新教材英语人教版选择性课时作业8Unit2LookingintotheFutureDiscoverUsefulStructures

Ⅰ.阅读理解Itbeganasagame:Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudy­ingputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalputerstobreakintotelephonepanyputersandmakefree,long­distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungputertalentssoongainedthename“hackers”．Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmoreplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedaputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.Ashackersgainedexperiencetheybeganinvadingputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'sputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.TheUSgovernmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefenseputers.Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaUSDefenseDepartmentputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedaputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainaputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeveryputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingtheputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.TheincidentputthespotlightonputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manypanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheirputersfromhackers,andmanyputerexpertsnowadvisepaniesonhowtoprotecttheirputers.TheUSgovernmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop­secretdefenseputers.Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheraputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheUSwillbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofputerhackers.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了黑客的起源，以及他们非法侵入各个领域的网络系统的犯罪行为。1．Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?A．Theybrokeintogovernmentputers.B．Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.C．Theyplayedputergames.D．Theymadefreephonecalls.答案：D解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段“Itbeganasagame：...figuredouttheycouldusepersonalputerstobreakintotelephonepanyputersandmakefree,long­distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungputertalentssoongainedthename‘hackers’．”可知它起初是一个游戏：学习计算机的高中生和大学生发现他们可以使用个人电脑闯入公司的电脑并拨打免费的长途。这些年轻的计算机人才很快就被称为“黑客”。这说明这些高中生和大学生是第一批黑客，他们拨打了免费的。故选D。2．WhycanUSgovernmentputersbeeasilyhackedinto?A．Theyhavenodefensesystems.B．Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.C．Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D．Theylackplexprocessingprograms.答案：B解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.”可知政府的秘密很容易被攻击，因为成千上万的政府计算机通过黑客可以进入的线被连接起来。故选B。3．WhathappenedtothegovernmentputersinNovember1988?A．Theylostalloftheimportantdata.B．Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.C．Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.D．Theygottotallyruinedbyaputerprogram.答案：C解析：考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaUSDefenseDepartmentputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedaputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.”可知1988年11月，一名大学生进入美国国防部的计算机网络Arpanet并注入了一个计算机程序，这个程序可以通过Arpanet进行自我复制。也就是说，美国政府的电脑被一个大学生入侵了。故选C。4．Whatdidpaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheirputersystems?A．Employputertalents.B．Buildsecretdefensesystems.C．Askthegovernmentforhelp.D．Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.答案：A解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Manypanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheirputersfromhackers,andmanyputerexpertsnowadvisepaniesonhowtoprotecttheirputers.”可知许多公司聘请了专家来保护他们的计算机免受黑客攻击并且许多计算机专家如今会建议公司如何保护他们的计算机。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五Lotsofpeoplegiveyouadviceonoveringfear.__1__However,Iwanttotellyouthataworldwithoutfearwouldbemoredangerous,lessrewarding.Sowewanttotreatfearasafriend？Herearethreereasons.__2__Thinkaboutit.Doyougetmorenervouswhenyoumeetthegirl(orguy)ofyourdreams？Whichismorefearful,talkingtothebossofyourpanyortosomeofyourfriends?__3__Ifyoudidn'thavefeartoguideyou,youmightnotknowthat!Notsobad,right?Next,fearencouragesustotakeaction.Fearisacalltoaction.Inthepast,ourancestorsdidn'trunawayinfearwhentheysawatigerrunningtowardthembuttriedtokillitforfood.Now,mostofusdon'tfaceseriousdangerlikehungrytigerseveryday,butwedofaceseriousbossesorpublicspeaking.So,whatcanwedo？__4__Lastly,fearletsyouknowyouarealive.Whydowelikerollercoasters？__5__Sameforhorrormovies.Sofearcanguideyoutowardswhat'simportantforyouandencourageyoutotakeactiontoimprove.Don'tweallneedthatkindoffriend?A．Don'tfeartobewrong.B．Itfrightensusinamostlysafeway.C．Imaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutfear.D．Thefirstisthatfearisanexcellentguidetoopportunity.E．Theysayifyoucanoverefear,youwillbesuccessful.F．Letfearprovideuswiththeenergytodowhatneedstobedone.G．Fearisshowingyouwhatisimportantandwhatmatterstoyou.本文是一篇说明文，现实生活中很多人在想办法克服恐惧，但是，恐惧也是有好的一面的，它能帮助我们成长。作者就此展开谈论，揭示了恐惧的好处，告诉了我们恐惧其实并不可怕。1．E解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“However,Iwanttotellyouthataworldwithoutfearwouldbemoredangerous，lessrewarding.”然而，我却想告诉你，一个没有恐惧的世界可能会更加危险而回报也将减少。从转折however可推断出，前一句的意思与这一句相反。E.Theysayifyoucanoverefear,youwillbesuccessful.“他们说如果你克服了恐惧，你会成功。”承接下文，符合语境，故选E。2．D解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据3空后“Ifyoudidn'thavefeartoguideyou，youmightnotknowthat！”(如果没有恐惧引导你，你可能不知道这一点。)可知，D.Thefirstisthatfearisanexcellentguidetoopportunity.“首先，恐惧是通向机会的极好向导。”符合语境，故选D。3．G解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Doyougetmorenervouswhenyoumeetthegirl(orguy)ofyourdreams？Whichismorefearful，talkingtothebossofyourpanyortosomeofyourfriends？”可知，G.Fearisshowingyouwhatisimportantandwhatmatterstoyou.“恐惧显示出什么对你是重要的。”承接上文，符合语境，故选G。4．F解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。句意：根据空前“Now，mostofusdon'tfaceseriousdangerlikehungrytigerseveryday，butwedofaceseriousbossesorpublicspeaking.So，whatcanwedo？”可知，F.Letfearprovideuswiththeenergytodowhatneedstobedone.“让恐惧为我们提供能量去做需要做的事情。”承接上文，符合语境，故选F。5．B解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Whydowelikerollercoasters？”可知，为什么我们喜欢过山车，此处应填B.Itfrightensusinamostlysafeway.“它以一种安全的方式使我们恐惧。”故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryofPekingOpera，fourwomenperformedapieceintheChinaNationalPekingOperapany(CNPOC)productions__1__May27thatShanghai'sMajesticTheater.ThePekingOperaperformancewasoneofthe51__2__(produce)showedatthe12thChinaArtFestivalinShanghai.TheCNPOCbroughttogetherthreestories__3__(base)oneventsduringtheRedArmy'sLongMarch.“Theyarestoriesaboutthe__4__(brave)oftheRedArmyduringtheLongMarch，”saysSongChen，headoftheCNPOC.“Intheplay，youcansee__5__thesesoldiersdotosacrificethemselvestohelpothers.Peoplewillbe__6__(deep)touchedbytheirfaithanddevotion.”Oneofthestoriesisaboutthreewomensoldiers__7__(stay)foranightatafarmer'shomeinavillage.TheysleepinthehomeofalocalwomannamedXuJiexiu，andfeelsorryforherpoorlivingconditions.Whentheyleavethenextmorning,asoldierusesapairofscissors__8__(cut)uptheonlyquiltshehas，leavinghalfofitforthevillagewoman.PekingOperastyles__9__(develop)overhundredsofyears，__10__createsawiderangeofroleseachfeaturingdistinctivemethodsofperformanceandsingingstyles.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国国家京剧剧团在上海举行的第12届中国艺术节上表演的长征题材的京剧作品。1．on解析