完形填空（16区一模汇编）-2024年新高考英语二轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）（答案版）

专题03完形填空（答案版）卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模卷06：2023年上海市松江区高三一模卷07：2023年上海市杨浦区高三一模卷08：2023年上海市长宁区高三一模卷09：2023年上海市黄浦区高三一模卷10：2023年上海市静安区高三一模卷11：2023年上海市崇明区高三一模卷12：2023年上海市青浦区高三一模卷13：2023年上海市浦东新区高三一模卷14：2023年上海市奉贤区高三一模卷15：2023年上海市普陀区高三一模卷16：2023年上海市徐汇区高三一模卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模Backin1930,theeconomistJohnMaynardKeynespredictedthatwithtechnologicalchangeandimprovementsin-productivity,we’donlybeworking15hoursaweekbynow.Butwhileworkinghourshave___21___by26%,mostofusstillaverage42.5hoursaweek.OneofthethingsKeynesunderestimatedisthehumandesireto___22___withourpeers—adrivethatmakesmostofusworkmorethanweneedto.“Wedon’tmeasureproductivitybyhowmuchwe’veharvestedanymore,”saysAlexSoojung-KimPang,visitingscholaratStanfordUniversity.“OverworkinghasbeenpartofWesternsocietysincetheIndustrialRevolution.Whensomepredictedthatautomationwouldcreateanextraamountof___23___time,needlesstosay,thatdidn’thappen.Thankstocomputerizationandglobalizationinthe1980s,managerscoulddemandmoreofemployeesunderthe___24___thatjobscouldbegiventosomeoneelse.Sothe___25___piledon.Andwetookitexhausted,butaskinguptheburdenallthesame.ThepsychologistBarbaraKillngerwritesinWorkaholics:TeRespectableAddictsabouthowwe___26___sacrificeourownwell-beingthroughoverworkfor“success”.Butfarfromdeliveringproductivity,value,orpersonalfulfillment,overworkhasbeenproventoleadtoburnout,stress,greaterriskofheartdiseaseandevenshorterlifespans.___27___wecarriedon—untilCOVID-19camealong.Besidesmakingusworklongerhoursfromhome,COVID-19hasalso___28___themovetowardstheadoptionofautomatedmachine,especiallytorjobsrequiringmuchinterpersonalcontact-fromAmazondevelopingdeliverydrones(无人机)toself-drivingcars.By2050,MichaelOsborne,aprofessorofmachinelearningattheUniversityofOxford,predictsthatatleast40%ofcurrentjobswillbelostto___29___.Thereare____30____.Jobsthatinvolvecomplexsocialinteractionsarebeyondcurrentrobotskills:soteaching,socialcare,nursingandcounsellingarealllikelyto____31____theAIrevolution.Asarejobsthatrelyoncreativity.Thesamealsogoesfor____32____jobs,accordingtoOsborne,duetothelargenumberofdifferentobjectscleanersencounterandthevarietyofwaysthoseobjectsneedtobedealtwith.Interestingly,areasoftheworkplacetraditionallydominatedbywomenwon’tbesoeasilyadoptedbyAI.Robotsareunlikelyto____33____inthe“work”oftakingcareofchildren,preparinglunchboxesanddoingthelaundry.Thosewhoseworkfallsoutsidethecaring,cleaningorcreativefieldwillstillworkinfuture,just____34____.Inabout60%ofoccupations,itisestimatedthatathirdofthetaskscanbeautomated,meaningchangestothewaywework.Alarge-scalestudyhaspredictedthatoverthenext20years,although7millionjobswillbetakenoverbyAI.7.2millionnewoneswillbe____35____asaresult.Sowewillworkinfuture:wejustdon’tknowwhatwe’llbedoingyet.21.A.declined B.increased C.continued D.kept22.A.disagree B.compete C.cooperate D.identify23.A.working B.tough C.leisure D.active24.A.fantasy B.influence C.threat D.impression25.A.joy B.cash C.ambition D.pressure26.A.excitedly B.willingly C.dramatically D.hopefully27.A.Otherwise B.Still C.Furthermore D.Therefore28.A.speededup B.followedup C.preparedfor D.plannedfor29.A.overwork B.labour C.automation D.science30.A.dreams B.models C.expectations D.exceptions31.A.cause B.cease C.survive D.undergo32.A.caring B.cleaning C.curing D.coaching33.A.assist B.exist C.believe D.understand34.Ahardly B.differently C.unfortunately D.probably35.A.lost B.recovered C.substituted D.created【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类工作时间的变化以及自动化对工作方式的影响。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，虽然工作时间减少了26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是42.5小时。A.declined下降；B.increased增加；C.continued继续；D.kept保持。根据上文“we’donlybeworking15hoursaweekbynow.(我们现在每周只工作15个小时)”可知，虽然工作时间减少了26%，我们大多数人每周平均工作时间仍然是42.5小时，while引导让步状语从句，表转折，故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯恩斯低估的一件事是人类与同伴竞争的欲望——这种欲望使我们大多数人工作得比我们需要的更多。A.disagree不同意；B.compete比赛；C.cooperate合作；D.identify识别。根据后文“adrivethatmakesmostofusworkmorethanweneedto”可知，人类喜欢和同伴竞争，导致大多数人工作得比我们需要的更多。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一些人预测自动化将创造更多的闲暇时间时，不用说，这并没有发生。A.working有工作的；B.tough艰难的；C.leisure闲暇的；D.active活跃的。根据上文“automationwouldcreateanextraamountof”可知，自动化应该带来更多的闲暇时间。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于20世纪80年代的计算机化和全球化，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。A.fantasy幻想；B.influence影响；C.threat威胁；D.impression印象。根据后文“thatjobscouldbegiventosomeoneelse”可知，管理人员可以在工作可能被交给别人的威胁下对员工提出更多的要求。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以压力越来越大。A.joy玩笑；B.cash现金；C.ambition抱负；D.pressure压力。根据后文“Andwetookitexhausted,butaskinguptheburdenallthesame.(我们尽了力，仍要担重担)”可知，人类的压力越来越大了。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：心理学家芭芭拉•基尔格在《工作狂:受人尊敬的瘾君子》一书中写道，为了“成功”，我们是如何心甘情愿地牺牲自己的幸福的。A.excitedly激动地；B.willingly愿意地；C.dramatically戏剧性地；D.hopefully有希望地。根据后文“throughoverworkfor“success””指人类为了成功，心甘情愿地牺牲自己的幸福。故选B。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们还是坚持了下来，直到COVID-19出现。A.Otherwise否则；B.Still仍然；C.Furthermore此外；D.Therefore因此。根据上文“Butfarfromdeliveringproductivity,value,orpersonalfulfillment,overworkhasbeenproventoleadtoburnout,stress,greaterriskofheartdiseaseandevenshorterlifespans.(但事实证明，过度工作不仅不会带来生产力、价值或个人成就感，还会导致倦怠、压力、更大的心脏病风险，甚至更短的寿命)”以及后文“wecarriedon”指过度工作虽然有很多坏处，但我们仍然坚持下来了。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了让我们在家工作更长时间外，COVID-19还加速了自动化机器的采用，特别是对于需要大量人际接触的工作——从亚马逊开发的送货无人机到自动驾驶汽车。A.speededup加速；B.followedup跟上；C.preparedfor准备；D.plannedfor制定计划。根据后文“themovetowardstheadoptionofautomatedmachine,especiallytorjobsrequiringmuchinterpersonalcontact-fromAmazondevelopingdeliverydronestoself-drivingcars.”可知，COVID-19加速了自动化机器的采用，特别是对于需要大量人际接触的工作——从亚马逊开发的送货无人机到自动驾驶汽车。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：牛津大学机器学习教授迈克尔•奥斯本预测，到2050年，目前至少40%的工作岗位将被自动化取代。A.overwork劳累过度；B.labour劳动；C.automation自动化；D.science科学。呼应上文“themovetowardstheadoptionofautomatedmachine”指到2050年，目前至少40%的工作岗位将被自动化取代。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也有例外。A.dreams梦想；B.models模型；C.expectations期待；D.exceptions例外。根据后文“Jobsthatinvolvecomplexsocialinteractionsarebeyondcurrentrobotskills:soteaching,socialcare,nursingandcounsellingarealllikelytosurvivetheAIrevolution.(涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因此，教学、社会关怀、护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来)”可知，不是所有的工作都会被取代，有一些工作例外。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因此，教学、社会关怀、护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。A.cause造成；B.cease终止；C.survive生存；D.undergo经历。根据上文“Jobsthatinvolvecomplexsocialinteractionsarebeyondcurrentrobotskills:soteaching,socialcare,nursingandcounsellingarealllikelyto”可知，涉及复杂社会互动的工作超出了当前机器人的技能范围：因此，教学、社会关怀、护理和咨询都有可能在人工智能革命中幸存下来。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥斯本表示，清洁工作也是如此，因为清洁工会遇到大量不同的物体，需要处理这些物体的方法也多种多样。A.caring关心；B.cleaning清理；C.curing治愈；D.coaching指导。根据后文“duetothelargenumberofdifferentobjectscleanersencounterandthevarietyofwaysthoseobjectsneedtobedealtwith”可知，此处指清洁工作。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒和洗衣服等“工作”。A.assist帮助，协助；B.exist存在；C.believe相信；D.understand理解。根据后文“inthe“work”oftakingcareofchildren,preparinglunchboxesanddoingthelaundry.”指机器人不太可能协助照顾孩子、准备午餐盒和洗衣服等“工作”。故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那些工作不在护理、清洁或创意领域的人将来仍然会工作，只是工作方式不同而已。A.hardly几乎不；B.differently不同地；C.unfortunately不幸地；D.probably可能。根据上文“Thosewhoseworkfallsoutsidethecaring,cleaningorcreativefieldwillstillworkinfuture,just”指辨析。句意：那些工作不在护理、清洁或创意领域的人将来仍然会工作，只是工作方式不同。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，将会产生720万个新岗位。A.lost丢失；B.recovered恢复；C.substituted代替；D.created创造。根据后文“Sowewillworkinfuture:wejustdon’tknowwhatwe’llbedoingyet.(所以我们会在未来工作：我们只是还不知道我们要做什么)”可知，人类将来仍然会工作。说明是产生720万个新岗位。故选D。卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模Ideally,childhoodisatimeofgrowthandlearning,preparingforadulthoodandalsohavingfun.Butformanychildrenaroundtheworld,thistimeiscutshortwhentheyareforcedtowork,sometimesindangerousconditions.41,theUnitedNations(U.N.),somenationalgovernmentsandotherorganizations42June12astheannualWorldDayAgainstChildLabor.Asof2020,around160millionchildrenworkedaschildlaborers,whichmeansthatonechildin10wasachildlaborer.43,childlaborhasdecreasedoverthepast20years,butinrecentyears,thisprogresshasstopped.Childlaboris44fromordinaryhousework,helpingwithafamilybusinessor(forolderchildren)workingtoearnpocketmoneywhennotinschool.Workdonebychildrenis45aschildlaborwhenitharmsthechildphysically,mentally,sociallyor46,orwhenitpreventsthechild'seducation.About79millionchildrenareengagedinhazardouschildlabor.Sometimesthismeanstheworkitselfisdangerousbecauseofheavymachineryorexposureto47.Hazardouschildlaborcanalsoinvolveharshconditions,longhours,or48tovariouskindsofabuse.TheprimarygoaloftheWorldDayAgainstChildLaborisraising49oftheissueandencouragingindividuals,organizationsandgovernmentsto50.Combating(打击)childlaborisacomplextask.Itinvolvessocialworkerswhoidentifychildlaborersandtakeactiontoprovidethesechildrenandtheirfamilieswithother51.Butitalsoinvolveschangeincommunitiesasawhole,52thesocialregulationsthatcanleadadultstomaketheirchildrenwork.Childlaborandpovertyoftengohandinhandasparentsfeelremovingtheirchildrenfromschoolisnecessarytoearnmoneyfortheirsurvival.So,measuresmeanttofight53arealsotiedtopreventingchildlabor.Ensuringthatchildrenhavequalityeducationalopportunitiesisalsoimportant.Ifmoreopportunitieswere54,moreparentsmightgiveuptheimmediatebenefitofachild'spaychecktogivethatchildaneducation.Childlaborisharmfultochildrenandtocommunities,sinceitpreventschildrenfromgrowingintohealthy,educatedcitizenswhocouldmakea(n)55insociety.Byhighlightingtheproblemandofferingavarietyofsolutions,theWorldDayAgainstChildLaborcanmakethesituationabitbetter.A.Inaddition B.Asaresult C.Aboveall D.AfterallA.recognize B.discover C.choose D.considerA.NeverthelessB.Therefore C.Overall D.MoreoverA.distinguished B.transferred C.ranged D.evolvedA.evaluated B.classified C.combined D.separatedA.sincerely B.negatively C.positively D.morallyA.chemicals B.lights C.wastes D.gasesA.harm B.pollution C.exposure D.dangerA.value B.awareness C.status D.significanceA.takeplace B.takecare C.takeover D.takeactionA.options B.questions C.elements D.examplesA.promoting B.urging C.challenging D.adjustingA.disease B.disaster C.survival D.povertyA.available B.sustainable C.accessible D.advisableA.choice B.difference C.effort D.decision卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.“So…tellmeaboutyourself.”Thetoughestjobinterviewquestionmayseemlikeasoftballfromtheinterviewer'sperspective:Itseems___41____becauseitfeelslikeafreepass:norequestforreal-lifeexamples,notechnicalchallenge,noteventhefeared"What'syourbiggestfault?"Just…tellmeanything.Receivingsuchanopeninvitationinvitesmore___42____thanopportunities,becauseyou'regivennoframeworkforyourresponse—justablank,clue-freepaper.Ioftenseethis__43situationinmypoint-makingworkshops:communicatingwithoutapoint.Whatyourprospectiveemployermostneedsfromyouisapoint("Tamanimportantasset(资产)tothecompany"),nota___44___("Allaboutme").Buthowdoyougetfromtheinterviewer'sbroadquestiontoaspecificand___45___point?Startwithrealizingthatyourintervieweralreadyknowsyourjobhistorythankstoyourresume(简历).Soyoushouldbemorethanyour___46__.Rememberthatinterviewsaremoreaboutmakingstrong___47__thanprovingqualifications.Thisisatwo-stepprocessthatwillrequiresomehomework.First,identifywhattheorganizationspecificallyneedsfromthisrole.Second,__48_yourresponsetopositionyourselfasthebestpersontofillthatneed.Identifyingtheorganization'sneedmeansexaminingthejobdescriptionlikeatreasuremap.Phraseslike“required,”"musthave,"and"highlydesired"meanwhattheysay,so___49__thoseinyourplanning.Itemsfurtherdownthelistorlabeled"preferred"maybelessimportant,evenifyoumeetthosestandards.The__50___ofajobdescriptioncanbetellingaswell.Descriptionsthatsoundpersonal,orcomerightoutandsay"senseofhumorpreferred"indicateaworkplacewherepeopleliketohavefun.__51_,averyformaljobpostingmightindicateaconservativeworkplacewherepeopleareexpectedtobeseriousaboutthework.Pullingfromthesesoures,writedownthethreepersonalqualitiesthey'remostlookingforlike“self-starter,""teamplayer,"or"interestinhealthcare".Nowchangethe___52___slightlyto"I'maself-starter"or“Atwork,myapproachis.…."Thenpickastoryfromyourprofessionallifethat53__youfillingthatparticularneedofthejob.Feelfreetoadddetails,butdon't__54___theprimaryelements.Assumetheycansmellaliefromamileaway,whethertheycanorcan't.Inthisway,youshoulddomorethanjustwideneyesintheroom.Why?Becauseyou'vematchedwhoyouareandyourpersonalstorywiththecompany'sbrandandprimaryneed.Youdidn'tjusttellthemaboutyou;youpointedoutwhyyou___55___tothem.41.A.hard B.Easy C.huge D.small42.A.missions B.joys. C.comments D.risks43.A,unlikely B.favourable. C.problematic D.competent44.A.bookreport B.phonecall. C.desklamp D.lunchbreak45.A.declared B.tailored. C.rejected D.assessed46.A.profile B.criterion C.dimension D.nickname47.A.transitions B.judgments C.matches D.distributions48.A.stabilize B.customize C.memorize D.authorize49.A.diversify B.approve C.delete D,highlight50.A.tone B.format C.picture D.length51.A.Forinstance B.Bycontrast C.Afterall D.Inaddition52.A.blogging B.networking C.messaging D.wording53.A.illustrates B.suspends C.dismisses D.circulates54.A.makeup B.putoff C.breakdown D.getthrough55.A.submitted B.extended C.mattered D.shifted卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mathematicshasanimageproblem:fartoomanypeopleareputoffbyitandconcludethatthesubjectjustisn’tforthem.Butoneofthebiggestproblemsishowmathsis____41____,ascoldanddry.Ihaveadifferentapproachwhichistorelateabstractmathstoquestionsofpoliticsandsocialjustice.Ihavetaughtfairlymaths-phobic(恐惧)artstudentsinthiswayandhaveseentheirattitudes____42____.Theynowbelievemathsis____43____themandcangenuinelyhelpthem.Atabasiclevel,mathsisfoundedonlogic,sowhenIamteachinglogic,Iuseexamplesfrom____44____eventsratherthantheold-fashionedtypeofproblem.Insteadofstudyingthelogicofastatementlike“alldogshavefourlegs”,Imightdiscussthestatement“allimmigrantsareillegal”.ButIdothiswithspecificmathematicalstructurestoo.____45____,Iteachatypeofstructurecalledanorderedset,whichissubjecttoanorderrelationsuchas“islessthan”.Wethenstudyandaskwhichfunctionsare“order-preserving”.Atypicalexamplemightbethefunctionthattakesa(n)____46____numberandmapsittothenumberobtainedfrommultiplyingby2.Wewouldthensaythatifx<ythenalso2x<2y,sothefunctionisorder-preserving.____47____,ratherthanstickingtothistypeofdrymathematicalexample,Iintroduceissueslikeprivilegeandwealth.Ifwethinkofoneorderedsetwithpeopleorderedbystatus,wecanmakeafunctiontoanothersetwherethepeoplearenoworderedby____48____instead.Ifsomeonehasahigherstatus,aretheyautomaticallywealthier?Wecanalsoaskaboutworkinghoursand____49____:ifsomeoneworksmorehours,dothey____50____earnmore?Theanswerthereisclearlynot.Myapproachiscontroversialbecause,traditionally,mathsissupposedtobe____51____andapolitical(与政治无关的).Ihavebeen____52____bypeoplewhothinkmyapproachwillbeoff-putting(令人烦恼的)tothosewhodon’tcareaboutsocialjustice.However,thedryapproachisoff-puttingtothosewhodocare.Infact,Ibelievethatallacademicdisciplinesshouldaddressourmostimportantissues.Abstractmathsisaboutmakingthoroughlogicalarguments,whichislinkedtoeverything.Idon’t____53____thatstudentsagreewithmeaboutpolitics,butIdoaskthattheyconstructthoroughargumentstobackuptheirthoughtsanddevelopthecrucialabilitytoanalyzethelogicofpeoplethey____54____.Mathsisn’tjustaboutnumbersandequations(方程式);itisaboutstudyingdifferent____55____systems.Wecanapplyittoballsrollingdowndifferenthills,butwecanalsoapplyittopressingsocialissues.Ithinkweshoulddoboth,forthesakeofsocietyandtobemoreinclusivetowardsdifferenttypesofstudentsinmathseducation.41.A.dismissed B.presented C.doubted D.neglected42.A.transformed B.defined C.illustrated D.examined43.A.creditedto B.relevantto C.separatedfrom D.independentof44.A.economic B.mathematical C.current D.virtual45.A.Inparticular B.Forexample C.Afterall D.Inaddition46.A.ordinary B.odd C.absolute D.limited47.A.However B.Moreover C.Otherwise D.Therefore48.A.power B.wealth C.health D.intelligence49.A.profit B.status C.income D.promotion50.A.particularly B.specifically C.habitually D.necessarily51.A.applicable B.neutral C.biased D.theoretical52.A.criticized B.tolerated C.ignored D.assessed53.A.oppose B.claim C.assume D.demand54.A.disagreewith B.runacross C.relyon D.benefitfrom55.A.legal B.operating C.logical D.grading【答案】41.B42.A43.B44.C45.B46.A47.A48.B49.C50.D51.B52.A53.D54.A55.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于数学以及数学教学的一些心得体会、方法和感悟。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是最大的问题之一是数学是如何被冷冰冰地呈现出来的。A.dismissed解散；B.presented代表，呈现；C.doubted怀疑；D.neglected忽视。根据上文“Mathematicshasanimageproblem:fartoomanypeopleareputoffbyitandconcludethatthesubjectjustisn’tforthem.(数学有一个形象问题：有太多的人对它望而却步，认为这门学科不适合他们)”可知，此处指数学被呈现的方式有问题，被冷冰冰地呈现出来。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用这种方法教过一些对数学相当恐惧的艺术类学生，我看到他们的态度发生了转变。A.transformed转换；B.defined定义；C.illustrated说明；D.examined检查。根据后文“cangenuinelyhelpthem”可知，态度发生了转变。故选A。【43题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他们现在相信数学与他们息息相关，而且能真正帮助他们。A.creditedto赞扬；B.relevantto有关的；C.separatedfrom分开；D.independentof不依赖。根据后文“cangenuinelyhelpthem”可知，认为数学可以帮助到他们，即与他们息息相关。故选B。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在基本层面上，数学是建立在逻辑的基础上的，所以当我教逻辑的时候，我用时事的例子，而不是老式的问题。A.economic经济的；B.mathematical数学的；C.current目前的；D.virtual虚拟的。根据后文“eventsratherthantheold-fashionedtypeofproblem”可知，作者用的是时事的例子，而不是老式的问题。故选C。【45题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，我教授一种称为有序集的结构类型，它受制于诸如“小于”之类的顺序关系。A.Inparticular特别；B.Forexample例如；C.Afterall毕竟；D.Inaddition此外。根据上文“ButIdothiswithspecificmathematicalstructures,too.(但我也用特定的数学结构来做)”可知，后文主要是作者对于上文提到的内容进行举例说明。故选B。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个典型的例子可能是一个函数，它接受一个普通的数字，并将其映射到乘以2得到的数字。A.ordinary普通的；B.odd奇怪的；C.absolute完全的；D.limited有限的。根据后文“numberandmapsittothenumberobtainedfrommultiplyingby2”以及数学相关概念，函数是接受一个普通的数字，并将其映射到乘以2得到的数字。故选A。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我并没有拘泥于这种枯燥的数学例子，而是引入了特权和财富之类的问题。A.However然而；B.Moreover此外；C.Otherwise否则；D.Therefore因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选A。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们考虑一个按地位排序的有序集合，我们可以对另一个按财富排序的有序集合建立一个函数。A.power力量；B.wealth财富；C.health健康；D.intelligence聪明。呼应上文“likeprivilegeandwealth”指按财富排序的有序集合。故选B。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们也可以问关于工作时间和收入的问题：如果某人工作时间更长，他们是否习惯性地挣得更多？A.profit利润；B.status地位；C.income收入；D.promotion晋升。根据后文“earnmore”可知，此处指工作时间和收入的问题。故选C。【50题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们也可以问关于工作时间和收入的问题：如果某人工作时间更长，他们是否习惯性地挣得更多？A.particularly特别是；B.specifically专门地；C.habitually习惯地；D.necessarily必要地。根据上文“ifsomeoneworksmorehours,dothey”以及常识，如果某人工作时间更长，他们是否习惯性地挣得更多。故选D。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的方法是有争议的，因为传统上，数学被认为是“中立的”和非政治性的。A.applicable适用的；B.neutral中立的；C.biased有偏见的；D.theoretical理论的。根据后文“apolitical”可知，指数学被认为是“中立的”和非政治性的。故选B。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人批评我，认为我的做法会让那些不关心社会公正的人感到不快。A.criticized批评；B.tolerated忍受；C.ignored忽视；D.assessed评估。根据后文“peoplewhothinkmyapproachwillbeoff-puttingtothosewhodon’tcareaboutsocialjustice.”可知，有人认为作者的做法会让那些不关心社会公正的人感到不快，即批评作者。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不要求学生们在政治问题上与我意见一致，但我确实要求他们构建全面的论据来支持他们的想法，并培养分析他们不同意的人的逻辑的关键能力。A.oppose反对；B.claim声称；C.assume认为；D.demand要求。根据后文“studentsagreewithmeaboutpolitics”可知，此处指要求学生和作者意见一致。故选D。【54题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我并不要求学生们在政治问题上与我意见一致，但我确实要求他们构建全面的论据来支持他们的想法，并培养分析他们不同意的人的逻辑的关键能力。A.disagreewith不同意；B.runacross遇到；C.relyon依靠；D.benefitfrom受益于。上文“studentsagreewithmeaboutpolitics”提到作者不要求学生们在政治问题上与自己意见一致，即想要培养学生学会分析和自己意见不一致的人的能力。故选A。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数学不仅仅是数字和方程式；它是关于学习不同的逻辑系统。A.legal合法的；B.operating操作的；C.logical逻辑的；D.grading动词，定等级。呼应上文“Abstractmathsisaboutmakingthoroughlogicalarguments,whichislinkedtoeverything.(抽象数学是关于进行彻底的逻辑论证，它与一切都有联系)”指数学关于学习不同的逻辑系统。故选C。卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MantheHunter,akeyideainhumansciences,proposesthathuntingwasamajordriverofhumanevolutionandthatmenconductedthisactivity,leavingwomenout.Itholdsthathumanancestorshadadivisionof___21___,rootedinbiologicaldifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales,inwhichmalesevolvedtohuntandprovide,andfemalestendedtochildrenanddomesticduties.Itassumesthatmalesare___22___superiortofemalesandthatpregnancy(怀孕)andchild-caringreduceoreliminate(根除)afemale’sabilitytohunt.MantheHunterhasdominatedthestudyofhumanevolutionfornearlyhalfacenturyandspreadthroughpopular___23___.Itisrepresentedinmuseumdisplaysandtextbookfigures,Saturdaymorningcartoonsandfeaturefilms.Thethingis,it’s___24___.Researcherslookatthedamageonourancestors’remainsforcluestotheir___25___.Neandertalfemalesandmalesdonotvaryin___26___patternsorexhibitsexdifferencesindiseasesfromrepetitiveactions.Theirskeletonsshowthesamemodesofwearandtear.Thisdiscoveryimpliesthattheywereengagingin___27___activities,fromhuntinglargegameanimalstoprocessingfurforleather.Observationsofrecentandcontemporarysocietiesprovidedirectevidenceofwomen___28___hunting.AgtapeopleofthePhilippines,___29___,huntwhilepregnantandbreastfeeding,andtheyhavethesamehuntingsuccessasAgtamen.Arecentstudyofcross-culturalobservationaldatalastingthepast100years—muchofwhichwas___30___byMantheHuntercontributors—foundthatwomenfromawiderangeofcultureshuntanimalsforfood.79percentofthe63societieswithcleardescriptionsoftheirhuntingstrategiesreportedlyfeaturewomen___31___.Thewomenareinvolvedinhuntingregardlessoftheirchildbearingstatus.Muchaboutfemaleexercisescienceandthe___32___ofprehistoricwomenremainstobediscovered.Buttheideathatinthepastmenwerehuntersandwomenwerenotisabsolutely___33___evenbythelimitedevidencewehave.Nowwhenyouthinkof“cavepeople”,wehope,youwillimaginea(n)___34___groupofhunterssurroundingadeerorhittingstonetoolstogetherratherthanaheavy-browedmanwithaheavystickoveroneshoulder.Huntingmayhavebeenremadeasa___35___activityinrecenttimes,butformostofhumanhistory,itbelongedtoeveryone.21.A.food B.labor C.resource D.power22.A.technically B.socially C.physically D.intellectually23.A.culture B.belief C.science D.awareness24.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.simple D.reasonable25.A.emotion B.appearance C.diet D.behavior26.A.injury B.interaction C.growth D.settlement27.A.various B.identical C.outdoor D.manual28.A.takingover B.sufferingfrom C.longingfor D.participatingin29.A.infact B.asawhole C.forinstance D.asaresult30.A.quoted B.ignored C.collected D.stored31.A.supporters B.pioneers C.leaders D.hunters32.A.hobbies B.status C.lives D.rights33.A.established B.unsupported C.developed D.misguided34.A.ever-growing B.self-governing C.mixed-sex D.multi-cultural35.A.team B.sporting C.leisure D.male【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.D26.A27.B28.D29.C30.B31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究认为女性也是人类历史中重要的狩猎者，而不只是男性。文章详述了研究的过程【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该理论认为，人类祖先有一种劳动分工，其根源在于男女之间的生理差异，在这种分工中，男性进化为狩猎和供养，而女性则倾向于抚养孩子和承担家务。A.food食物；B.labor劳动；C.resource资源；D.power权力。根据后文的“inwhichmalesevolvedtohuntandprovide,andfemalestendedtochildrenanddomesticduties.”可知，男性进化为狩猎和供养，而女性则倾向于抚养孩子和承担家务，这是一种劳动分工。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它认为男性在身体上优于女性，怀孕和照顾孩子会降低或消除女性的狩猎能力。A.technically技术上；B.socially社会上；C.physically物理上；D.intellectually智力上。根据后文的“pregnancy(怀孕)andchild-caringreduceoreliminate(根除)afemale’sabilitytohunt.”可知，它认为男性在身体上优于女性。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类猎人在人类进化研究中占据主导地位近半个世纪，并通过流行文化传播。A.culture文化；B.belief信念；C.science科学；D.awareness意识。根据后文的“Itisrepresentedinmuseumdisplaysandtextbookfigures,Saturdaymorningcartoonsandfeaturefilms.”可知，它在博物馆展览、教科书人物、周六上午的卡通片和故事片中都有体现，即通过流行文化传播。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：问题是，这是错误的。A.wrong错误的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.simple简单的；D.reasonable公平的。根据前文的“MantheHunterhasdominatedthestudyofhumanevolutionfornearlyhalfacenturyandspreadthroughpopular3”和后文的“Neandertalfemalesandmalesdonotvaryin6patternsorexhibitsexdifferencesindiseasesfromrepetitiveactions.”和“Observationsofrecentandcontemporarysocietiesprovidedirectevidenceofwomen8hunting.”可知，妇女参与狩猎，故前面的观点是错的。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人