人教版中考英语语法填空专题复习讲义

语法填空专题训练1．考点语法填空以语篇为基础，考查综合语言运用能力。包括动词时态、动词语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句(定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句)以及并列句的连接词和构词法(词类转换)等。一般考点不重复。2.解题步骤确定已给提示词单词的词义(动词、名词、形容词、副词)(无提示词的考介词、连词、冠词)判定考点和词性→根据空前空后提示词或词法和句法判定所填的词形→填不了的空细读并翻译句子、分析句子成分→代入检查，前后连贯3.解题策略类型一：无提示词，即纯空格类(一般有3个或4个)。主要填写：冠词、介词、连词。1．冠词（a,an,the）冠词是位于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。首先，要判断设空处表示特指还是泛指。若表示特指(双方熟悉、上文已提到)就用定冠词(the)；若表示泛指“一个”，就用不定冠词(a/an),a＋辅音音素开头的单词，an＋元音音素开头的单词。其次，要注意固定词组中的冠词的用法。如：(1)AsastudentinmodernChina,everybodyshouldworkhardtolivemeaningfullife.(2)ItissaidthatPandaYaYawillliverestofherlifeinherhometown,China.2．介词(含动词短语中的介词)时间介词：in年in月in季节，on日期/星期，at时间点填常用介词的基本用法，习惯搭配或固定短语中的介词(动词短语和介词短语)。如：(1)Shenzhou16wassentupintospacethemorningofMay30,2023.(2)It'simpolitetolaughothersintrouble.3．连词(and，but,although,so)连词包括并列连词和从属连词两种。特别注意平行结构连词前后的词性和形式要一致。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处通常填并列连词。根据两句之间的意义、逻辑关系或者句式结构，确定是并列句(填并列连词)还是主从复合句(填从属连词)。如：(1)Hehasfailedmanytimes，heneverlosesheart.(2)—Alice,Iwonderyouwonthetug－of－war(拔河比赛)yesterday.—Yeah!Wepulledtogetherandmadeitintheend.类型二：有提示词，实词为主(一般为6－7个)。主要对提示词进行词形转化，动词的时态、语态，主谓一致和非谓语动词方面的考查4．名词名词单复数，考查名词的数、名词的格和名词的习惯搭配。首先考虑该名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，可数名词就要考虑用复数情况。其次是名词的所有格以及词性转化。给出冠词后要填名词，冠词和名词之间可以用形容词来修饰。如果设空前有表示复数意义的限定词，如oneof,different,various,some,several,many,afew,alotof,anumberof,lotsof等，或者谓语动词用复数形式，就填提示词(该名词)的复数形式。如：(1)Thevolunteersangasongtodraw(child)attention.(2)Withthehelpofarobot,Eddiehasno(difficult)cleaninghishouse.5．形容词和副词考查形容词和副词之间的相互转化，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法，以及加表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀等。第一步，确定提示词是形容词，判定形容词在句中作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，还是副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或者句子。第二步，根据信号词确定要填比较级还是最高级。第三步，前缀或后缀形容词。(1)Inthefolkstory,theamazingwhitesnakeis(lucky)savedbyayoungman.(2)TheYangtzeRiverisoneof(long)riversintheworld.(3)Idon'tliketositonthese(wood)chairs.Theyare(comfortable)．6．代词代词(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词三大类五小项，例如：he/him/his/his/himself)、不定代词。特别注意it的用法：指代内容、作形式主语、形式宾语以及用在固定句型中的用法，it可盲填。根据句子成分判断所填代词是人称代词、物主代词还是反身代词。设空处作主语，用人称代词主格；设空处作宾语、表语用人称代词宾格。设空处作定语，用形容词性物主代词；设空处相当于形容词性物主代词＋名词，用名词性物主代词(名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语)。当主语和宾语为同一人或物时，用反身代词。反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。如：(1)It'sneithertoocoldnortoohotallyearroundinKunming,makingaperfectplacetoliveinorvisit.(2)(we)teachertalkedto(we)aboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.(3)Thinkaboutitandask(you)：haveyoureallydoneeverythingright?7．数词注意基数词和序数词之间的转化。若提示词是基数词，通常就填序数词。注意固定搭配，后缀－teen、－ty的变化，以及一些特殊形式变化once/twice。如：(1)ThispieceofmusicissobeautifulthatI'dliketolistentoita(two)time.(2)Thereare(hundred)ofbirdsinthesky.8．动词(谓语动词和非谓语动词)提示词是动词时，看结构，定语态(主动语态还是被动语态)，定时态(根据时间状语或上下文动词形式)，看主谓一致(主语决定谓语动词的单复数)。句子如果缺谓语动词(名词或代词后：主语后面所缺的)，首先考虑填谓语动词(重点是看时态、语态、主谓一致)形式。句子如果已经有了谓语动词，则要看句中是否出现了并列连词，若出现了并列连词，则要填并列谓语动词。最后考虑填非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式包括动词不定式(todo),动词的－ing形式(动名词和现在分词)以及动词的过去分词。并根据它们的不同用法，以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定非谓语动词的具体使用形式。如：(1)Ifthis(go)on,thewildanimalswillsoonhavenowheretolive.(2)ChatGPT,anAIchatbot,(develop)byOpenAIandmetthepublicinNovember,2022.9．词类转换首先要清楚英语句子成分，要明白什么词类在句中作什么成分，什么成分用什么词类的词来充当。作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词、另一副词，或修饰全句。如：(1)Amyismybestfriend.She'salwaystheretobeagood(listen)．(2)Somepeopledon'tlikethefruit(simple)becauseofsmell.（一）[2023长沙]DoyouknowWorldLetterWritingDay?Itfalls1.______Septemberlsteveryyear.ItwassetupbyRichardSimpkinin2014.Heencouragedpeople2._________(take)abreakfromtoday'ssocialmedia(媒体)andwritealettertosomeonebyhand.Whoshouldyouwriteto?Thinkaboutafriendorrelativethatlivesfaraway.Aparentorbestfriendwouldalsolovetoreceive3.__________(you)letter.Howdoyouwritealetter?4._________(general)speaking,aletterincludestheseparts.Thedateandagreeting(问候语)suchas“Dear.,”shouldbeatthetopoftheletter.Aclosingsuchas“Love”or“Yourstruly”needstofollowthebody.Enditby5.__________(sign)it.Whyshouldyoupickupapenandwritealetter?Itisasurprisethatmaymakesomeone'sday.It’s6.__________goodwaytoshowpeoplethatyouhavebeenthinkingofthem.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes7.___________(enjoy)memories(回忆).Somepeoplesave8._______(letter)andlookatthemovertheyears.Arecentstudyshowsthatletterwriting9._______(make)thewriterhappy,too.“HandwritingisyourDNA.It'syourfingerprintthatonlyyoucansharewithothers,”saidRichardSimpkin.So,getsomepaper10._________pickupapen.Startwritingalettertoday!

(二)[2022长沙]TheNetherlandsneedsthousandsofnewhousesbecausethecountry1._____(have)agrowingpopulation.Anyway,itmaynothavetobuildallthosehouses.Someof2._______(they)canbeprinted.3._________(recent),thegovernmenthasbeenworkingtogetherwithauniversityandsomebuildingcompanies(公司)tobuildhousesthatarefully3D－printed.Asvolunteers,anoldcouplehasbecomethefirstpeopleinEuropetomoveintosuch4.______house.Withtwo5.______________(bedroom)andabiglivingroom,thehousewasbuiltlayer(层)bylayer,usingahuge3Dprinterandspecialcement(水泥)．Afterbeingprintedout,thehouse6._____________(carry)byatrucktothebuildingsite,andaroof(屋顶)andwindowswerelateradded.Ittookaround120hours7.______________(finish)this3D－printedhouse.Usually,ittakesaboutoneortwoyearstobuildahouseinthe8.______________(tradition)way.Thecouplewilllive9._____thishouseforsixmonths,withamonthlypayof800euros(欧元).Thecostseemsalittlebithigh,buttheythinkitismuchcheaper10._______livinginthehotel.(三)[2021长沙]Henryis1.____Americanbusinessman.Oneday,whenhewassailing(航行)onaboatnearSanFrancisco,hewascarriedoutintotheseabyastrongwind.2.________(luck),hewasdiscoveredandpickedupbyaLondon－bound(开往伦敦的)ship.Sohe3.________(land)inLondonbyaccident.Aloneand4._________(hunger),hewalkedonthestreetsofthecity.Unexpectedly,he5.____________(call)intoabighouse.Theretworich6.__________(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtold7.________(he)nottoopenituntiltwoo'clockoftheday.Henrydidn'tknowitwasamillion－pound(百万英镑)banknote.Heleftthebighouseandwentintoacheaprestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.Everyonewasimpoliteandimpatienttohim.Why?8.__________hewasinrags(衣衫褴褛)andlookeddirty.Then,9._____everyone'ssurprise,hehandedtheowneramillion－poundbanknotetopayforthemeal.Onseeingthenote,allthepeopleintherestaurantbecamefriendlyandtriedtheirbest10._________(please)Henry.Don'tyouthinkit'sthemostunbelievablestoryintheworld?(四)[2023怀化]Manypeopleoftenleavetheirhometownstoworkinthecities.ZhangBin,61___46-year-oldmanfromHuaihua,isonesuchperson.He62___(work)inashoefactoryinWenzhou.He63(real)misseshishometown.Moreandmorehometownsaredeveloping64(fast)thanbefore.Largehospitalsandnewschoolsarebuilt.Therearemanynewroadsand65___(bridge).Thishasmadetravelingbetweenvillages_66___citiesmucheasier.Thankstothenewroadsaroundhisvillage,ZhangBinwillnowbeable_67___(open)anonlineshopthatsellsdeliciousfoodfromhishometown.ZhangBinthinksthechanges_68___(be)greatinhishometown.Heisveryhappyaboutthenewschoolinhisvillage._69___,hebelievesthatonethingwillneverchange—thelovelyoldtree.Thehometownistheplacethatholds70_(he)bestmemories.（五）[2022怀化]JourneytotheWestis61traditionalChinesebook.ThemonkeykingorSunWukongisoneofthemaincharactersinthebook.Themonkeyking,whoislovedby62(China)children,isnotjustanormalmonkey.Hecanmake72changesto63(he)shapeandsize,turninghimselfintodifferent64 (animal)andobjects.Themonkeykingusesamagicsticktofightbadpeople65(brave).Sometimes,hecanmakethestick66smallthathecankeepitinhisear.AndassoonastheTVprogramme67(come)outmorethan30yearsago,childrenbecameinterested68readingthisstory.Themonkeykingis69(smart)thanothers.Hekeepsfighting70(help)theweakandnevergivesup.（六）[2023衡阳]OurfamilyboughtanewsmartTVsetlastweek.Itis41________(real)cool!Butwedidn’tknowwhatweshoulddo42________theoldone.ThenI43________(see)anadvertisement(广告)forTech-Help.Tech-HelpdonatessmartTVsetstopeople44________needthem.Sofar,Tech-Helphasdonated(捐赠)45________(many)than2,000smartTVsetstodifferentfamiliesacrossthecountry.LastyeartheygavesmartTVsetstopoorfamilies.46________isveryeasytodonatesmartTVsetstoTech-Help.Yesterday,mybrother47_______ItooktheoldsmartTVsettoalocalshop.Two48________(hour)later,Tech-Helpcollecteditfromtheshop.TheywillcleanthesmartTVsetandmakeitbetter.Rightnow,Tech-HelpisgivingsmartTVsetstofamiliesinXinjiang.Thereareabout50familiesonthe49________(wait)list.TheybelievetheywillgetthesmartTVsetssoon.I’m50________(excite)wecoulddosomethingtohelpothers!(七)[2022衡阳]Anewreportpredictsthatby2050,halfoftheworld’spopulation(around4.8billionpeople)willbeshortsighted.Themedicalnameforthisismyopia(近视).Itisalso(41)__________(call)nearsightedness.(42)_________wehavemyopia,wecan’tseethethingsfarawayfromus.Itistruethatmoreandmorepeoplehavemyopia.It’sabadsituation.Accordingtothedatareleased(发布)bytheNationalHealthCommission,Chinaisabigcountryofmyopia,andalmost90percent(43)_________youngChinesepeoplearenear-sighted.Childrenagedbetweensixandten(44)_______havemyopiaaremorelikelytosufferfromseveremyopiainthefuture.Someexpertsmakeaprediction(45)____________(recent).Intheopinion,therewillbeseventimesmorepeoplewithmyopiain2050thantherewereintheyear2000.Theresearcherssaythatthenumberofpeoplewithmyopiawillincreasebecauseofdifferentreasons.Lookingatcomputerscreensandmobilephonesmaybethemajorreason.Theincreasemayhavesomethingtodowithlifestyle(46)___________(change).Now,peoplespend(47)__________(little)timeoutdoorsthanbefore.Asciencejournalistsaysthat(48)__________(spend)moretimeoutdoorsinearlychildhoodcanreducethechancesofgettingmyopia.Aresearcheroncesaid.“Youcanspendtimeoncomputersandscreens,(49)_________remembertospendtwohoursoutdoorseveryday.Thatis(50)_________foryoureyesight.”(八)[原创试题]Onemorningayoungmanwaswalkingalongthebeach.Hesawaboyfaraway1._________(pick)upsomethingandverygentlythrowingitintothesea.Sotheyoungmanquicklyrantowardshim.Hewassurprisedtofindthattheboywasthrowingthestarfisheswhich2.______________(wash)ontothebeachbythetide(潮汐)backintothesea.“Excuseme,whyareyouthrowingthestarfishesbackintothesea？”Heasked.Theboyreplied,“Sir,youseethesunisupandthetideisgoingout.3.______Idon'tthrowthemintothesea,theywilldie.”“Butdon'tyouthinkitis4.______wasteofyourtimeastherearemilesandmilesofbeachandanumberofstarfishesstilllyingalongit?5.______fact,youcan'tkeepthisactalldaylong.Youcan't6.__________(probable)makeadifference！”Theboyjustsmiled,pickedanotherstarfish,threwitintotheseaandsaid,“Nowithasmadeadifferenceforthatone.Wouldyouliketojoin7.______(I)?Itwouldmakeadifference.”There8.______(be)somethingveryspecialineveryoneofus.Wemusteachfindourownstarfish.Andifwethrowourstarfishwiselyandwell,theworldwillbemuch9._______(good).Wehavebeengiventhe10.______(able)tomakeadifferencetoshapethefuture.(九)[原创试题]Whatisa“catcoffeeshop”？Well,itisacafethathascats.Youcantouchandplaywiththecatswhile1.__________(drink)coffee.Itseems2.______therearemorepetcatsaroundustoday.Andthat'strue.Thereare58.1millionpetcatsinourcountry,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics(国家统计局)．ThenumberofcatownersinChinaisthe3.________(two)largestintheworldaftertheUnitedStates.Oneimportantreasonisthatmoreyoungpeoplearetakingcatsaspets.Maybethat'sbecausecatsarecleanpetsandyoudon'thaveto4.______(walk)them.Morecatsbring5.______(many)jobs.Manypeoplenowworkatpetshopsandhospitals.Butcatscanbeproblems,too.Somepeoplethrowtheirpetcatsaway.Thecatsbecome6.___________(home).Theycanpass7.______diseases.Theyevenhuntandkillother8.__________(animal)likebirdsandfrogs.SoinJapanandAustralia,thegovernmentstake9.______(this)catstoanimalhospitals.Doctorsoperate(做手术)onthem.Sothecats10.______________(can)havebabies.Inthisway,thenumberofcatswillnotgoup.(十)[原创试题]Hereisagreatwayforyou1.____