新教材同步系列2024春高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromisePeriod2Lesson1课件北师大版选择性必修第四册

UNIT11

CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISEPeriodTwo

Lesson1课前自主预习Ⅰ．猜词意A．礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的

B．带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的C．房产；所有物；财产

D．(非正式)尽管如此；至少

E．离开，启程

1．Thepriceofpropertyhasrisenenormouslyrecently. (

)2．Agreatdealofbitterexperiencehadtaughthimhowtolosegracefully. (

)【答案】1—2

CB

3．Theoldwomanwithalongreddresshadapleasantface. (

)4．Thereasonforhisdeparturewasthathewantedtolookafterhismother. (

)5．Anyhow,Iwouldliketoaskyoualltotakemeback. (

)【答案】3—5

AED

Ⅱ．猜单词拼写1．__________v.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼→brothern.(形近词)兄弟(参考：follow→fellow)

2．violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→__________n.暴力行为；暴力(参考：important→importance)

3．departv.离开；出发→__________n.离开，启程(参考：furnish→furniture)

【答案】1．bother

2．violence

3．departure

4．pleasantadj.礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→__________adj.(反义词)令人不快的，不舒服的；

不友善的，不客气的5．suspectingadj.怀疑的→__________adj.无提防之心的，无疑心的(参考：necessary→unnecessary)

【答案】4．unpleasant

5．unsuspecting

Ⅲ．完成句子1．Comeoverhereandhelpme__________theleftoverfood.过来帮我把剩下的食物打包。【答案】1．packup

2．Whenwe_____________theterriblesmell,Dadsaidthestrongerthemanure,thehealthierthecrops.当我们抱怨味道难闻时，爸爸说肥料味道越大，庄稼越健壮。3．Police_________inconnectionwithoneoftheattacks.警方逮捕了与其中一次袭击有关的5名青年男子。【答案】2．complainedabout

3．arrestedfiveyoungmen

4．Theyareunable_____________theincreasingsaltcontentoftheMediterranean.他们无法忍受地中海里升高的含盐量。5．I’msorryto__________,butcouldyoudirectmetothestation?很抱歉打扰你，你能告诉我去车站的路吗?【答案】4．totolerate

5．botheryou

Ⅳ．预备语法(情态动词)

写出下面各句中黑体词部分情态动词的含义1．Ithinknoonecanbecomparedwithhiminplayingbasketball. (

)2．—Mustyouinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?—Sorrysir,butit’surgent. (

)【答案】1．能2．必须3．Ishouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon,butIwonderifIwillbefree. (

)4．—Look!Therecomesourheadteacher.—Thatcan’tbehim.HeisinIndonesia. (

)5．Youmustn’tgooutatnightalone.It’sdangerous.(

)【答案】3．应该4．不可能5．绝不能；一定不要课文语篇研读一、阅读理解

(

)1．WhatcausedMaMing’sneighbourstobedrivenmadlateatnight?A．Singingsongs.B．Thenoiseofdrumming.C．Holdingparties.D．Complaintsfromotherpeople.【答案】B(

)2．OneneighbouralsoclaimedthatMaMinghadabadinfluenceonhis________.A．son B．daughter

C．oldparents D．wife

【答案】A(

)3．WheredidthewriterfindMaMingtoknowmoreabouttheincident?A．InBeijing. B．InXi’an.C．InGuangzhou. D．InShanghai.【答案】D(

)4．WhospentaSaturdaynightinacellatlast?A．JamesMcKay. B．KeithSmith.C．Laurene. D．MaMing.【答案】A(

)5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．JamesMcKayis80yearsold.B．KeithSmithwashitovertheheadbyJamesMcKaywithawalkingstick.C．KeithSmithmovedintotheflataboveJamesMcKayabouttwoweeksago.D．JamesMcKayisaretiredtailor,akeengardenerandastampcollector.【答案】D

二、判断正误

(

)1．MaMingmovedoutofhisrentedflatbecauseofhisdrumminglateatnight.(

)2．Theflat-ownerhadknownMaMing’sjobbeforeherentedhisflattoMaMing.【答案】1—2TF

(

)3．Neighboursweren’thappyevenMaMingmovedoutofthisneighbour-hood.(

)4．Infact,McKayisusuallyapeacefulandpleasantperson.(

)5．Laurenedarednotgoontoherbalconybecausetherewassomethingscared.【答案】3—5FTF

三、课文语法填空

MaMing,adrummerandbachelor,heldpartieseverynight,1.______hascausedmanycomplaintsfromhisneighboursabout2.________(lose)ofsleep.Theysaytheywerebeingdrivenmad3.______(expose)tosuchnoise.Sincehemovedintothebuilding,theyhave4.______(rare)gotafullnight’ssleep.【答案】1．which

2．loss

3．exposed

4．rarely

Theyevencouldn’tget5.______(relax)orreadwithoutpluggingtheirears.Moreover,oneneighbourthinksMaMingis6.______alcoholicandhadabadinfluence7.______hisson.Finally,thelocalcounciltookaction.MaMinghadtoleavehis8.______(furnish)apartment.His9.______(depart)hasmadehisneighbours’lifereturn10.______normal.【答案】5．relaxed

6．an

7．on

8．furnished

9．departure

10．to

课堂新知讲练1．complaintn.投诉

(P30)Hemovedoutofhisrentedflataftercomplaintsfromhisneighboursaboutdisturbingthepeace.【翻译】在接到他的邻居们关于扰乱安宁的投诉后，他搬离了自己租用的公寓。

词汇拓讲complaint

n.怨言；牢骚；抗议；控告；控诉；抱怨；诉苦；发牢骚；控诉状；疾病makeacomplaintabout…

对……提出投诉complainv.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚complaintosbabout/ofsth向某人抱怨某事

【语言提升】Theyarguedhimintowithdrawinghiscomplaint.他们说服他撤回了投诉。Eczemaisacommonskincomplaintwhichoftenrunsinfamilies.湿疹是一种常见的皮肤病，常会遗传。Mymaincomplaintisthatwecan’tgooutontheracecourseanymore.我抱怨的主要缘由是我们无法再去外面的赛道了。Inaccordancewithspecificconditions,complaintsandclaimsmaybemadetotheexporter,importer,insurancecompanyorshippingcompany.根据具体情况，投诉和索赔可向出口商、进口商、保险公司或运输公司提出。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Peoplehavebeenreluctanttomakeformal____________(complaint)tothepolice.(2)Ifyoucan’tgetanysatisfaction,complain_______theparkowner.【答案】(1)complaints

(2)to

完成句子(3)Ifyou_________________yourholiday,pleaseinformusinwriting.如果你对自己的假期有意见，请以书面形式告知我们。【答案】(3)haveacomplaintabout

(4)Iwishto_________________acamerawhichIboughtatyourplaceaweekago.我要对我一周前从贵处购买的一台照相机提出投诉。(5)Inviewofthis,Ihavedecidedto________________yourdeliveryservice.鉴于此，我已决定对您的送货服务正式提出投诉。【答案】(4)makeacomplaintabout

(5)makeaformalcomplaintagainst

2．ceasevt.&vi.停止，终止，结束

(P30)Wetoldhimthatheoughttoceasedrummingorleavetheproperty…

【翻译】我们告诉他应该停止打鼓，否则就搬走……

ceasedoing/todo停止做ceasefromdoing停止做cease也可用作名词，意为“停止”

ceaselessadj.不断的；不停的ceaselesslyadv.不断地；不停地

【语言提升】Imustaskyoutoceasetalkingagainstyourowncomrades.我必须请求你不要讲自己同志的坏话。Ceasetostruggleandyouceasetolive.生命不息，奋斗不止。Weworkedwithoutceasetogettheprojectfinishedontime.我们不停地工作以便按时完成计划。Wearenotatrest;weareonajourney—ourlifeisamovement,atendency,asteady,ceaselessprogresstowardsanunseengoal.我们不是在休息，我们在旅途中——生命是一种运动，一种趋势，一个稳步、持续的通往一个未知目标的过程。He,onhischair,scarcelylooksatherandsmokesceaselessly.他坐在椅子上，不怎么看她，只是不停地抽烟。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Youcease________(grow)onceyoustoplearning.(2)Thereisa__________(cease)strugglefromnoontonight.【答案】(1)growing/togrow

(2)ceaseless

(3)Thepapersshowed“a__________(cease)questbyscientistsoverthecenturies…totestandbuildonourknowledgeofhumankindandtheuniverse.”

(4)Theorganworks__________(cease),beating100,000timesaday,40milliontimesayear—intotalclockingupthreebillionheartbeatsoveranaveragelifetime.【答案】(3)ceaseless

(4)ceaselessly

完成句子(5)Thegeneralorderedhistroops_____________.那位将军命令他的军队停火。(6)Ithinkandthinkand___________________.我想了又想，一直想个没完。【答案】(5)toceasefire

(6)cannotceasefromthinking

(7)Everyonehopesthattomorrow’snegotiation_____________________.每个人都希望明天的谈判可以停止这场战争。【答案】(7)canceasethewar

3．departuren.离开，起程

(P30)MaMing’sdeparturehaspleasedhisneighbours.【翻译】马明的离开让他的邻居们高兴起来了。departvi.离开；起程；违背；偏离departedadj.已故的；过去的，以往的departurefrom离开；违反；违背pointofdeparture出发点departuretime出发时间；撤离时间；起飞时间departuredate启程日期；离开日期

【语言提升】Acomputerscreenshowsarrivalanddeparturetimes.电脑屏幕显示出到达和离开的时间。Suchamovewouldhavebeenastartlingdeparturefromtradition.这一举措原本会是对传统习俗惊人的背离。Apartfromthatapartment,thedeparteddepartmentleaderwaspartlypartialtothisone.除了那套公寓外，已故的系领导还有点偏爱这一套。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Thereare120arrivalsand________(depart)everyday.(2)________(depart)fromherusualroutine,shetookthebustowork.【答案】(1)departures

(2)Departing

(3)Shewaiteduntilthelastoftheguests________(depart).(4)Hiscourageforsookhimashekneltandsaidaprayerforhis________(depart)friend.【答案】(3)haddeparted

(4)departed

完成句子(5)She____________thetexttotellananecdotejustnow.她刚才脱离课文扯到一段轶事上去了。(6)Iknowitisjusta_____________forthenextjourney.我清楚这才是另一段旅程的出发点。【答案】(5)departedfrom

(6)pointofdeparture

(7)Ifyour________________isnotinit,pleasecontactusforotherfaresandschedules.如果您的出发日期不在这段时间，请与我们联络有关价钱及时间。【答案】(7)departuredate

4．voten.投票(指行为)；票数

(P30)Wetookavoteandcametoaresolution.【翻译】我们投票表决通过了一项决议。takeavote投票表决vote也可以用作动词，表示“投票；表决”

votefor投票赞成voteon就……表决

voteagainst投票反对votern.选民

【语言提升】Theturnoutwasatleast62percentofregisteredvoters.至少有62%的登记选民参加了投票。Aproposaltomergethetwocompanieswasvotedthroughyesterday.两家公司合并的建议已于昨日投票通过。UnderSenaterules,thechambermustvoteonthebillbythisFriday.根据规定，参议院必须在本星期五以前投票表决此项议案。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Hemanagedtoconvince______(vote)thathewasforreal.(2)Toattractmoreusers,themobileappallowsuserstovote__________thebooktheyhopetolistentomost.(3)Thedirectorshavejust__________(vote)themselvesahugepayincrease.【答案】(1)voters

(2)for

(3)voted

完成句子(4)Hecalledallthememberstogetherandthenthey________________.他召集所有的会员，然后他们进行了投票。【答案】(4)tookavote

5．prejudicedadj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的

(P30)MaMingfeltthattheywereprejudicedagainsthim.【翻译】马明觉得他们对他有偏见。【语言提升】beprejudicedagainst对……有偏见prejudice用作名词时，表示“偏见”

prejudice还可用作动词，表示“使……有偏见；损害”

Trynottobeprejudicedagainstanyonejustbecausehistasteisdifferentfromyours.不要只因别人与你品味不同就对他怀有偏见。Herstudywasnotinanywayintendedtoprejudicethefuturedevelopmentofthecollege.她的研究绝对无意损害该学院的未来发展。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Practisingtolerancecanserveastheantidoteto__________(prejudiced)andhatred.(2)Thereportwasheldbackforfearof_________(prejudice)histrial.【答案】(1)prejudice

(2)prejudicing

完成句子(3)Weshouldtrynotto________________others.我们应该尽量不要对别人产生偏见。【答案】(3)beprejudicedagainst

6．remoteadj.偏僻的，偏远的

(P30)Anyhow,I’mnowlookingforaremotehouseontheedgeofthecity.【翻译】尽管如此，我正在这个城市的边缘寻找一个偏僻的房子。remoteadj.(时间)遥远的，久远的；(在血统、因果等方面)关系疏远的；远程的，远程连接的；不很友好的，冷漠的；绝少的；微乎其微的

n.遥控装置；遥控器remotecontrol遥控，遥控装置，遥控操作remotelyadv.遥远地；偏僻地；(程度)极微地，极轻地remotenessn.遥远；偏僻；细微；时间久远

【语言提升】Shewasasilentgirl,coolandremote.她是一个沉默寡言的女孩，对人冷漠且孤傲。Idon’thavetheremotestideawhatyou’retalkingabout.你在说什么我一点都不懂。Thereisstillaremotechancethattheywillfindheralive.他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。Thechurchisremotelysituatedonthenorthcoastoftheisland.教堂位于这个岛偏僻的北部海岸。【易混辨析】distant,far,remote这些形容词都含有“远的”之意。distant语意最强，强调距离。far除特殊情况外，侧重长距离；也可用作引申意义。remote侧重指离中心地有利的地方很远。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Wehadneverseenanything______(remote)likeitbefore.(2)His________(remote)madeherfeelunloved.(3)Themostseriousattacksareperformed________(remote)usingonlyIPconnectivity.【答案】(1)remotely

(2)remoteness

(3)remotely完成句子(4)Itworksby________________.它通过遥控工作。(5)Thathappened_________________.那发生在遥远的过去。(6)Theylivedin___________________.他们住在一个偏僻的山村。【答案】(4)remotecontrol

(5)intheremotepast

(6)aremotemountainvillage

7．pleasantadj.礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的

(P31)McKay’swife,Laurenesaidthat,whileMcKayisusuallyapeacefulandpleasantperson,hehadbeendriventothisactofviolencebyliterallygettingwetjustoncetoooften.【翻译】迈奇的妻子劳伦说，迈奇通常是一个平和又友善的人，然而，这次暴力确实是由之前多次被淋湿而逼迫所致。pleasantsensation快感haveapleasantjourney一路顺风pleasantlyadv.愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地pleasantlysurprised惊喜pleasantlycool清爽宜人pleasantnessn.愉快；快乐；和蔼可亲

【语言提升】Throughoutthemeal,shewasextremelypleasant.一顿饭吃下来，她都和善极了。Thiswasanewandpleasantrevelation.这是一个令人愉快的新的启示。Timeworeonpleasantly,andlikewisesmoothly,onthewhole.总的来说，日子过得很愉快，也很顺利。Participantswereaskedtoratetheageoftheface,theattractivenessoftheface,andthepleasantnessoftheodor.参与者们被要求评判面容年龄、面部吸引力和气味的好闻程度。【易混辨析】happy,glad,cheerful,joyful,merry,delightful,gay,pleasant,nice这些形容词均含“愉快的，高兴的”之意。happy侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。glad是最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语；指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表示愉快的心情。cheerful多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈。joyful语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。merry指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。delightful指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。gay侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。pleasant侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。nice语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Sherememberedthe__________(pleasant)oftheevening.(2)“There,sitdown,sitdown，”saidtheRat______(pleasant),“andgoonwithyourporridge.”

【答案】(1)pleasantness

(2)pleasantly

完成句子(3)Springisa________________.春天是一个宜人的季节。(4)Wehad________________.我们度过了一段愉快的时光。【答案】(3)pleasantseason

(4)apleasanttime

(5)Springtemperaturesarecomfortablywarm,andfalltemperaturesare________________.春天温暖宜人，秋天凉爽泌心。【答案】(5)pleasantlycool

8．recallvi.&vt.回想，回忆起

(P31)“ItwasJames’birthday，”Laurenerecalled,“anditwassuchabeautifulnighttoenjoythestarrynightoutside…”

【翻译】“那时是詹姆斯的生日，”劳伦回忆道，“也是在户外欣赏星空的一个美好的夜晚……”

recall

v.记得；回想；回忆起；叫回；召回；提醒；使人想起；使忆起；使想起；回索

n.召回；记忆；检索率；罢免；回索率recallableadj.可回忆的；可召回的；可撤销的【语言提升】recalltolife使苏醒recallsbtolife使某人苏醒beyondrecall不可挽回；不能记起recallfrom从……处召回recalltomind回想起；回忆起；记得

Icanrecallstoriesthatmymothertoldmeyearsago.我仍能记得我的母亲多年前给我讲的故事。HendersonrecalledthathefirstmetPollardduringabusinesstriptoWashington.亨德森记起他是在一次去华盛顿出差的途中第一次与波拉德相识的。【易混辨析】memorise,remember,recall,recollect,remind这些动词均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。(1)memorise指有意识地下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。(2)remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。(3)recall通常指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。(4)recollect指在记忆中搜索，设法想起一时想不起的事情或人，强调过程。(5)remind指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件遗忘之事。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Hetried____________(recall)thelayoutofthefarmhouse.(2)Theywerepaidonlyanaverageworker’swageandwere____________(recall)atanytime.(3)“IwassoheartbrokenwhenIsawhim.Icannotdescribeit.”saidhiselderbrother,XuLinfu,________(recall)hisfirstvisitthere.【答案】(1)torecall

(2)recallable

(3)recalling

完成句子(4)Itisadecision______________.那是一项无法挽回的决定。(5)Itissaidthattheyoungman’stimelyfirstaid_________.据说那个年轻人及时的急救使她苏醒过来。(6)I_________________whereIhaveseenherbefore.我想不起来以前在哪儿见过她。【答案】(4)beyondrecall

(5)recalledhertolife

(6)cannotrecalltomind

1．(P30)Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.【翻译】房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。【句式剖析】if在此表示“如果”，“hehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer”是表示过去的虚拟语气。

句式解读【句式提升】(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“If＋主语＋动词过去式(be动词用were)，主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。Iftheweatherwerefine,wewouldgotoShanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。(事实上天气不好)

Iftheyhadtime,theywould/could/mightgowithme.如果他们有时间，他们就会(可能)和我一起去。(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“If＋主语＋had＋动词的-ed形式，主语＋would/could/should/mighthave＋动词的-ed形式”。IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldn’t/wouldn’t/couldn’thavemadesuchamistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果，其句型为“If＋主语＋动词过去式/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形，主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。Theglasswouldbreakifyoudroppedit.杯子摔下来会打破的。(事实上没有摔下来)

Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)会得救。【针对练习】完成句子(1)IfIhadreadthebook,I__________youaboutit.如果我已经读了这本书，我会告诉你关于它的内容的。(2)Ifhestudiedatthisschool,he__________theenvironmentaroundtheschoolverymuch.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会非常了解周边环境。【答案】(1)wouldhavetold

(2)wouldknow

(3)Ifhe_________toHarvardUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.如果他上了哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。【答案】(3)shouldgo

2．(P30)Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.【翻译】获得充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，而且，在这样一系列的抱怨之后，我们不得不采取行动。【句式剖析】“Gettingenoughsleep”是动词的-ing形式短语，在本句中充当主语。【句式提升】动词的的-ing形式是英语中的非谓语动词形式之一，起名词的作用。在动词的-ing形式短语中，动词的-ing形式还保留动词的属性，如可以带有自己的宾语、状语等。(1)动词的-ing形式作主语的类型：①直接位于句首作主语。Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.在夏季，游泳是个很好的运劢。②用it作形式主语，把动词的-ing形式(真正的主语)后置，其常见的句型为“It＋be＋名词或形容词＋动词的-ing形式”。常用于该句型的名词和形容词有：use,nouse,good,nogood,awasteoftime,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。Itisworthwhilereadingthebook.读这本书是值得的。③用于“Therebe”句型中。Thereisnosayingwhenhe’llcome.很难说他什么时候会来。④用于No开头的祈使句中。Nosmokinginpublicareas.公共场所禁止吸烟。⑤动词的-ing形式的复合结构作主语。当动词的-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动词的-ing形式的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格作动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语)。Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。(2)动词的-ing形式作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词的-ing形式作主语多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，动词不定式作主语则多用来表示特指或具体动作。试比较：Iftimepermits,havingapicnicisagoodchoice.若时间充足，去野餐是一个很好的选择。Tofinishthistaskwilltakealongtime.完成这项任务将会花费很长时间。注意：

①在“Itisnouse…”

“Itisnogood…”

“Itisfun…”

“Itisawasteoftime…”等句型中，通常用动词的-ing形式作真正的主语。Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.谈论那件事没有用/没有好处/浪费时间。②在疑问句中，通常用动词的-ing形式的复合结构，而不用动词不定式的复合结构作主语。Doesyoursayingthatmeananythingtohim?③当句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一。Seeingisbelieving.(＝Toseeistobelieve.)

【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Thereisno__________(joke)aboutsuchmatters.(2)Itisnogood__________(learn)withoutpractice.(3)__________(walk)ismysoleexercise.(4)__________(talk)mendsnoholes.【答案】(1)joking

(2)learning

(3)Walking

(4)Talking

完成句子(5)_______________isapleasure.和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(6)__________________isinteresting.爬山很有趣。【答案】(5)Workingwithyou

(6)Climbingmountains

(7)_______________duringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(8)__________photosisprohibitedhere.这里禁止拍照。【答案】(7)Drivingacar

(8)Taking

突破语法【例句观察】1．Policehadtobreakupthecrowd.2．Icouldn’ttrusthimanymore.3．Yououghttohavebeenmorecareful.4．Youdon’thavetoworryonthatthing.5．Shedarednotbreatheawordofittoanybody.□观察领悟【我的领悟】以上每个句子中都含有情态动词。其中，

________和

______是表示过去的意义。haveto用于否定句中时，前面要加

__________。Keys：hadto,dared;助动词一、定义

情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩。□情态动词二、位置

情态动词通常放在谓语动词之前，

谓语动词前若有hardly,scartely等程度副词时，则置于程度副词之前。在疑问句中，

情态动词则置于主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!

你怎能那样对待我们！三、用法

情态动词无人称和数的变化，

情态动词后的动词需用原形，变为否定句时只需在情态动词后面加“not”。

个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，

过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，

时态性不强，

可用于过去、现在或将来时。情态动词没有被动语态，也没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。Wecan’tcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那重重的箱子。Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.她不敢说她所想的。四、几个重要的情态动词

1．haveto

haveto意为“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要，有被动接受的意思。haveto可用于过去时，没有疑问句形式，其疑问句用must代替，其否定式为don’thaveto，表示“不必”。Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.我现在得走了，因为我母亲还在医院。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，因此我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

Theteachersaidthatthereweremanymistakesinmytestpaper,soIhadtogooveritagain.老师说我的试卷中有很多错误，所以我只好再检查一遍。Youdon’thavetogothere.我不必去那里。2．dare

意为“敢于”。作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，其过去式形式为dared。—Dareyoutellherthetruth?—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.——你敢告诉她真相吗?——是的，我敢。/不，我不敢。Hedaren’tadmitthis.他不敢承认这件事。HowdareyousayI’munfair?你怎么敢说我不公平呢?3．can/could

can/could表示“可以；能够；会；可能”。表示过去有能力时要用could。表示请求时，在口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。在肯定句中表推测时，通常用could(可能)，但在否定句中表推测时，则用can’t(不可能)。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得真。IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.我现在可以流利地说英语了，但是去年不行。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗?Youmustn’tsmokewhileyou’rewalkingaroundinthewoods.Youcouldstartafire.当你在树林里走时请勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。Couldyouhavehercallmebackwhenshegetshome,please?当她回家时，您能叫她给我回个电话吗?IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignhere.我想知道我是否可以请您在这里签名。—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourse,youcan.—No,I’mafraidnot/No，youcan’t/No，youmaynot.——我能借用你的词典吗?——是的，当然可以。——不，恐怕不行。4．oughtto

oughtto表示“应该；应当”，也可表示义务或责任，比should语气重；还可用来表示推测。oughtto的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意(客观推测)。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用oughtto。Yououghttotakecareofhim.你应该照看他。—OughtIgonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.——我现在应该去吗?——是的，你应该去。/不，你不应该去。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该带那个孩子来这里。Heoughttobehomebynow.现在他应该在家里。完成句子1．You__________anything.你们什么都不敢说。2．IthinkI__________getbacktowork.我想我应该重新工作了。【答案】1．darenotsay

2．oughtto