辽宁省五校2022-2023学年高一年级上册期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

辽宁省五校2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

FromMarrakechtoCapeTown,Africahassomuchtooffer.Fromculturehotspotsto

naturalsights,itcanbedifficulttodecide.Herearesometopdestinationstorecommend.

KrugerNationalPark

Burstingwithavarietyofwildlifeinlargenumbers,KrugerisconsideredSouthAfrica's

bestparkforareason.Inadditiontotheawesomeamountofnatureondisplay,thefacilities

arealsofantastic,withgreathotelsandcampstosuitallkindsofbudgets.

CapeTown

TakethecablecartothetopofTableMountainforbreathtakingviewsacrossthewhole

city.HangoutandrelaxattheVictoriaandAlfredwatersideareawhereyoucanvisitthe

MuseumofContemporaryAfricanArt,trylocaldishesatthefoodmarket,orjoinawalking

tourtoexplorethearea'shistorydatingbacktothe17thcentury.

VictoriaFalls

Over1,700metreswide,VictoriaFallssitsontheZambiaandZimbabweborder.As

Novembermarksthestartoftherainyseason,it'stheperfecttimetovisit,aswithallthe

extrawaterthefallswillbeattheirmostdramatic!

OkavangoDelta

Boatsarethebestwaytogetaroundthiswaterywilderness,andperfectforgettingup

closetohipposandcrocodiles.ThisisalsoagreatplacetoexploreAfricancuisine,with

deliciousdisheslikeVetkoek,atypeofburgerservedwithcurry,andchillisauce.

So,whetheryouwanttotakeawalkonthewildsideorwanttodiveintoacity's

culture(orboth!),bookyourAfricaadventurehereinjustafewsimpleclicks.

1、WhatdoweknowaboutKrugerNationalPark?

A.Youneedpaymuchforvisiting.

B.Thefacilitiesappealtotourists.

C.Therainyseasonisthebesttimeforvisiting.

D.Youcancontentyourselfwithdeliciousdishes.

2、Whichdestinationshouldafoodandhistoryloverchoose?

A.OkavangoDeltaB.KrugerNationalPark

C.CapeTownD.VictoriaFalls

3、Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Awebsite.B.Ajournal.C.Atextbook.D.Areport.

Fromayoungage,BarbaraBinns9spassionswerereadinganddoingresearch.Withher

latestbook,UnlawfulOrders,abiography,shecapturesAmericanhistory.

UnlawfulOrderstellsthestoryofJamesWilliams(1919-2016),adoctorwhoserved

withtheTuskegeeAirmen,thefirstBlackmilitarypilots,duringWorldWarII.Whileatthe

FreemanAirfieldbaseinIowa,hestooduptoracialunfairpracticesthroughpeacefulprotest,

whichpushedthegovernmenttomakesomechangesintheUSarmy.

BinnslivesinChicago,Illinois,whereshegrewupandwheremostofherstoriestook

place.In2008,shewroteseveralbooksforyoungreaders.Shefoundhercurrentbook's

subjectwhileresearchingJames9smother,ClaraWilliams,foranotherproject.Jameshadalso

livedinChicago,inaneighborhoodnotfarfromwhereBinnsgrewup,butshehadn'theard

abouthim.“IfoundmyselfwonderingifIeverwalkedpasthimonthestreetanddidn't

realizeIwasinthepresenceofgreatness/9BinnstoldTheWeekJunior.Shesaidshewould

havelovedtohavehimasarolemodelduringherchildhood.

ThafsonereasonwhyshewroteUnlawfulOrders,shesaid一forchildrenwhoneeda

hero,someonewholooksordinarybutdidextraordinarythingsthroughquietbutpersistent

actions.

4、WhatcanbeknownaboutJamesWilliams?

A.HeonceservedasanAmericanpilot.

B.Hefoughtforequalrightsfortheblackpeople.

C.HelivedinthesameneighborhoodwithBinns.

D.HegotthesupportfromAmericangovernment.

5、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordsinParagraph2?

A.Putaside.B.Settledfor.C.Objectedto.D.Referredto.

6、WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.HowBinnschosethesubjectforUnlawfulOrders.

B.HowBinosgottoknowJamesWilliams.

C.WhyBinnsgaveupresearchingClaraWilliams.

D.WhyBinnschoseChicagotobethesettingforherbooks.

7、WhydidBinnswriteUnlawfulOrders!

A.Tomotivateherselftobecomeahero.

B.TobeinmemoryofJamesWilliams.

C.Toinspirethechildren.

D.TorecordAmericanhistory.

AnewanalysisbyresearchersatMIThasfoundthatinactiveyeast（非活性酵母）can

helpremoveleadpollutionfromdrinkingwatersupplies.Thestudyshowsthatthisapproach

workswell,evenforpart-per-billionlevelsofpollution.Theteamhascalculatedthatwaste

yeastabandonedbyasinglebrewery（啤酒厂）inBostonwouldbeenoughtotreatthecity's

entirewatersupply.Thesystemwouldnotonlypurifythewaterbutalsochangewhatwould

otherwisebesomewasteneedingtobegotridof.

Leadandotherheavymetalsinwaterareaseriousglobalproblemthatcontinuestogrow.

IntheU.S.alone,morethan12,000milesofwaterwaysaresufferingtheeffectofwastewater

richinheavymetals.Whafsworse,heavymetalsdon'tbreakdown,butcontinuouslyexist

andaccumulate.Theyareeitherimpossibleorveryexpensivetocompletelyremoveby

conventionalmethods.Leadishighlypoisonous,evenattinyconcentrations,especially

affectingchildrenastheygrow.“Wedon'tjustneedtominimizetheexistenceoflead;we

needtoremoveitfromdrinkingwater/9saysoneoftheresearcherscalledStathatou.

ThesolutionfoundbytheMITteamisnotanewone.Aprocesscalledbiosorption,in

whichinactivebiologicalmaterialisusedtoremoveheavymetalsfromwater,hasbeen

knownforafewdecades.Buttheprocesshasbeenstudiedandcharacterizedonlyatmuch

higherconcentrations,atthelevelsofmorethanonepartpermillion.t4Ourstudy

demonstratesthattheprocesscanindeedworkefficientlyatthemuchlowerconcentrationsof

typicalreal-worldwatersupplies/9anotherresearchernamedAthanasiousays.

Designingapracticalsystemforprocessingthewaterandgettingbacktheyeast,which

couldthenbeseparatedfromtheleadforreuse,isthenextstageoftheteam'sresearch.They

arealsoexploringwaysofrecoveringboththeyeastandthelead,"Weneedtoconduct

furtherexperiments,butthereistheoptiontogetbothback.Anditwillbeablessingforthe

world."Stathatousays.

8、Whafsthefeatureofthenewapproachforremovingleadpollutionfromdrinkingwater?

A.Itiscostlybutworthwhile.

B.Itiseconomicalandefficient.

C.Ithashighertechnicalrequirements.

D.Ithasbeenquestionedbymanyexperts.

9、WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?

A.Tostatethenecessityofremovingheavymetals.

B.Toarousepeople'sawarenessofself-protection.

C.Tostressonthedifficultyofremovingheavymetals..

D.Tointroducethefeatureofheavymetals.

10、Whatcanweknowabouttheprocessofbiosorptionfromthetext?

A.Itcandeterminethestabilityofwatersupplysystems.

B.Itteststheinactivesubstancesinwatersupplies.

C.Itcanmeasurethemake-upofheavymetalsinwatersupplies.

D.Itfocusesonremovingheavymetalsathigherconcentrationsfromwater.

11、WhatdoesStathatouthinkoftheirfutureresearch?

A.Amusing.B.Worrying.C.Beneficial.D.Adventurous.

Birdsthatmigratelongdistancestendtobemorelikelythanotherstobreakupwiththeir

partners,accordingtoananalysisof232speciesconductedbySunYat-senUniversity.

About90percentofbirdspeciesaresociallymonogamous（一夫一妻制的），which

meansoncetheyformpairs,theywillstaytogetherforlife.However,somedoendupgetting

“divorced“andmoveontonewpartners.

Toidentifyreasonsthatleadtobirdbreakups,LiuYangatSunYat-senUniversityin

Chinaandhiscolleaguesstudied232speciesinoneoftheworld'slargestbirddatabases,

BirdsoftheWorld.Theyfoundthatspeciesthatmigrateparticularlylongdistancestoobtain

foodtypicallyhavehigherratesofbreakingup.

Greatblueherons,forexample,migratemorethan3000kilometresandhaveadivorce

rateof100percent.Thismaybebecausetravellingfurthermakesitharderforapairto

returnhomeatthesametime,saysLiuYang."Ifyou'retheonewhogetsbackfirst,it'srisky

waitingforyourpartnerbecauseyoudon'tknowifif11showup——itmayhavediedorbeen

blownoffcourse,“Liuadds.Findinganewpartnermayseemasaferbetevenifitrequires

energytopleaseanewmate,hesays.

Liuandhisteammembersacknowledgethatitmakessenseforbirdswithlong

migrationstohavehigherdivorcerates,butthereareexceptions.

Black-tailedgodwits,forexample,migratemorethan1000kilometresfromIcelandto

theUKorsouthwestEuropeeachyearbuthaverelativelylowdivorcerates.Thisseemstobe

duetoasuperabilitytokeeppacewiththeirpartners.Althoughmembersofapairwillfollow

separatemigrationpathsandtypicallyendupmorethan900kilometresawayfromeachother,

theyaresomehowabletoreturntoIcelandatalmostthesametime,whichreducestheriskof

break-ups."Butmostbirdsarenotabletodothat一it'sprettyamazing."Liuconcludes.

12、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

A.Mostbirdspecieshavemorethanonepartnerforlife.

B.Fewbirdspeciesaredevotedtotheirpartners.

C.Mostbirdspecieshavehigherratesofbreakingup.

D.Mostbirdspeciestendtohaveonlyonepartner.

13、Whydogreatblueheronshaveadivorcerateof100percent?

A.Becausethebirdpairschoosedifferentmigrationroutes.

B.Becausetheygettiredoftheirpartners.

C.Becausetheyareimpatientwithwaiting.

D.Becauseitissaferforthemtomoveontoanewpartner.

14、Whatcanwelearnaboutblack-tailedgodwitsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyhaveahigherdivorceratethangreatblueherons.

B.Thenearlysamereturningtimereducestheriskoftheirdivorce.

C.Itistypicalofthemtomigrateatthesamespeedwiththeirpartners.

D.Theysetagoodexampleofromanceforotherbirds.

15、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MigrationLinkedtoBirdDivorce

B.ReasonsforBirdMigration

C.BirdMigrationwithLongDistances

D.Birds一withHighRatesofDivorce.

二、七选五

16、Owningapetisafunandrewardingexperience.Buteveryanimalandtheirneeds

aredifferent,sohowcanyoumakesurethatyouchoosetherightoneforyourself?Hereare

sometoptipsfromnationalpetcharityBlueCross.

Doyourresearch

Youmaylikethelookofaparticularpetbutthatdoesn'tmeanthey'rerightforyou.①

.So,thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouwantfromyourpetanddosomeresearchbefore

youtakeoneon.Somepetsmayalsorequiremorevetcarethanothers.TakeFrenchbulldogs

andpugsforexample,theycansuffermanyhealthissuesovertheirlifetime,including

problemswiththeirbreathingandskinconditionsduetotheirexaggeratedfeatures.②

Forexample,ifyouworkfulltimeandyouwantadog,whowouldtakecareofthem

duringtheday?Ifyouwantacat,willtheyhaveaccesstooutsidespacewhileyou'reout

duringtheday?Familiarizeyourselfwiththesizeandexerciserequirementsofdifferentpets

tomakesurethey'retherightchoiceforyou.

Doyoursums

Fromeverydaythingslikeinsurance,foodandtoystounexpectedvetbills,havingapet

iscertainlyafinancialcommitment.④.Makesureyoufactorinhowmuchyournew

petwillcostbeforeyouchoosethem.

Useareliablebreeder（饲养员）

Ifyoudowanttobuyadogorcat,askavetorbreedclubtorecommendaresponsible

breeder.Askthebreederforalltherelativepaperworkandseethepefsparentsorrelativesto

observetheirtemper,generalhealthandwelfare.⑤Becausethesemaywellturnout

tobepuppyfarmersorcommercialdealerswhohavelittleinterestinthewelfareofthepets

theysell.

A.Charitiescanoffersupportandadviceaboutindividualpets

B.Thinkaboutyourlifestyle

C.Don'tthrowyourselfintothefinancialtrouble

D.Adjustyourtaste

E.Don'tpurchaseonlineorfromdealerswhooffermultipletypesofpets

F.We'dadviseownerstoreallydotheirresearchbeforetakingononeofthesepets

G.Everypethasitsownpersonalityandsomeoftenhavestrongcharacters

三、完形填空（15空）

AsfamiliesacrossHampshire,avillageinBritain,openedtheirhomestoUkrainian

refugees（乌克兰难民）,JennieMaizelsbegananewchapterinherlife.

Onwatchingnewsreportofpeople]fromUkraineforaplacetolivein,Jenniehad

no2inbecomingahostfamilyandpresentedher3toHomesforUkraine,a

Facebookgroup,throughwhichMariliawas4toher.

MariliaarrivedatJennie'shouseonanAprilsunnydaywhenallthedaffodils（水彳山花）

5.Itwaslikeeverywherewassaying“welcome”.Jennieevenarrangeda（n）6

UkrainianEasterpartyforMariliainhergarden.Naturally,therewasmuchforMariliato_7

to,suchasthedrivingontheleftandthelanguage.8sinceJenniedownloadedthe

translationapponMarilia'sphone,ithadbeenamazingtoseehowherEnglishhad9.

Besides,Mariliawaswelcomedwithopenarmsbytheneighbors."AssoonasMarilia

arrived,Iphonedalocalbarwhoselandladywasjust10.Sheimmediatelyoffered

Mariliaworkandpaidagood11Jennierecalled.Jennie'sactionhadahugeamountof

12ontheneighbors.13,theyinvitedMariliaforteaandcakeintheirhouses.

Jenniewas14morepeopletoconsider15,sincethishadbeensoenrichingand

couldmakelifefullerandhappier.

17、A.headingB.goingC.settlingD.escaping

18、A.wishB.hesitationC.desireD.excuse

19、A.applicationB.giftC.intentionD.plan

20、A.correspondedB.sentC.matchedD.decided

21、A.cameoutB.stoodoutC.cameacrossD.diedout

22、A.individualB.traditionalC.fashionableD.available

23、A.applyB.adoptC.admitD.adapt

24、A.MoreoverB.ThusC.ThereforeD.However

25、A.fastenedB.progressedC.developedD.explored

26、A.calmB.unusualC.remarkableD.responsible

27、A.interestB.awardC.wageD.benefit

28、A.influenceB.differenceC.attackD.stress

29、A.UltimatelyB.SurprisinglyC.UndoubtedlyD.Frequently

30、A.advisingB.pressingC.suggestingD.allowing

31、A.supportingB.appealingC.hostingD.funding

四、短文填空

32、PekingOperaisoneofthe①(young)formsoftraditionalChinese

musicaltheater,thoughit②(hold)itsplaceasarepresentativeoftraditional

Chinesecultureforovertwohundredyears.Theartformiscelebrated(3)itsfancy

costumes,strikingmakeupandlarger-than-lifeperformances.Toachievepolished

performance,asimpleyetstrictrulemust(4)(follow):startyoung,trainhard⑤

masteralistofskills.

Learners,asyoungassevenyearsold,devote(6)(they)toadailypracticethat

stretchesand⑦(strengthen)theirbodies.Theprocessisas(8)(exhaust)

asitismagical.Bitbybit,theybecomelightontheirfeet,fastintheirmovementandin

admirablecontroloftheir(9)(body).Arepeatedsayingintheindustrygoesas

follows:Oneminuteonstage,10yearsoffstage,⑩isareminderofthestandards

thatensuretheimpressiveperformance.

五、书面表达

33、假定你是李华。你班上周五组织了游览国家公园(NationalPark)的活动。请你写

一篇报道向校英文报投稿.

内容包括：

1.活动介绍：

2.活动感想.

注意：

1.词数:80词左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.，

Deareditor,

六、读后续写

34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.

“Class,pleaselineup!"saidMsBaroni,Jenna'staekwondo（跆拳道）teacherwhowas

abouttointroduceeveryonetoMarti,Jenna9sbestfriend.JennawasexcitedthatMartiwould

betakinglessonstoo.

Afterwarm-upexercises,MsBaronidividedeveryoneintocolor-beltgroups.Even

thoughJennawasayellowbeltandalevelaboveMarti,MsBaronitoldthefriendstowork

together.JennademonstratedafrontkickandMarticopiedit.HerkickwasashighasJenna's

shoulder."Greatjob,Marti!”saidMsBaroni,whohadwalkedupbehindthem.uLetmeshow

yousomething“shesaid.ShethenspentthenextfiveminutesworkingwithMarti.uWhata

wonderfulsidekick!”MsBaronipraisedwithanencouragingnod.

ThemoreMartidid,themorepraisessheearnedfromMsBaroni.Atthesametime,

Jennafeltalittlebitconcerned.WhatifMartibecamebetterthanher?WhatifMartibecame

MsBaroni'sfavoritestudent?Attheendofclass,Jennagrabbedherbagandhurriedoutside

tofindhermom.Shebadplannedtowaitandsaygood-bytoMarti,butnowshewantedto

bealone.

Forthenextseveralweeks,MarticontinuedtoimpressMsBaroniwithherskills.Andas

Martiturnedintoastarstudent,Jennabecamelessandlessexcitedabouttaekwondo.

"Ms.BaronithinksTmreadytotestforanewbelt,Martisaidastheywalkeddownthe

hallwayatschooloneday.Jennastoppedinhertracks/6Ifsharderthanyouthink.Master

Lee,notMsBaroni,willgiveyoupoint."saidJenna.“Youdon'tthinkI'mgoodenoughtotest

yet?"Martilookeddisappointed.Jennafeltherfacegethot.Shedidn'tlikefeelingjealous（嫉

妒），butshecouldn'thelpit.Shewasn'treadytotestforhernextbeltbecauseshehadn't

beenpracticingeveryday.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

Paragraphone:

Aweeklater,atthebelttesting,JennasawMartiwarmingup.

Paragraphtwo:

JennawassurprisedtoknowMartipracticedthatmuch!

参考答案

1、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据KrugerNationalPark中“Inadditiontotheawesomeamountof

natureondisplay,thefacilitiesarealsofantastic,withgreathotelsandcampstosuitallkinds

ofbudgets」除了展示令人惊叹的自然景观外，设施也很棒，有很棒的酒店和营地，适

合各种预算）”可知，克鲁格国家公园的设施对游客很有吸引力。故选B项。

2、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据CapeTown中“HangoutandrelaxattheVictoriaandAlfred

watersideareawhereyoucanvisittheMuseumofContemporaryAfricanArt,trylocaldishes

atthefoodmarket,orjoinawalkingtourtoexplorethearea'shistorydatingbacktothe17th

century.（在维多利亚和阿尔弗雷德水边地区闲逛和放松，在那里您可以参观当代非洲艺

术博物馆，在食品市场品尝当地菜肴，或参加徒步旅行，探索该地区可追溯到17世纪

的历史）”可知，美食和历史爱好者应该选择开普敦这个目的地。故选C项。

3、答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“So,whetheryouwanttotakeawalkon

thewildsideorwanttodiveintoacity'sculture（orboth!）,bookyourAfricaadventurehere

injustafewsimpleclicks.（所以，无论你是想在野外散步，还是想沉浸在一个城市的文

化中（或者两者都想！），只需简单的点击几下，就可以在这里预订你的非洲冒险）”

可推知，这段文字最有可能来自一个网站。故选A项。

4、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的"WhileattheFreemanAirfieldbaseinIowa,hestood

uptoracialunfairpracticesthroughpeacefulprotest,whichpushedthegovernmenttomake

somechangesintheUSarmy.（在爱荷华州弗里曼机场基地期间，他通过和平抗议对抗

种族不公平行为，这促使政府对美国军队做出一些改变）”可知，JamesWilliams为黑人

争取平等权利。故选B项。

5、答案：C

解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的"WhileattheFreemanAirfieldbaseinIowa,hestood

uptoracialunfairpracticesthroughpeacefulprotest,whichpushedthegovernmenttomake

somechangesintheUSarmy.（在爱荷华州弗里曼机场基地期间，他通过和平抗议stood

upto种族不公平行为，这促使政府对美国军队做出一些改变）”可知，他的行为促使政

府对美国军队做出一些改变，说明他反对了种族不公平行为，画线短语意为“反对

（Objectedto）故选C项。

6、答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。由第三段“BinnslivesinChicago,Illinois,whereshegrewupand

wheremostofherstoriestookplace.In2008,shewroteseveralbooksforyoungreaders.She

foundhercurrentbook'ssubjectwhileresearchingJames9smother,ClaraWilliams,for

anotherproject.JameshadalsolivedinChicago,inaneighborhoodnotfarfromwhereBinns

grewup,butshehadn'theardabouthim."IfoundmyselfwonderingifIeverwalkedpast

himonthestreetanddidn'trealizeIwasinthepresenceofgreatness,“BinnstoldTheWeek

Junior.Shesaidshewouldhavelovedtohavehimasarolemodelduringherchildhood.

（Binns住在伊利诺伊州的芝加哥，她在那里长大，她的大部分故事都发生在那里。

2008年，她为年轻读者写了几本书。她在为另一个项目研究詹姆斯的母亲克拉拉・威廉

姆斯时找到了她现在这本书的主题。詹姆斯也住在芝加哥，在离Binns长大的地方不

远的一个社区，但她没有听说过他。Binns在接受《少年周刊》采访时表示：“我发现

自己在想，我是否曾在街上从他身边走过，却没有意识到自己感受到了伟大。”她说她

很想让他在她的童年时期成为一个榜样）”可知，第三段主要讲Binns是如何为Unlawful

0rders选择主题的。故选A项。

7、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。由最后一段"That'sonereasonwhyshewroteUnlawfulOrders,she

said—forchildrenwhoneedahero,someonewholooksordinarybutdidextraordinary

thingsthroughquietbutpersistentactions.（她说，这就是她写UnlawfulOrders的原因之

一，是为了那些需要英雄的孩子，一个看起来很普通但通过安静但坚持不懈的行动做

了非凡事情的人）”可知，Binns要写UnlawfulOrders是因为她想激励孩子们。故选C

项。

8、答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thestudyshowsthatthisapproachworkswell,even

forpart-per-billionlevelsofpollution.Theteamhascalculatedthatwasteyeastabandoned

byasinglebreweryinBostonwouldbeenoughtoteatthecity'sentirewatersupply.（研究表

明，这种方法效果很好，即使是十亿分之一的污染水平。该团队计算出，波士顿一家

啤酒厂丢弃的废酵母足以消耗整个城市的供水）”可知，可以用丢弃的废酵母，而且即

使是十亿分之一的污染水平也能净化，所以是既经济又高效的。故选B项。

9、答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Leadandotherheavymetalsinwaterareaseriousglobal

problemthatcontinuestogrow.IntheU.S.alone,morethan12,000milesofwaterwaysare

sufferingtheeffectofwastewaterrichinheavymetals.Whafsworse,heavymetalsdon't

breakdown,butcontinuouslyexistandaccumulate.Theyareeitherimpossibleorvery

expensivetocompletelyremovebyconventionalmethods.Leadishighlypoisonous,evenat

tinyconcentrations,especiallyaffectingchildrenastheygrow.（水中的铅和其他重金属是一

个严重的全球性问题，而且还在继续恶化。仅在美国，就有超过L2万英里的水道受

到富含重金属的废水的影响。更糟糕的是，重金属不会分解，而是持续存在和积累。

用传统方法完全去除它们要么不可能，要么非常昂贵。铅是剧毒的，即使浓度很低，

对儿童的影响尤其严重）”可推知，第二段的目的是说明目前重金属的污染的严重性，

和对儿童的危害性，进而说明去除重金属的必要性。故选A项。

10、答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aprocesscalledbiosorption,inwhichinactive

biologicalmaterialisusedtoremoveheavymetalsfromwater,hasbeenknownforafew

decades.Buttheprocesshasbeenstudiedandcharacterizedonlyatmuchhigher

concentrations,atthelevelsofmorethanonepartpermillion.（几十年前，人们就已经知道

了一种叫做生物吸附的过程，即使用非活性生物材料去除水中的重金属。但这一过程

只有在高浓度，即百万分之一以上的浓度下才被研究和描述过）”可知，生物吸附的过

程是用非活性生物材料去除水中高浓度的重金属。故选D项。

11、答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theyarealsoexploringwaysofrecoveringboththe

yeastandthelead,“Weneedtoconductfurtherexperiments,butthereistheoptiontoget

bothback.Anditwillbeablessingfortheworld.^^Stathatousays.（他们还在探索同时回收

酵母和铅的方法，“我们需要进行进一步的实验，但也有选择将两者都拿回来。这将是

世界的福音。"Stathatou说）”可知，Stathatou对他们未来的研究认为是“世界的福音”，

所以他认为是有益的。故选C项。

12、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的"About90percentofbirdspeciesaresocially

monogamous（一夫一妻制J的），whichmeansoncetheyformpairs,theywillstaytogetherfor

life.（大约90%的鸟类在社会上是一夫一妻制，这意味着一旦它们结成一对，它们就会

终生待在一起）”可知，大多数鸟类往往只有一个配偶。故选D项。

13、答案：D

解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的"Findinganewpartnermayseemasaferbetevenifit

requiresenergytopleaseanewmate,hesays.（他说，寻找新伴侣似乎是一个更安全的选

择，即使这需要精力来取悦新伴侣）”可知，大蓝鹭的离婚率是100%,是因为换一个新

的伴侣对他们来说更安全。故选D项。

14、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Black-tailedgodwits,forexample,migratemore

than1000kilometresfromIcelandtotheUKorsouthwestEuropeeachyearbuthave

relativelylowdivorcerates.Thisseemstobeduetoasuperabilitytokeeppacewiththeir

partners.Althoughmembersofapairwillfollowseparatemigrationpathsandtypicallyend

upmorethan900kilometresawayfromeachother,theyaresomehowabletoreturnto

Icelandatalmostthesametime,whichreducestheriskofbreak-ups.（例如，黑尾滕鹤每年

从冰岛迁徙1000多公里到英国或西南欧，但离婚率相对较低。这似乎是由于它们有超

强的能力与伴侣保持同步。尽管一对成员会走不同的迁徙路线，最终通常相距900多

公里，但它们几乎可以同时返回冰岛，这降低了分手的风险）”可知，黑尾滕鹤几乎相

同的返回时间降低了它们离婚的风险。故选B项。

15、答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。由第一段"Birdsthatmigratelongdistancestendtobemorelikelythan

otherstobreakupwiththeirpartners,accordingtoananalysisof232speciesconductedby

SunYat-senUniversity.（中山大学对232种鸟类进行的分析显示，长途迁徙的鸟类往往

比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手）”和下文分析长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因可

知，文章一项研究表明：长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手，研究

人员分析了长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因，A项“迁徙与鸟类离婚率相关”符合文

意。故选A项。

16、答案：①-⑤GFBCE

解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是选择适合自己的宠物的方法。

①空前说“Youmaylikethelookofaparticularpetbutthatdoesn'tmeanthey'rerightfor

you.（你可能喜欢某只宠物的样子，但这并不意味着它们就适合你。广，空后说“So,

thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouwantfromyourpetanddosomeresearchbeforeyoutakeone

on.Somepetsmayalsorequiremorevetcarethanothers.（所以，仔细想想你想从你的宠物

身上得到什么，在你养宠物之前做一些研究。有些宠物可能比其他宠物需要更多的兽

医护理。广，因此空格处应该说每种宠物都不一样，都有自己的特点，G选项“Every

pethasitsownpersonalityandsomeoftenhavestrongcharacters（每只宠物都有自己的个

性，有些往往有很强的性格户说明了宠物各有不同，所以需要在选择前研究一番，因

此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。

②空前说“TakeFrenchbulldogsandpugsforexample,theycansuffermanyhealthissues

overtheirlifetime,includingproblemswiththeirbreathingandskinconditionsduetotheir

exaggeratedfeatures.（以法国斗牛犬和哈巴狗为例，它们在一生中会遭受许多健康问

题，包括由于它们夸张的特征而导致的呼吸和皮肤问题。）”，因此养这种狗需要慎

重，需要在养之前仔细研究清楚，F选项"We'dadviseownerstoreallydotheirresearch

beforetakingononeofthesepets（我们建议主人们在养这些宠物之前好好研究一下）”说明

了在养这种宠物前要研究，其中的“dotheirresearch”和本段小标题“Doyourresearch”相

一致，“thesepets”指代空前的“Frenchbulldogsandpugs",因此F选项承接上文，符合

语境，故选F。

③空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Forexample,ifyouworkfulltimeandyouwantadog,

whowouldtakecareofthemduringtheday?Ifyouwantacat,willtheyhaveaccessto

outsidespacewhileyou'reoutduringtheday?（例如，如果你有全职工作，想要一只狗，

谁会在白天照顾它们呢？如果你想要一只猫，当你白天在外面的时候，它们能去外面

的空间吗？）”可知，本段主要讲的是要考虑好自己的生活方式，B选项“Thinkabout

yourlifestyle（想想你的生活方式厂概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题，故选B。

④空前说"Fromeverydaythingslikeinsurance,foodandtoystounexpectedvetbills,having

apetiscertainlyafinancialcommitment.（从保险、食物、玩具等日常开销到意想不到的

兽医账单，养宠物当然是一项经济承诺。）"，空后说"Makesureyoufactorinhowmuch

yournewpetwillcostbeforeyouchoosethem.（在你选择新宠物之前，一定要考虑到它们

的价格。户，因此空格处应该说要考虑好养狗所带来的经济负担，不要让自己陷入经

济困难，C选项“Don'tthrowyourselfintothefinancialtrouble（不要让自己陷入经济困

境）”符合语境，故选C。

⑤空前说"Ifyoudowanttobuyadogorcat,askavetorbreedclubtorecommenda

responsiblebreeder.Askthebreederforalltherelativepaperworkandseethepefsparentsor

relativestoobservetheirtemper,generalhealthandwelfare.（如果你真的想买一只狗或猫，

让兽医或品种俱乐部推荐一位负责任的饲养员。向饲养员索要所有相关文件，并去看

宠物的父母或亲戚，观察它们的脾气、总体健康状况和福利状况。）”，空后说“Because

thesemaywellturnouttobepuppyfarmersorcommercialdealerswhohavelittleinterestin

thewelf