2023北京广渠门中学高三保温卷英语

2023北京广渠门中学高三保温卷英语考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MywifeandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Butaftermydiagnosiswithabraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethinggreenand1aroundus.Lastyear,myfriendMitchgavemealuckybambooplant.Tendingtotheplantgavemeasenseof2atatimewhenIsometimesfeltuselessbecausemyabilitytomovewaslimited.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewho3care.Wateringtheplant4metoacorepartofmyoldidentityandtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.However,afterseveralweeksgrowinginperfectcondition,theplant5begantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskept6anddroppingtothefloor.“Ican’tevencareforasimpleplant!”Iyelled.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththegreenandgrowingplanthadofferedmecomfort.Butwhenthetreewasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyuneasyand7.ItwasseveralmonthslaterwhenIrecoveredfromsurgerythatIrealizedIhadwronglylinkedmycarefulnurturingoftheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyown8—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Asmy9lessened,Ibegantostudyonlinetutorialstofigureouthowtocareforthetree.Itransplantedittoalargerpot,andwhenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothrive(旺盛)again.NowwheneverIlookatthetreeinitsnewpot,ImakeapointtorelaxandthinkofthethingsIcan10.1.A.alive B.primitive C.delicate D.mature2.A.warmth B.relief C.achievement D.security3.A.valued B.needed C.provided D.lacked4.A.added B.connected C.adapted D.compared5.A.casually B.interestingly C.genuinely D.mysteriously6.A.spreading B.browning C.waving D.dancing7.A.fearful B.innocent C.faithful D.dishonest8.A.dream B.success C.capability D.survival9.A.discontent B.anxiety C.doubt D.sympathy10.A.give B.share C.decide D.preserve第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AWhileengagementhasneverbeenmorechallengingforschoolstoachieve,it’salso11(critical)thanever.Engagementismorethanjustensuringthatlessonsarefun.Upondeeperexamination,engagementandmotivation12(drive)byseveralfactors.Dostudentsgetanopportunitytohelpshapetheirgoalsandtheprocessbywhichtheyarelearningtoachievethem?Doeseverystudentfeel13(support)atschool?Dostudentsunderstandthevalueof14they’relearningandbelievethatthisvalueoutweighsthecostofeffort?Whenthesethingsaretrue,learninghappens.BFacedwithhealthornutritionquestions,itis15(increase)commonforpeopletogoonlineanddiagnosethemselves.ButtheInternetisfullofconflictinghealthwarningswithnoregulationtoremovethewrongadvice,someof16isextremelydangerous!Also,searchenginesrankresultsbypopularityratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.Itisworthexamining17thewriterofanonlinepieceisproperlyqualifiedasanexpert.Remember,onlyofficiallyrecognizedpracticingdoctorsaswellasdietitianshavedegreesingivingmedicalsuggestions.CChildrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdo,accordingtoastudy18(carry)outamongBelgianadults.Graspingalanguage19(require)absorbinglanguagepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’consciousreasoningistoblame.Indeed,when20(begin)tolearnalanguage,youshouldimmerseyourselfinitssounds,even-orespecially-whetheryouaredistractedorlessconscious.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABorninthespiritofinnovationatthe1962World’sFairinSeattle,thePacificScienceCenterhassparkedcuriosityformorethan60yearsasthenation’sfirstscienceandtechnologycenter.Whenvisitingthecenter,weaskgueststofollowthepoliciesandprocedureslistedtoensurethebestexperienceforeveryonevisiting.GeneralVisitorPoliciesPacificScienceCenteriscommittedtocreatinganenvironmentwhereeveryonefeelsvaluedandwelcome,andweexpectourgueststoactinaccordancewiththiscommitment.Allguestsarerequiredtowearshoesifyouenterthecenter.Allyouthage12andundermustbeaccompaniedbyaresponsibleadultorlegalguardianthroughouttheirvisitbecausesomeexperiencesmayrequireadultsupervision(监管).Ifyouwanttolistentomusicduringyouvisit,wekindlyaskthatyouuseheadphonesand/orkeepthevolumeofyourpersonalelectronicdevicesatareasonablelevelsoasnottodisturbotherguests.PleasebeawarethatuseofpersonalelectronicdevicesisnotallowedinourPlanetarium,IMAX,orlaserthearters.TicketingPoliciesForyoursecurity,PrintatHometicketsareindividuallycodedandallowonlyonescanperentry.Ifmorethanonecopyofyourticketisprinted,oraphotocopyismade,onlythefirstscanofthebarcode（条形码）onyourticketwillbeallowedentry.Anysubsequentcopiesattemptingtoscanwillalertstaffthatthetickethasalreadybeenscanned.RefundandExchangePoliciesAllticketsalesarefinalandnon-refundable.Allexchangesmustbeprocessedatleast24hourspriortothetimeanddateoftheeventorreservation.Exchangesarenotallowedafteraneventhasstarted,forticketswithdatesinthepast,orforeventsorreservationsmarkednorefundsorexchanges.PhotoandVideoPoliciesGuestphotographyandvideotapingwithsmall,personalrecordingdevicesispermittedforprivate,non-commercialuse.Tripodsforfilmingandphotographyarenotallowedintheexhibithalls.PhotographsandvideosoftheScienceCentermaynotbepublished,sold,reproducedorotherwisecommerciallyusedwithoutwrittenapprovalfromPacificScienceCenter.ThankyouforfollowingtheseguidelinesandvisitingPacificScienceCenter.Weappreciateyoursupport.Pleasecall(206)443-2001withanyquestion.21.Whichofthefollowingisallowedinthecenter?A.Youthundertheage12participateintheexperimentsalone.B.Usetripodsforfilmingandphotographyintheexhibithalls.C.Takepicturesorvideoswithsmall,personalrecordingdevices.D.UsepersonalelectronicdevicesinPlanetarium,IMAX,orlasertheaters.22.Youcanchangethevisitdateofyourticket_______.A.twodaysbeforethevisitB.within24hoursafterpurchaseC.within8hoursbeforethevisittimeD.afteraneventofthecenterhasstarted23.Thispassageisintendedfor________.A.parentsB.touristsC.tourguidesD.studentsBShespentovertwodecadesworkingherwayupinthescienceindustry,eitherasachemistinalaborinamanagementrole.NowBerkeleyMiddleSchoolteacherMrs.AmyAdamsisemployingherscienceskillsinadifferentenvironment.Shedecidedtomixthingsupabitandcameupwithawinningformulatohelpmakeadifferenceintheclassroom.Mrs.AmyAdamsisourCoolSchoolteacheroftheweek.Shetookacoupleofyearsoffafterhavingchildren.Whilevolunteeringatherkids’school,shewasfascinatedbyeducation.Adamssays,“ThisiswhereIamsupposedtobe.IlovedmyjobandthepeopleIworkedwith,butIjustkeptfeelingunsettled,sofinally,Ichanneledmyenergyintosomethingmeaningful.”Adamssaysshesteppedoutonfaith,andtherestishistory,wellactuallyit’sscience.She’snowinyearsixofteachingseventh-gradescienceatBMS.“Thisismyalmamater.IwalkedthehallsofBerkeleyMiddle.Soitiswithallfourofmychildren.Myyoungestiswalkingthehallsnow.Itjustfeelslikehome,”Adamssaid.Adamsdescribesherteachingstyleasinteractive.Shesays,“Iwantthemtohaveavoiceandlearncriticalthinking,sowefeaturecolorfulactivities.Whetherit’snote-taking,worksheets,doingDNAextractionsonastrawberryordissectingfrogs,theprocessisalwaysinteractive.Bydoingso,Iintendtocultivateacultureoflearningandarousetheirinterestinscience.”LaTanyaButler,principalatBMSsays,“Shewasinthescienceindustry,soshecanrelatetheconceptssheteachestoreallife,whichisoneofthegreatattributestohaveinateacher.”ButlersaysMrs.Adamsalsopushedtoaddanadditionaldaytoherworkweek.“I’vehadtoopenthebuildingatherrequestsoshecanworkonSaturdays.That’sjusttheattitudesheadopts,togooverandbeyondforourstudentshere.IjustappreciateMrs.Adamsforhearingthecalltoswitchtoeducation.IfIcouldcloneMrs.Adamsfiftymoretimes,notonlyBerkeleyMiddlebutschoolsingeneralwouldbenefitfromthatspiritofdedication.”Whenaskedifshemissesworkingintheindustry,Mrs.Adamssays,“I’lltellyouIworkhardernowthanIeverdid,thatI’mmoretirednowthanIeverwas,butIabsolutelylovewhatIdo,andIfeellikewhatI’mdoingmakesadifference.Ican’timaginenotbeinghere.”24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAdams’changingherjob?A．Herloveofeducation.B．Herlackofinspiration.C．Herspiritofvolunteering.D．Herdesireofbeingperfect.25.Adamsusedaninteractiveteachingstyleto______.A.learncriticalthinkingB.enjoyscienceclassesC.havecolorfulactivitiesD.improveteachingeffects26.WhatcanwelearnfromLaTanyaButler’swords?A.Adamscanassociatetheorywithpractice.B.Adams’dedicationwillinspiremoreteachers.C.Adamsworksovertimetoteachstudentsmore.D.Adamsoweshersuccesstoherworkexperience.27.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A.Keeplooking,don’tsettle.B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords．C.Toknowoneselfistrueprogress.D.Liveyourpassion,followyourdreams.CCracksareverycommoninconcretestructuresduetovariouschemicalandphysicalphenomenathatoccurduringeverydayuse.Andtinycrackscanbequiteharmfulbecausetheyprovideaneasyrouteinforliquidsandgases—andtheharmfulsubstancestheymightcontain.Forinstance,micro-crackscanallowwaterandoxygentoinfiltrate(渗透)andthencorrode(腐蚀)thesteel,leadingtostructuralfailure.Butcontinuousmaintenanceandrepairworkisdifficultbecauseitusuallyrequiresanenormousamountoflaborandinvestment.Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtheseharmfulcrackscouldhealthemselveswithouthumanintervention.Theideawasoriginallyinspiredbytheamazingabilityofthehumanbodytohealitselfofcuts,bruisesandbrokenbones.Apersontakesinnutrientswhichthebodyusestoproducenewsubstitutestohealdamagedtissues.Inthesameway,canweprovidenecessaryproductstoconcretetofillincrackswhendamagehappens?Throughlongtimeresearch,scientistshavefoundanunusualcandidatetohelpconcretehealitself:afungus（真菌）calledT.reesei.Itisfoundthatascalciumhydroxidefromconcretedissolvedinwater,thepHofthefungalgrowthmediumincreasedfromaclose-to-neutraloriginalvalueof6.5allthewaytoaveryalkaline13.0.Ofallthefungitested,onlyT.reeseicouldsurvivethisenvironment.DespitethedrasticpHincrease,itsspores（孢子）germinatedandgrewequallywellwithorwithoutconcrete.Scientistsproposeincludingfungalspores,togetherwithnutrients,duringtheinitialmixingprocesswhenbuildinganewconcretestructure.Whentheinevitablecrackingoccursandwaterfindsitswayin,thedormantfungalsporeswillgerminate.Astheygrow,they’llworkasacatalyst(催化剂)withinthecalcium-richconditionsoftheconcretetopromoteprecipitationofcalciumcarbonatecrystals.Thesemineraldepositscanfillinthecracks.Whenthecracksarecompletelyfilledandnomorewatercanenter,thefungiwillagainformspores.Ifcracksformagainandenvironmentalconditionsbecomefavorable,thesporescouldwakeupandrepeattheprocess.T.reeseiiseco-friendly,posingnoknownrisktohumanhealth.Infact,T.reeseihasalonghistoryofsafeuseinindustrial-scaleproductionofcarbohydraseenzymes,suchascellulase,whichplaysanimportantroleinfermentation（发酵）processesduringwinemaking.Ofcourse,researcherswillneedtoconductathoroughassessmenttoinvestigateanypossibleimmediateandlong-termeffectsontheenvironmentandhumanhealthpriortoitsuseasahealingagentinconcreteinfrastructure.28.Accordingtothepassage,tinycracksinconcretestructuresmayleadto________.A.DisfunctionevencollapseoftheentirestructureB.ContinuousmaintenanceandrebuildingC.LeakageofliquidsandgasesD.Wasteofwaterandoxygen29.WhatcanweknowaboutT.reesei?A.Itiswidelyusedinbuildingconcretestructures.B.Itcansurviveinextremeenvironment.C.Itcanhelpconcretecracksbecomenormalagain.D.Itisanewlydiscoveredfungi.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.T.reeseimightbeusedonhuman.B.Theresearchisstillatitsinitialstage.C.Theresserchisunreplaceableinwinemaking.D.T.reeseihaslong-termeffectsonhumanhealth.DMicroplastics—tinypiecesofplasticwastelessthanfivemillimetreslongthathavebeendegradedbywaves,windandultravioletrays—havebeendiscoveredinthedeepestoceanictrenchesandwithinthestomachsoftheorganismsthatlivethere,butwehavelittleideaaboutwherethegreatmajorityofthemendup.Morethaneightmilliontonnesofplasticentersouroceanseveryyear,comprisingbetween80and85percentofallmarinetrash,butwithinadequatedata,thereareconcernsthatthesefigurescouldbeunderestimates.Currently,mostofthedatawehaveonmicroplasticsareaccidentallycapturedbyresearchships,whichuseplanktonnetstocollectmarine-microorganismsamples.However,researchersChristopherRufandMadelineEvansfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavediscoveredaninnovativewaytoidentifyandtrackconcentrationsofmicroplasticsintheocean.ThetechniquereliesonNASA’sCycloneGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem(CYGNSS),aconstellationofeightmicro-satellitesusedtopredicthurricanesthatcalculatewindspeedsabovetheoceanbymeasuringtheroughnessofsurfacewaters.Asthesatellitesarecontinuouslyrecording,RufandEvansrealisedthattheycollectagreatdealofadditionaldata.Itwaswhileanalysingthesedatathattheynoticedsomedifferences—timeswherethesurfaceoftheoceanappearedtobemuchsmootherthanitshould,giventheprevailingwind(盛行风)conditions.Knowingthatwaterisn’troughenedasmuchwhenitcontainsalotoffloatingmaterial,RufandEvansidentifiedapatternthatlinkedareasofunusualsmoothnessandpredictedmicroplasticdistributions.Theyfoundthatthedifferencebetweentheirmeasurements,andhowmuchrougherthesurfacewouldbeifwindsofthesamespeedwereblowingacrossclearwater,was“highlycorrelatedwiththepresenceofmicroplastics,andthedegreeofthedifferencealsocorrelatedwiththeconcentrationoftheplastics.”Theresearchrevealsthatthereareseasonalvariations,wheretheconcentrationsofmicroplasticstendtobehigherinthesummerandlowerinthewinterinaveryclean,periodicway,whichRufexplainsmirrorsthewayinwhichtheoceancirculationchangesthroughouttheyear.Italsoconfirms,aswaspreviouslythought,thatriversarethemainsourceofoceanmicroplastics.Raisingawarenessoftheissueofoceanmicroplasticsamongthepublicandpoliticiansisjustoneoftheresearchers’futureaims;theyarealsoinconversationwithDutchnon-profitTheOceanCleanupandFinnishclean-technologyspecialistClewat,whichareinterestedinusingtheinformationtomoreefficientlytargettheirtrash-collectioncampaigns.Sofar,onlyoneyear’sworthofdatahavebeenprocessedsinceCYGNSSwaslaunchedin2016.Bylookingatalongertimeperiod,RufandEvansaimtodeterminewhethertheseasonalpatternisrepeatable,andwhethertheconcentrationofmicroplasticsintheoceanisgettingworse.31．WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thelimitedknowledgeaboutoceanmicroplastics.B．Theharmofoceanmicroplasticstoseacreatures.C．Themethodsofdegradingoceanmicroplastics.D．Thepreviousresearchonoceanmicroplastics.32．Accordingtothepassage,CYGNSS________________.A．hasoffereddataabouttherepeatableseasonalpatternB．guidesresearchshipstogatherdataaboutseaanimalsC．providesunexpecteddataaboutthechangesofseasurfaceD．wasdesignedtomeasurethedistributionofoceanmicroplastics33．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Microplasticswillendupinthestomachsoftheoceanorganisms.B．Microplasticsplayavitalroleintheyearlyoceancirculationchanges.C．Thesurfaceoftheoceancangetsmootherwithmoremicroplasticsinit.D．Thenewwayoftrackingmicroplasticshashelpedpreventoceanpollution.34．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．TointroducethetechnologyofCYGNSS.B．Topresentawaytostudyoceanmicroplastics.C．Totestanassumptiononoceanmicroplastics.D．Toproposeanewmeansofprotectingtheocean.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyouwereatschool,wereyouevertoldtostopdaydreamingandconcentrate?Itwaseasyforyourmindtowanderifyouweren’tinterestedinwhatyouwerelearningorifyouhadbetterthingstothinkabout.Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlife._____35______Scientistshavelookedatwhatmakesusprocrastinat（e拖延）andfoundanumberofwaystohelpusstayinthezone.____36____ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestforconcentration,oragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreat!Italsofoundswitchingoffyourphoneremovesamajordistractionandhelpsusfocusonthetaskathand.____37____Psychologistsandneuroscientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinourabilitytoknuckledownandhavelookedatwhatwecanchangeinsideourheadtomakeusconcentrate.AnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthat“AttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.”Therearemorepracticaltipstokeepingyourmindfocused.Theseincludemakingalistortimetableofthetasksyouhavetodo,findingaworkspacewhereyou’renottemptedtodootherthings,orchewingsomegum!______38______ButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazine,distractionisn’tallbad.“Ifwewerealwayssofocusedthatwenevergotdistracted,we’dmisspotentialchanges,suchasthreats,inourenvironment.____39______A.Distractionisvitalforsurvival.B.Oneofthemostobviousthingsiseliminatingnoise.C.Anotherpossiblecureforashortattentionspaniskeepingyourmindbusy.D.Manystudentsarebotheredbyconstantlygettingdistractedduringtheclass.E.Butunderstandinghowtodoit,andknowingwhatisdistractingyou,canhelp.F.It’spossiblethemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.G.Researchershavefoundthatconstantlyalertingyourselfortakingnoteswhilelisteningarehelpfultoo.第三部分书面表达（共二节，32分）第一节阅读与表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。It'sjustafewdaysintothenewyear.Howareyoudoingonyourresolutions?Wait:Haveyouevenstartedonthemyet?Manypeoplefindthatthehardestpartofmanytasksisbeginningthematall.Tohelpwiththisproblem,tworesearchershavesoughttodeterminewhethercertainoutsidecuescanjump—startustowardreachingourgoals.Suchcues,whichmanipulate（操控）ourperceptionoftime,aresimpleyeteffective,accordingtoarecentarticleintheJournalofConsumerResearch.Inonestudy,conductedin2010,theresearchersaskedtwogroupsoffarmersinIndiatosetupabankaccountandaccumulateacertainamountofmoneybyadeadline,offeringextramoneyasareward.Onegroupwasappr