说明文阅读-2023年高考英语大题训练（上海）（解析版）

专题07说明文阅读【大题精做】

冲刺2023年高考英语大题突破

题型简介

说明文一般为C篇，主要考查以客观事物的特点和性质，阀明事物发生和发展过程等为主要表达内容

给读者以知识的一种文体。

说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读这

类文章时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应积累阅读词汇,

提高分析长难句的能力。

策略指导技法解读

抓首尾段首段往往提出说明文的主题，尤其是研究类说明

文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申强调主题。

整体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述；现象+原因+

梳理文章结构后果/启示/措施；研究发现/调查结果+研究/调查

过程。

破解长难句结合语境和所学语法知识破解结构复杂的长难句。

典例在线

上海市第三女子中学2021学年第二学期高三年级英语学科线上教学评估

Aboutaquarteroftheworlddrivesontheleft,andthecountriesthatdosoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies

likeAustralia,andIreland.ButThailand,IndonesiaandJapanhavealsodevelopedthishabit.

Thisstrangequirkpuzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfectlygoodreason.Uptothelate

1700s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseitisthesensibleoptionforviolent,feudalsocieties

ofmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsundertheirrightarmsnaturallypassedoneachother,s

right,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarm

wasbetweenyouandhim.

RevolutionaryFrance,however,didawaywiththispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink,andthanks

toNapoleon,thischangewascarriedoutallovercontinentalEurope.Becausehewasleft-handed,hisarmieshad

tomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anycountry

colonizedbytheFrenchtooktodrivingontheright.

AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomake

trafficdriveontherightinordertocutallremaininglinkstoitsBritishcolonialpast.OnceAmericabecamethe

centerofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmericanright-hand-drive.From

thenon,manycountrieschangedoutofnecessity.

Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.It

wouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.ThelastEuropeancountrytoconverttodrivingonthe

rightwasSwedenin1967.Thisironicallycausedareductionincaraccidentsbecauseeveryonedrovecarefully

whilegettingusedtothenewsystem.

36.Whydidpeopletravelontheleftbeforethelate18lhcentury?

A.Theywererequiredtodoso.B.Theyweremostlyleft-landed.

C.Itwaseasiertocrossthestreet.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.

37.WhatwasNapoleon,sattitudeaboutwalkingontheleft?

A.Support.B.Disapproval.C.Doubt.D.Indifference.

38.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.

A.theconnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruledbytheUK

C.theAmericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawasthecenterofthecarindustry

39.WhatisthemainreasonforUK'sresistancetotheEuropeansystem?

A.Itwouldcosttoomuchtochange.B.Itsincreasingtrafficaccidents.

C.Itsinfluenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.

136~39题答案】

【答案】36.D37.B38.B39.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些国家靠左侧行走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因

和过程。

【36题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Uptothelate17（X）s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseitis

thesensibleoptionforviolent,feudalsocietiesofmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsunder

theirrightarmsnaturallypassedoneachother,sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthe

lefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetweenyouandhim.（直到18世纪晚期，每个人都在道路

的左侧行驶，因为在暴力的封建社会，这是一个明智的选择，大多数人都是右撇子。将剑夹在右胳膊下

的士兵自然会互相交叉，如果你在路上经过一个陌生人，你要走在左边，以确保你的保护性剑臂在你和

他之间）“可知，当时人们靠左侧走是因为感觉更安全，故选D。

【37题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“RevolutionaryFrance,however,didawaywiththispracticeaspartofitssweeping

socialrethink,andthankstoNapoleon,thischangewascarriedoutallovercontinentalEurope.Becausehewas

left-handed,hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.

Fromthenon,anycountrycolonizedbytheFrenchtooktodrivingontheright.（然而，大革命后的法国，作为

其全面社会反思的一部分，废除了这种做法，多亏了拿破仑，这种变化在整个欧洲大陆进行。因为他是

左撇子，他的军队必须向右行进，这样他就能保持他的剑臂与任何对手之间的距离。从那时起，任何被

法国殖民的国家都习惯了靠右行驶）“可推知，拿破仑推行向右行驶，他对靠左侧走是不赞成的，故选B。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar（1775—1783）,theUSbecame

independentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocutallremaininglinkstoitsBritishcolonial

past∙（美国独立战争（1775—1783）后，美国独立了，为了切断所有与英国殖民时期的联系，美国决定

让车辆靠右行驶）”可知，美国改变英国传统是想摆脱与英国的联系，表示不再受英国统治，故选B。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolineW汕therestofEurope,butthis

isnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.（如今，欧盟希望英国与欧洲

其他国家保持一致，但这已不再可能。改变一切将花费数十亿英镑丫,可知，英国没有采用右侧走是因为

花费太高，故选A。

华东师大三附中2021学年第二学期在线阶段检测

Researchshowsthattheaveragehighschoolstudentwillstudyfourhoursperweekforanymajortest.The

outcomeofthisfourhoursofstudyvariesfromAtoF,whichmeansthatinhighschoolgradesarestrongly

determinedbyintelligencesinceeveryonestudiesthesameamountoftime.

Butcollegeisdifferent.Mostofthestudentsarehighlyintelligentandeachhasplentyoftimeforself-study.

Toscorehighonanytest,acollegestudenthastoworkhardand,probablymoreimportantly,knowhowtousehis

orhertimemostefficiently.Theproblemisthatyourstudyhabitsformedinhighschoolmaymakeyouunableto

studywellincollegebecauseyouhaveneverexperiencedwhatittakestoperformatthecollegelevel.Thatis

whythefreshmanyearisthehardestyearforallcollegestudents.

Basedonmyextensiveobservationofstudentperformanceoncollegetests,Irecommendthefollowing

studytimepertest:6hoursperweekforanA,4hoursforaB,3.5hoursforaC,2.5hoursforaDand0hoursfor

anF.Anhourofstudyisdefinedasstudyingfor45minutesandabreakof15minutes.Tenhoursofcontinuous

studywithoutabreakisdefinedasonehourofstudy.Thebraindoesnotprocessandstoreinformationtheway

studentspreferstudying.Occasionally,somesucceedbystudyingatthelastminute,buttheyareexceptionstothe

rule.

Researchalsosuggeststhattheslowest10percentofthestudentsmayneed5to6timesasmuchtimeto

Ieamthesamematerialasthefastest10percent.Eachpersonisverylikelytohavestrengthsandweaknesses.

Overcomingyourweaknessincreasesyourstrength.

36.Accordingtothewriter,thereasonwhyhighschoolstudentsgetdifferenttestresultsisthat.

A.somestudentsworkharderthantherestofthem

B.somestudentshavegoodstudyhabitswhileothersdonot

C.theirintelligencevariesfrompersontoperson

D.theirteachersteachthemindifferentways

37.Thefreshmanyearisconsideredthehardestforallcollegestudentsbecause.

A.theyhavetotakealotofcoursesatthesametime

B.theyaretooanxioustoscorehighonalltests

C.theydon,tknowyethowtostudyatthecollegelevel

D.theyfeelworriedamongsomanyintelligentpeople

38.Whattakesthefasteststudentstolearninonehourmaytakethesloweststudents.

A.2hours.B.3hoursC.4hoursD.5hours

39.Fromthewaythispassageiswritten,itcanbeconcludedthatthewriterismostprobably.

A.ahighschoolstudentB.acollegeteacher

C.ahighschoolteacherD.acollegestudent

136~39题答案】

【答案】36.C37.C38.D39.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高中生因为智力因人而异所以考试结果不同，但大学是不同

的。大多数学生都很聪明，每个人都有足够的时间自学。文章主要就不同大学生的学习时长提出了建议。

【36题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheoutcomeofthisfourhoursofstudyvariesfromAtoF,whichmeansthatin

highschoolgradesarestronglydeterminedbyintelligencesinceeveryonestudiesthesameamountOftime.（这

四个小时的学习结果从A到F各不相同，这意味着在高中，由于每个人学习的时间都是一样的，所以成

绩在很大程度上是由智力决定的丫'可知，高中生得到不同的测试结果的原因是他们的智力因人而异。故

选C。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theproblemisthatyourstudyhabitsformedinhighschoolmaymakeyouunable

tostudywellincollegebecauseyouhaveneverexperiencedwhatittakestoperformatthecollegelevel.Thatis

whythefreshmanyearisthehardestyearforallcollegeStUdentS.（问题是，你在高中养成的学习习惯可能会

让你在大学里学习不好，因为你从来没有经历过在大学阶段需要付出什么。这就是为什么大一是所有大

学生最难的一年）“可知，大一被认为是所有大学生最难的一年，因为他们还不知道如何在大学阶段学习。

故选Co

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Researchalsosuggeststhattheslowest10percentofthestudentsmayneed5to

6timesasmuchtimeIolearnthesamematerialasthefastest10PerCenl.（研究还表明，学得最慢的10%的学

生可能需要比学得最快的10%的学生多5到6倍的时间来学习同样的材料）“可知，最快的学生可以在一

小时内学习的东西，最慢的学生需要五到六个小时。故选D。

【39题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Basedonmyextensiveobservationofstudentperformanceoncollegetests,I

recommendthefollowingstudytimepertest:6hoursperweekforanA,4hoursforaB,3.5hoursforaC,2.5

hoursforaDandOhoursforanF.（根据我对学生在大学考试中表现的广泛观察，我建议每次考试的学习时

间如下：A级每周6小时，B级4小时，C级3.5小时，D级2.5小时，F级0小时）”可推知，作者是一

个大学老师。故选B。

刷模拟

（A）

（2023上海崇明一模）

ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglass-likecalm,butthepuddles（水坑）ontheregion,s

icebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.

SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisibleby

theriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit一

10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

TheamountoficethatmeltedinGreenlandbetweenJuly15and17thisyearalone—6billiontonsofwater

perday-wouldbeenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,accordingtodatafromtheUS

NationalSnowandIceDataCenter.

Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthatoccurredin2019,when

532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheatwavethatyearcaused

almosttheentireicesheet,ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepcπτιanentlyby1.5millimetersasaresult.

Greenlandholdsenoughice—ifitallmelted—toliftsealevelby7.5metersaroundtheworld.Thelatest

researchpointstoamoreandmorethreateningsituationontheNorthernHemisphere'siciestisland.

"Unprecedented（史无前例的）“ratesofmeltinghavebeenobservedatthebottomoftheGreenlandice

sheet,astudypublishedinFebruaryfound,causedbyhugequantitiesofmeltwaterflowingdownfromthe

surface.Thiswaterisparticularlyconcerningbecauseitcandestabilizethesheetaboveitandcouldleadtoa

massive,rapidlossofice.

Andin2020,scientistsfoundthatGreenland,sicesheethadmeltedbeyondthepointofnoreturn.Therate

ofmeltinginrecentyearsexceedsanythingGreenlandhasexperiencedinthelast12,000years,anotherstudy

found-andenoughtocausemeasurablechangeinthegravitationalfieldoverGreenland.

AttheEastGreenlandIce-coreProject—orEastGRIP—researchcampinnorthwestGreenland,thework

ofscientiststounderstandtheimpactofclimatechangeisbeingaffectedbyclimatechangeitself.

AslakGrinsted,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofCopenhagen,sNielsBohrInstitute,saidthatthey

havebeentryingtogetflightsintothecampbutthewarmthisdestabilizingthelandingsite.

Beforehuman-causedclimatechangekickedin,temperaturesnear32degreesFahrenheittherewere

unheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheitperdecade—four

timesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitallthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcrossthemeltingpoint.

63.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland,sicesheet

B.arousepeople,sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment

C.informpeopleofthelargeamountoficeGreenlandholds

D.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel

64.Whatdoes“atranSformatiOII''inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Climatechange.B.Ariseinsealevel.

C.Globalwarming.D.Themeltingofice.

65.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheicethatmeltedin2019?

A.Itrepeatedarecordmeltingoftheicesheetseveralyearsago.

B.Itsamountwasthelargesteverandliftedsealevelpermanently.

C.Itwasenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools.

D.Itsmeltingratewassorapidastoresultinanunexpectedlyhotspring.

66.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.climatechangeisaresultofhumanactivities

B.thestudyofclimatechangeisbeingmadeeasier

C.themeltingofGreenland'sicesheetisreversible

D.temperaturesincrease1.5oForsoeachdecadeglobally

【答案】63.A64.D65.B66.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了格陵兰冰盖的快速融化现象，说明地球正在变暖。

【63题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段"SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenland

havecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshave

beenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit-10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

（格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。科学家表示，今

年这个时候的气温一直在华氏60度左右，比正常温度高10度。）”可知，这篇文章主要是为了提醒人们

注意格陵兰冰盖的快速融化，地球正在变暖。故选A项。

[64题详解】

词句猜测题。黑体词语的后文，文章第二段中uSeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthern

Greenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheOCean.（格陵兰岛

北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。）”说明由于气温变暖导致

格陵兰岛北部冰川在快速融化，从而推知划线词句"ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisa

glass-likecalm,butthepuddles（水坑）ontheregion,sicebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderway

higherOntheiceshee”格陵兰岛西北部海岸的海水平静如玻璃，但该地区冰山上的水坑表明，在冰盖的

高处，atransformation正在进行。）”其中atransformation指的是“冰的融化"。故选D项。

【65题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthat

occuιτedin2019,when532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheat

wavethatyearcausedalmosttheentireicesheet,ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepermanentlyby1.5

millimetersasaresult.（每年夏天科学家们都担心,他们会看到2019年创纪录的冰川融化重演，当时

5320亿吨的冰川流入大海。那年一场意外的温泉和7月的热浪导致几乎整个冰盖表面融化。因此，全球

海平面永久性地上升了1.5毫米。）”可知，2019年融化的冰，数量是有史以来最大的，并永久性地升高

了海平面。故选B项。

【66题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段uBeforehuman-causedclimatechangekickedin,temperaturesnear32degrees

Fahrenheittherewereunheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheit

perdecade—fourtimesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitailthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcross

themeltingpoint.（在人类造成的气候变化开始之前，那里的气温接近32华氏度是前所未闻的。但自20

世纪80年代以来，这一地区每十年变暖约1.5华氏度，比全球变暖速度快四倍，这使得气温越过熔点的

可能性更大。）”可知，文中暗示气候变化是人类活动的结果。故选A项。

（B）

（2022上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试）

Everycountryhascertainculturalpatternsmakingitunique.Ofcourse,habitsandcustomsbetweencultures

andcountriestendtooveɪiap（重叠）.Thepopularityofsocialmedia,forinstance,ignoresbordersandbreaks

downculturaldifferences.Technologyhasmadetheworldamuchsmallerandculturallysimilarplace.However,

whenlookingataforeigncountry,wewillalwaysfinddifferencesbetweenourtraditionsandtheirs.Young

ItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmanyrespects,havealsosomepronounced

differences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandsports.

MostAmericanteenshavepart-timejobsthroughhighschoolandcollege.YouthsinItalytendnotto.The

reasonsbehindthisaremultifaceted.Itis,tobeginwith,ratherhardinItalytofindthetypeofpart-timejobs

studentsusuallytakeup.Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especially

whenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.YoungItaliansliketoenjoylifetothefullandfeeltherewillbetimeto

workoncetheybecomeadults,hencethelackofinterestinfindingoddjobswhilestillinschool.Liketheold

sayinggoes,SOmeItaIianSWorktoLive,While>omeAmeriCanSOftenIiVetowork.

Inalotofways,youngItaliansandAmericansspendtheirfreetimeinasimilarfashion.Listeningtomusic,

watchingmovies,hangingout,practicingsportsandsurfingtheInternetareallcommonwaystopasssomefree

time.Italians,especially,makeapointofgoingoutandbeingsocial,oftenchoosingbetweenpizzeriaorbirrerie

（placeforpizzaorbeer）,whichstayopenlate.Italiansoftenpileintoacoupleofcarsandgooutinabiggroup.In

general,Americanteensparticipateinalotofextracurricular（课夕卜的）activities,manyoftenthroughschool,

whileItaliansmaynottakepartinsomany.

Whengoingout,Italianteenstendtomeetandgatheronthestreetsoftheircitiesortowns,somethingnotas

commonintheUnitedStates,especiallyinhighlypopulatedareas.ThisveryItalianhabitcanbelinkedtothe

urbanarrangementofItaliantowns.ManyofthemdatebackthousandsofyearsandfeaturecentralPiaZZaS（广场）

andareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesthathavenowbecomegatheringplacesfortheyoung.Ifyou,reinItaly,

don,tbesurprisedbythesightofhundredsgatheredinapiazzaoronthestreet,laughinganddrinkingthenight

away.

36.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theuniquelifestylessharedbyAmericanandItalianteens

B.therelationshipbetweenyoungpeopleofAmericaandItaly

C.somecustomsandhabitsoftheAmericansandItalians

D.somedifferencesintraditionbetweenyoungAmericansandItalians

37.BysayingςςsomeItaliansworktolive,whilesomeAmericansoftenlivetowork",theauthormostprobably

wantstotellusthat.

A.Italianshaveabetterlifeattitudetowardworking

B.Americansaremorediligentandthusliveabetterlife

C.AmericansandItaliansbothfindithardtolocateasatisfyingjob

D.ItaliansandAmericanshavedifferentchoicesregardingwork

38.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.AmericanteenspracticesportsandsurftheInternettopasstime.

B.Italianyouthtakeanactivepartinextracurricularactivities.

C.Americanteensliketodriveoutandsocialtogetherinbiggroups.

D.Italianyouthenjoypizzaandbeerbecausetheyarecheap.

39.Ifthereisonemoreparagraphinthispassage,whatwillitmostprobablybeabout?

A.TheworkingconditionsoftheyoungAmericansandItalians.

B.Thedifferencesinpracticingsportsbetweenteensofthetwonations.

C.ThecentralpiazzasandareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesinItaly.

D.TheurbanarrangementofthehighlypopulatedAmericancities.

【36~39题答案】

【答案】36.D37.D38.A39.B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在对待工作和娱乐方面的一些明

显的差异。

【36题详解】

主旨大意题。第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmanyrespects,

havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandSPortS.（例如，意大利

年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方

面。）是文章的主题句，文章内容其他内容都围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异展开，故选D。

【37题详解】

推理判断题。根据上文Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especially

whenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.YoungItaliansliketoenjoylifetothefullandfeeltherewillbetimeto

workoncetheybecomeadults,hencethelackofinterestinfindingoddjobswhilestillinSChOOI.（此夕卜，还有一

种不同的文化态度需要考虑，尤其是考虑到意大利的某些地区。年轻的意大利人喜欢充分享受生活，觉

得一旦他们长大成人，就会有时间去工作，因此他们对在校期间找零工不感兴趣。）可知，意大利年轻

人是为了生活而去工作，而美国的年轻人工作是为了生活，作者想要通过这句话告诉我们意大利人和美

国人在工作上有不同的选择。故选D。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中Inalotofways,youngItaliansansandAmericansspendtheirfreetimeinasimilar

fashion.Listeningtomusic,watchingmovies,hangingout,practicingsportsandsurfingtheInternetareall

commonwaystopasssomefreetime.（在很多方面，年轻的意大利人和美国人以相似的方式度过他们的空

闲时间。听音乐、看电影、出去玩、锻炼身体和上网都是打发空闲时间的常见方式。）以及这一段中末

尾Ingeneral,Americanteensparticipateinalotofextracurricular（课夕卜的）activities,manyoftenthroughschool

可知，美国青少年通过运动和上网来打发时间。故选A。

【39题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmany

respects,havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandSPortS.（例如，

意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和

体育方面。）可知，作者想要说明意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在工作、娱乐和体育方面的差异，根据第

二段内容可知主要谈论了工作方面的差异，第三、四段谈论了娱乐方面，因此接下来会谈到体育方面的

差异。故如果这篇文章中还有一段话，最有可能是关于两国青少年在运动方面的差异。故选B。

【点睛】主旨大意主要的解题策略有：

（1）标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵

盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意

改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

（2）主旨类。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过

关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映

人物特点的形容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心

的o止匕时,要注意——些转折词，如but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。

当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准

确归纳主旨大意。如第一小题，根据第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,

thoughalikeinmanyrespects,havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,

PaStimeSandSPOrtS.（例如，意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差

异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。）以及文章主耍内容围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异

展开，故选DC

（C）

（华东师大三附中2021学年第二学期在线阶段检测）

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry,sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife

worthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,it

isnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyargue

thatitisfaultyconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecent

measures,theUK,sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhigh

growthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethe

warningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry,seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytotransformgrowthintowell-beingthrowssomelight

onthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthat

economicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthatjustfocusingonGDP,

over40differentsetsofcriteria（标准）fromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeen

measuredtogetamorecomprehensiveassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,there

hasbeenabudding（初见端倪的）economicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareas

suchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithall

countries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincluding

civilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofa

country,ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuring

theeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuch

asenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson,ssenseofwell-being.

TheshaɪphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtodeclineintheeveryday

servicesWedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimproving

well-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGPDfigurescouldavoidtheheralded（预示的）disasterandmay

evenseeprogress.

43.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.

A.theUKisreluctanttoreshapeitseconomicpattern

B.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelyopposedintheUK

C.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

44.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttherecentannualstudy?

A.Itissponsoredby163countries.B.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable.D.Itsresultsareinspiring.

45.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat.

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues

46.Whichofthefallowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

B.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertEKennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK,sGatewaytoWell-being

【43~46题答案】

【答案】43.B44.D45.C46.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了GDP作为衡量国家经济活动的标准是不够的，政策决定者还

要考虑其他提升民众幸福感的因素。

【43题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitis