备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记Chapter 5 形容词和副词 笔记（全国通用）（原卷版）

chapter5形容词和副词笔记·模块一形容词的用法·模块二副词的用法·模块三形容词和副词的比较级、最高级·模块四与形容词副词有关的其他知识点·模块五2022、2023年各省市真题综合训练45题模块一模块一形容词的用法形容词的位置与顺序形容词充当的成分在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。Thisbikeisexpensive. 形容词作Sheisagoodstudent,andsheworkshard.形容词作MyteacheralwaysmakesherEnglishclassinteresting. 形容词作形容词的顺序县官行令杀国才。县→限定词；官→外观(大小、长短和高低)；行→形状；令→年龄（新旧）；杀→颜色；国→国籍；才→材料。美小圆旧黄，法国木书房（主观在前，客观在后）★小试身手★一件昂贵的俄国产的棕色皮大衣anexpensivebrownRussianfurcoat一条可爱的丹麦的小美人鱼 alovelylittleDanishmermaidOnedaytheycrossedthe_______bridgebehindthepalace. B.Chineseoldstone C.oldstoneChinese D.Chinesestoneold一根爷爷传给我的长长的棕色的波斯木纹手杖AlongbrownPersianwoodenwalkingstickfrommygrandpa(老师可自选补充)特殊形容词的位置形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面。I

had

initially

thoughtthat

there

would

be

nothing

s

because

itwasfairlycommonforanold

man

to

catchillness.本来我以为没什么大问题的,毕竟人老了,有病痛是在所难免的。well,ill等表达健康状况、情感类形容词只作表语，不做定语。Heisanillman.（定语）Heisill.（表语）Ihavebeenwrecently.Icantakecareofmyself.这段时间我身体很健康。我可以自己照顾自己。带有前缀-a的表语形容词带有前缀“a-”这类形容词只作表语不做定语，比如alike,alive,asleep,awake,alone。★小试身手★living/aliveThosepassengersarestillIhaveneverseenamanonmywayhere.asleep/sleeping/awakeAslongashesitsinfrontoftheTV,hecanfall.Hush!Don’tawakenthedog!Ifyoukeepfor3days,youmightdie.alone/lonelyHelivesbutheneverfeels.Ahutstoodonthetopofthehill.Sheis.It’sagoodtimetotakeaction!-ed形容词与-ing形容词：interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的令人惊奇的感到好奇的moving令人感动的moved感动的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的terrifying令人恐惧的terrified感到恐惧的令人困惑不解的感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的tiring令人厌倦的tired感到厌烦的令人惊讶的感到惊讶的boring令人讨厌的bored感到厌烦的令人兴奋的感到激动的touching触动人心的touched感动的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的astonishing令人惊呆的astonished惊呆的★小试身手★Longlongago,therewasan(interest)mancalledEffendi(阿凡提).Hewasso(bore)thathewenttosleep.Therewasan(excite)expressiononhisfacewhenheheardthegoodnews.模块模块二副词的用法副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。特殊副词的位置enough修饰名词是形容词，放在名词前，修饰形容词和副词是副词，放在它们的。他们有足够的现金买一张单程票。that,sentences,for,believe,tough,you,present,criminals,are,do,at,enough?(连词成句)★真题试炼★JanecanspeakEnglish_______.ShewantstoworkfortheSpecialOlympicGames.A. correct B. nice C. sweet D. wellEveryonelikesKevinbecausehetalkstoothers_______.A. friendly B. lovely C. politely D. luckilyThebabyfeels_______whilehismotherholdshiminherarms.A. save B. safe C. safely D. safetyMyoldneighbourCharlesfelt_______afterhischildrenmovedout．lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily♥Attention♥一般形容词后加-ly可以构成副词，但有些副词和形容词同形，比如：hard,late,early,high,fast,far,deep等，这些词后面有没有-ly意思不同。尝试写出下列副词的意思：hardhardlylatelatelyhighhighlydeepdeeply★小试身手★hardvs.hardlyWethoughtlongandbeforedecidingtomovehouse.latevs.latelythatevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.highvs.highlyItisunlikelythatshe'llbelate.deepvs.deeplyTheysatandtalkedintothenight.模块模块三形容词和副词的比较级、最高级同级比较用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”，其句型主要分两种："as+形容词/副词原级+as"的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样。他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。Hewasalmosthissister．在否定句中，用"notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as"结构，表示前者不如后者。在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。Inmanysportsphysicalfitnesstechnique.♥Attention♥如若第一个as/so后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰语都放在第一个as/so之后。You'vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。人们普遍相信(一般认为),教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。It

is

generally

believed

that

teaching

is

asmuchanartas

it

is

a

science.

比较级:规则变化Americanelephantsarelarger,fiercerandmoredifficulttotamethanAsianelephants.比起亚洲大象，非洲大象更大，更凶猛，也更难驯服。Thereisonespectaclegranderthanthesea,thatisthesky;thereisonespectaclegranderthanthesky,thatistheinteriorofthesoul.----VictorHugo★小试身手★三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。（head）事实胜于雄辩。（actions）迟到总比不到好。（late）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbad/badly/illmany/muchmorelittlefarfartherfarthest★真题试炼★Thismotorcycleisnotas_______asthatone,andituseslessgas.A. expensive B. lessexpensiveC. moreexpensive D. themostexpensiveHecanplaytennisbetterthan_______.A. anyboys B. anyotherboy C. anyboy D. anyotherJackisthesecond________studentinourclass.Heis________thanme.A. tallest;muchtaller B. tall;muchtallerC. tall;muchmoretaller D. tallest;muchmoretallerAftertwoyears'research,wenowhavea________betterunderstandingofthedisease.A. very B. far C. fairly D. quiteWhojumped_______ofallintheworld?A. longer B. longest C. farther D. farthestYouaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudrive_______．A. abitmoreslowly B. slowlyabitmoreC. moreslowabit D. slowlymorebit形容词和副词的比较程度在形容词比较级前可以使用：alittle,abit,even,alot,agreatdeal,much,far等副词来表示比较级的程度。换言之，看到这些词就要考虑使用比较级。★小试身手★判断下面的搭配是否正确。morehighermoremuchhighermuchmorehighermuchhigheralotmuchalotmoremuchmoremuchmanymuchinterestingabitmoreinterestingalotinteresting alittlemoreinterestingevenlessinterestingalittlemostinteresting比较级的否定★小试身手★判断这句话语法上是否正确。Iamnottallerthanyou(are).（）♥Attention♥只能用notas…as或less（Iamnotastallasyouare.或Iamshorterthanyouare.）★小试身手★Youaremoreintelligentthanme.=I.=I.MadeinChinaproductsarelessexpensivethanmadeinUSAproducts.=MadeinChinaproductsaremadeinUSAproducts.FrenchismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.=EnglishFrench.=EnglishFrench.♥Attention♥notmorethan只可用在数字前，表示“仅仅”、“只有”，类似于only，强调少；而no＋比较级＋than用于否定双方，意为“和……一样不”。Thistesttakesnomorethanthirtyminutes.这个考试只要三十分钟。Youarenomorecarefulthanyourbrother.你和你弟弟一样不仔细。★小试身手★Theoldcarraceisnolessexcitingthanthemoderncarrace.他不比乞丐有钱。虽然起步晚，但是汤姆弹钢琴不比她差。他不比我幸运。模块模块四与形容词副词有关的其他知识点most的含义themost＋形容词表最高级，most＋形容词意为“非常”，most相当于very。Qomolangmaisthemostdangerousmountainintheworld.Itreallyismostannoying.倍数的表达倍数词加在-er词或as...as前面。结构：倍数+as+adj./adv.+as/倍数+adj/adv.-er+than…Herappetiteisonlyhalfasbigasours.她的胃口只有我们的一半大。亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。AsiaisEurope.AsiaisEurope.have,as,would,three,asked,much,paid,gladly,I,he,times,as(连词成句)moreandmore结构“moreandmore”表示“越来越……”The

fresh

water

is

becoming

less

and

less.

现今越来越多年轻人正在使用网络，但是其中有些人没有合理地使用。the+比较级…the+比较级结构“themore…themore”结构表达的意思是“越…，就越…”Thegreateramanis,themoredistastefulispraiseandflatterytohim.------JohnBurroughs(美国博物学家巴勒斯)一个人越伟大，对表扬和奉承就越反感。★小试身手★多多益善。知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得有限。空气越热，它就上升得越快。Inrecentyears,travelcompanieshavesucceededinsendingustheideathatthe(far)wego,the(good)ourholidaywillbe.(词性转换)比较级也可以表示最高级的含义：Harry是班里聪明的学生。=Harryisclevererthaninhisclass/inhisclass./Harryisclevererthaninhisclass（同班）&Harryisclevererthaninthisclass.（不同班）♥Attention♥有other/else,A、B同范围；anyother+N单数；anyoftheother+N复数无other/else,A、B异范围。★小试身手★ChinaislargerthaninAfrica.ChinaislargerthaninAsia.模块模块五2022、2023年各省市真题综合训练45题★综合真题试炼★1．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—IsJulieastallasyou?—No,sheisn’t.She’s________thanme.A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．thetallest2．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）Chinaisoneof________countriesintheworld.Weareallproudofit.A．older B．theolder C．oldest D．theoldest3．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Nothingis_______thanaglassofwaterwhenyouarethirsty.A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．thenicest4．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Todayismuch________thanyesterday.Nice!A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．thecoolest5．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Mostpeopledon’tlikeeatinglemonsbecausetheytaste________.A．lovely B．sweet C．delicious D．sour6．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Whichdoyoulikebetter,mathorphysics?—Bothofthemaremyfavoritesubjects.Ithinkmathisas_________asphysics.A．interesting B．moreinteresting C．lessinteresting D．mostinteresting7．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Samdid________inhisstudiesthisyearthanlastyear.A．well B．better C．best D．thebest8．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Slowcookingseemstoholdthetasteofthemeatmuch________.A．good B．well C．better D．best9．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Royisagreatdancer.Hedances________thanothers.A．beautifully B．morebeautifully C．lessbeautifully D．mostbeautifully10．（2022·江西·统考中考真题）—Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?—ItmustbeBob.Ithinkheruns________.A．faster B．fastest C．moreslowly D．mostslowly11．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Bill,IplannedtogiveyouthecardonSaturday,butI________forgot.—That’sOK.Iwon’tuseituntilnextweekend.A．completely B．recently C．quietly D．clearly12．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）AlthoughLinglingstudiesonlineathome,shestudies________thanbefore.A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．thehardest13．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—UncleWang,couldyoutellmethesecretofyourgoodhealth?—Inmyview,______vegetablesand______meat.A．less;less B．more;more C．more;less D．less;more14．（2022·北京·统考中考真题）Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuch________thanlastyear.A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．thestrongest15．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）—Mikeplaysbasketballwell.Doyouknowhim?—Sure.Heisalsooneof________basketballplayersinourclass.A．tall B．thetaller C．tallest D．thetallest16．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—Areyougoingtorideyourbiketothebeach?—Yes.It’s________ofall.A．convenient B．moreconvenient C．mostconvenient D．themostconvenient17．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）Katieis________ofthethreegirlsinherfamily.A．young B．younger C．theyounger D．theyoungest18．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Thissongseems________thesedays.Itwasplayedeverywherewhenitcameout.—That’strue.Weseldomhearitnow.A．popular B．morepopular C．lesspopular D．themostpopular19．（2022·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）—What’sthesecond________riverinChina?—TheYellowRiver.A．longer B．thelonger C．longest D．thelongest20．（2023·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Nowadaystravelingbyhigh-speedtrainisas________astravelingbyairinChina.A．popular B．morepopular C．mostpopular D．themostpopular21．（2022·统考中考真题）Thisdetectivestoryis_______thantheoneIreadlastnight.A．attractive B．moreattractive C．mostattractive D．themostattractive22．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Theharderyouwork,the________youwillbe.A．luckier B．lucky C．luckily D．luck23．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—Theoldmanlives________,sohemayfeel________.—Weshouldvisithimtwiceamonth.A．alone;lonely B．lonely;alone C．alone;alone24．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）ChatGPTcanmakeaplan________thanwedo.A．muchquickly B．morequick C．evenquick D．farmorequickly25．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）Theairhasbeenmuch________theseyears.Governmentsaretakingactionagainstpollution.A．badly B．worst C．bad D．worse26．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）LiuYihasjustgottheonlychancetovisitPekingUniversity.Sheisthe________studentinclass.A．lucky B．luckier C．luckily D．luckiest27．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）—AsIknow,yourfriendJeffisveryhumorous.—Yes.Heis________personIknow.A．funnier B．thefunniest C．moreserious D．themostserious28．（2021·四川资阳·统考中考真题）YuanLongpingworked________allhislifetomakepeoplehaveenoughfood.A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．hardly29．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Jessica,it’sraining________outside.—Oh,youshouldbe________whenyoudrivetowork.A．hard;careful B．hardly;careful C．hard;carefully D．hardly;carefully30．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Amydidverywellinherreport.Sheis________topayattentiontoeverydetail.A．enoughcareful B．carefulenough C．enoughcareless D．carelessenough31．（2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Andydoesn’tlikejunkfoodatall,soshe________eatsit.A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never32．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）WhydoesJohnactso________?Look,he’sspeakingfaster,hisfacebecomesredderandyoucanalmostseefireinhiseyes.A．happily B．angrily C．calmly D．sadly33．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）ZhaoChenran________ofallthestudentsatthesportsmeeting.A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．lessfast34．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Coffeeortea,Frank?—Coffee,please.Togetrelaxed,________isbetterthanacupofcoffee.A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything35．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Makingrobotsisoneof________activitiesamongstudents.Eachofthemhashisownrobot.A．morepopular B．themostpopular C．moredifficult D．themostdifficult36．（2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题）Leolikesspeedskatingandhethinksit’s_________eventattheBeijingWinterOlympics.A．exciting B．moreexcitingC．mostexciting D．themostexciting37．（2022·广西梧州·统考中考真题）—Itwillbe________thisafternoon.—Well,we’dbettertakeanumbrella,orwewillgetwet.A．rainy B．cloudy C．windy D．sunny38．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Ofthetwomathproblems