响也比成年人大。)”可知，青少年倾向于做出一些不那么明智的决定，是因为奖励的吸引力会影响他们的决策。故选A。【32题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Bytheendofthistraining,volunteershadrealizedthevalueofeachcolor(在训练结束时，志愿者已经意识到每种颜色的价值)”和转折词but可知，这些志愿者自己并不知道颜色价值的意识。所以it代指前半句中的“Theawarenessofthecolorvalue(对颜色价值的意识)”。故选D。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Andteenstendtobedistractedbythingstheyoncefoundrewarding,evenaftertheactualpayoffislonggone.(青少年往往会被他们曾经认为有回报的事情分心，即使在实际回报早已不复存在之后。)”和第三段“Clearly,theredandgreencirclesweredistractingteenseventhoughtheybroughtnoreward.(很明显，红色和绿色的圆圈会分散青少年的注意力，尽管它们没有带来任何奖励。)”可知，即使在奖励消失后，青少年也会被奖励信息分散注意力。故选C。【34题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenshaveareputationformakingsomenot-so-smartdecisionsandbeingeasilydistracted.Researchershaveblameditontheimmaturityoftheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质).Butscientistsnowfindtheanswermaybetheattractionofrewards.(青少年以做出一些不那么明智的决定和容易分心而闻名。研究人员将其归咎于前额皮质的不成熟。但科学家们现在发现，〖答案〗可能是奖赏的吸引力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员进行了一项研究，研究结果显示了奖赏的吸引力会让年轻人看起来容易冲动、容易分心。所以“TheDistractedTeenageBrain(分心的青少年大脑)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonefeelsanxiousornervousattimes.Feelingslikethesecansurfacewhenyoufaceachallenge.___35___Youmightfeelanxiouswhenit’syourturntospeakinclass.Thesefeelingscanbeuncomfortable,butyoucanmanagewiththehelpofthefollowingtips.●Startwithagrowthmindset(思想倾向).Somepeoplehaveafixedmindset.Theymightthink,“ThisishowIam.Igetanxiousbeforespeakinginclass.SoIdon’traisemyhand.”Withafixedmindset,peopledon’tthinkthingscanchange.Butpeoplewithagrowthmindsetknowtheycangetbetteratjustabouteverything—witheffortandpractice.___36___●Noticewhatanxietyfeelslikeforyou.Gettoknowthebodyfeelingsthatarepartofanxiety.Whenyou’reanxious,doyoufeel“butterflies”?Shakyhands?Afasterheartbeat?Knowthatthesefeelingsarepartofthebody’snormalresponsetoachallenge.___37___Nexttimetheyhappen,trytonoticethefeelingswithoutgettingupset.Acceptthemandletthembethere.●___38___Whenyou’reanxious,it’scommontotellyourselfthingslike,“Ican’tdothis.”Or“WhatifImessthisup?”Instead,tellyourselfsomethingthatcouldhelpyoufacethemomentwithabitofcourage,“It’sOKtofeelanxious.Icandothisanyway.”It’sfacingtheanxietythathelpsyoumanageit.Thisiscalledexposure.Learningtocopewithanxietytakestimeandpatience.Mostofall,ittakespracticeandwillingnesstofaceit.Itstartswithonesmallstep.___39___A.Giveitallofyourattention.B.Thatincludesdealingwithanxiety.C.Talkyourselfthroughanxietyandfaceit.D.They’renotharmfulandtheyfadeontheirown.E.Itcanhelpyou“reset”andbereadytomoveforward.F.Forexample,youmightfeelnervousbeforetakingbigexams.G.Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryou’llgetatmanaginganxiety.〖答案〗35.F36.B37.D38.C39.G【导语】本文是一篇议论文。从三个方面就如何应对紧张焦虑提供一些建议。【35题详析】上文“Feelingslikethesecansurfacewhenyoufaceachallenge.(当你面临挑战时，像这样的感受会浮现)”空格处是对面临挑战的进一步举例说明。F选项中的“beforetakingexams”和“faceachallenge”一致。是对上文的进一步解释说明。故选F。【36题详析】上文“Butpeoplewithagrowthmindsetknowtheycangetbetteratjustabouteverything—witheffortandpractice.(但是那些有成长思维方式的人知道他们可以做好一切，只要肯努力和练习)”B选项中的that指代上文的“cangetbetteratjustabouteverything—witheffortandpractice.”这一切事情也包括应对焦虑这件事。故选B。【37题详析】上文“Knowthatthesefeelingsarepartofthebody’snormalresponsetoachallenge.(知道那些感受是你的身体应对挑战的正常反应。)”和D选项中的They前后一致，they指代上文的“thesefeelings”这些感受是正常反应是没有害处的。故选D。【38题详析】下文“Instead,tellyourselfsomethingthatcouldhelpyoufacethemomentwithabitofcourage.It’sfacingtheanxietythathelpsyoumanageit.(反而要告诉你自己勇敢些能帮你面对这一瞬间.正是面对焦虑才能帮你应对它。)”此空为小标题。根据下文可知本段在表达要面对焦虑。C选项中的faceit和下文的要面对它保持一致。故选C。【39题详析】上文“Mostofall,ittakespracticeandwillingnesstofaceit.Itstartswithonesmallstep.(最重要的是，它需要练习以及愿意面对它。)”G选项的“Themoreyoupractice”练习的越多，越能战胜焦虑，和上文保持一致。故选G。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Humpbackwhales(座头鲸)areamongtheworld’smostendangeredwhales.Themainthreatshumpbackwhalesfacearestrikesfromshipsandgettingcaughtinfishingandwasteequipment.Recently,scientistshavedevelopedatechnology-poweredmappingtooltopreventshipsfromhittingwhalesinareasoffAmeric