中国智慧-文化面面观 课件 UNIT 6 Chinese Festivals and Family

UNIT6ChineseFestivalsandFamilyLearningObjectivesGiveaspeechonaChinesefestivalLearnaboutexpressionsonfestival1TalkaboutChinesefestivals23QuotationsIfyoutakemythandfolklore,andthesethingsthatspeakinsymbols,theycanbeinterpretedinsomanywaysthatalthoughtheactualimageisclearenough,theinterpretationisinfinitelyblurred,asortofenormousrainbowofeverypossiblecoloryoucouldimagine.--DianaWynneJonesTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingQuotations

Folkloreistheperfectsecondskin.Fromunderitshide,wecanseealltheshimmering,shadowyuncertaintiesoftheworld.--JaneYolenTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingFolkloreandCustomsofFilialPietyandReunionFestivalsTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingMostChinesepeoplearefamiliarwiththeDoubleNinthFestivalasadaytohonorandshowrespecttotheelderlyinChina.However,forthepeopleofFujianprovince,thereisanotherspecialdaydedicatedtofilialpietytowardstheaged,knownasthe“AogaoFestival”.ThisuniquefolktraditionalfestivaliscelebratedinFuzhouandisalsoknownasthe“FilialPietyFestival”.Onthe29thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,everyfamilyinFuzhouwakesupearlytocookaspecialsweetporridgecalled“Aogaoporridge”.Thisporridgeismadefromglutinousrice,brownsugar,peanuts,reddates,waterchestnuts,sesame,longan,andotheringredients.Familiesusethisporridgetoworshiptheirancestorsandofferittotheirrelativesandfriendsasagift.The“AogaoFestival”originatesfromthelegendof“Mulianwhoallegedly

rescuedhismother”.Accordingtothelegend,Mulian’smotherwaslockedupinacellintheunderworld.Mulianusedtobringdeliciousfoodforhismother,buttheguardswouldalwayseatitbeforeshecouldhaveany.Totricktheguards,Mulianmixedwaterchestnuts,peanuts,reddates,longans,brownsugar,andglutinousricetomakesweetporridge.Heputitinabowlwithahandfulofblacksesameandsentittohismother.Whentheprisonguardfoundtheporridgewasblack,heasked,“what’sthis?”Muliancasuallyreplied,“It’sAogaoporridge.”InFuzhoudialect,“gao”,whichsoundsthesameas“9”,means“dirty”.Theguardbelievedthattheporridgewasdirtyanddidnotdaretoeatit.Eventually,Mulian’smotherwasabletoenjoytheAogaoporridge.Therefore,thesweetporridgeisknownas“Aogaoporridge”becauseofitsblackcolorand“FilialPietyporridge”becauseofMulian’sdevotiontohismother.Additionally,inFujianculture,thefirstlunarmonthisdividedinto“three9s”,withthe9th,19th,and29thbeingknownas“uppernine”,“middlenine”,and“lastnine”,respectively.Thus,theporridgemadeonthe29thisalsoreferredtoas“lastnineporridge”.AsMulian’smotherwas29yearsoldwhenshewasimprisoned,Fuzhoupeopletraditionallybelievethatindividualswithanagecontaininga“9”maycourtmisfortuneandrequiremoreblessings.Asaresult,ithasbecomeacustomforpeoplewhoseagecontainsa“9”(suchas9,19,29,oranynumberendingin9)orisamultipleofnine(suchas18,27,36,oranynumbercovertlycontaining9)toeatabowlofthreadnoodlesforgoodhealthandpeaceonthisday,similartocelebratingtheirbirthdays.Additionally,marrieddaughtersareexpectedtosendabowlof“Aogaoporridge”witheggsandpigtrotterstotheirparents’homesasasignofrespect.Besidethetraditionalactivitiesofmoonworshipingandeatingmooncakes,XiamenpeoplehavedevelopedauniquecustomtocelebratetheMidAutumnFestival,knownastheBoCake.Legendhasitthatmorethan300yearsago,whenGeneralZhengChenggongstationedtroopsinXiamen,hissoldiersoftenfelthomesickduringtheMidAutumnFestival.Inordertoboostmoraleandprovideasenseofcomfort,Zheng’ssubordinate,HongXu,inventedadicegamblinggameandhelda“Mid-AutumnFestivalCake”party.Thegamewasplayedwithsixdiceandabowl,allowingsoldierstorollthediceinturn.Dependingonthenumberofredspotsonthedice,playerscouldwindifferentprizessuchasZhuangyuan(thefirstprize),Bangyan(thesecondplace),Tanhua(thethirdplace),Jinshi(thefourthplace),Juren(thefifthplace),orXiucai(thesixthplace).Ifallsixdiceshowedfourpoints,thewinnercouldclaimallthemooncakesonthetable.Ifthesixdiceshowedallthenumbersexceptfour,thelightswouldbeturnedoff,andeveryonewouldgrabthemooncakesinthedark.ZhengChenggongapprovedthatfromthe13thto18thdayofthelunarcalendar,thearmywouldtaketurnstoplaytheBoCakegameonasingleordoubleday.Overtime,thisgamehasbeenwidelyadoptedamongthepeopleandhasevolvedintoafascinatingfolkcustomactivity.InXiamen,theBoCakeisalsoknownas“MidAutumnFestivalBocake”or“Expocake”andhasbecomeanintegralpartofthecity’sMidAutumnFestivalcelebrations.Inthepast,theBoCakegamewasmostlyplayedamongcloserelatives,friends,orswornbrothersandsistersinXiamen.ParticipantswouldpooltogethertheirresourcestopreparemooncakesandgiftsasprizesandthengathertoplaytheBoCakegame.Thewinnerofthefirstprizewouldberesponsibleforpreparingaboxofmooncakesasoneoftheprizesforthefollowingyear’sBoCakegame,andfamilieswithnewlybornboyswouldpreparetwoboxesofmooncakesasanotherprizes.Inthisway,thenumberofcakeswouldincreaseeveryyear,andthetraditionoftheMid-AutumnFestivalBoCakehasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,becomingauniquefolkcustomactivityinXiamen.OnthenightoftheMid-AutumnFestival,everyfamilyinXiamenplaysthisfun-filledgame.CakeshopsinXiamenproducealargenumberofcakesduringthisevent,includingpies,Guangdongcakes,biscuit-stylecakes,oracombinationofthethreestyles.TheBoCakegameisnotjustforentertainmentduringthefestival,butitisalsobelievedtopredictpeople’sluckinthefollowingyear.PlayingBoCakeisahappyandauspiciousactivitythatbringspeopletogetherinjoyandcelebration.Nowadays,thegameisnotonlypopularamongXiamenpeoplebutalsoinfluencesthesurroundingareas,graduallyformingauniquemooncakecultureofMinnanpeople.ThefullmoonnightoftheMid-AutumnFestivalbecomesatimeofreunion,love,andfunforfriendsandfamilymembers.Theaforementionedlocalfestivalsandfolkcustomshighlighttheimportanceoffilialpietyandreunionamongthelocalpeople.Anothersignificantfestivalforreunionisthewintersolstice,whichisoneofthe24solartermsinChinaandfallsaroundDecember22eachyear.Fujianpeopleplacegreatimportanceonthisreunionfestival,anditiscustomaryforthewholefamilytocometogethertomake“roundness.”Tomakethese“roundness,”glutinousriceisgroundintoflourandlefttodryinthesunforseveraldaysbeforetheWinterSolstice.Onthenightbeforethefestival,theglutinousriceflourismixedwithboilingwatertomakeapaste,andthewholefamilysitsaroundthetabletoformthepasteintoball-shapeddumplingsinanactivitycalled“rubbingroundness,”whichsymbolizesreunion.Onthemorningofthewintersolstice,thewell-prepared“roundness”ismixedwithbrownsugarandusedinworshipingthegodsandancestors.Aftertheworship,theentirefamilysharesthefoodtogether.Legendhasitthatawoodcutteroncefellintoadeepcreekwhilecuttingfirewoodinthemountains.Hewasstuckinthecreekandcriedforhelp,butnobodycametohisaid.Aftertenyearsoflivinginthecreek,hewascoveredinhairandcouldfly.However,hehadlosthismemoryandwasunabletorecognizehisfamilymembers.Thewoodcutter’sfamilytookgoodcareofhim,feedinghimrounddumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflourandwater,whichgraduallyhelpedhimregainhismemoryandreconnectwithhisfamily.Sincethen,thecustomofrubbingroundnesshasbecomepopular,anditservesasareminderoftheimportanceoffamilyandreunionduringthewintersolstice.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsoriginate:v.formaltocomefromaparticularplaceorstartinaparticularsituation起源于e.g.Howdidtheplanoriginate?originatefrome.g.Alotofourmedicinesoriginatefromtropicalplants.originateine.g.ManyChristmastraditionsoriginatedinGermany.originatewithe.g.TheideaoriginatedwiththeancientGreekphilosophers.originatease.g.Thetownoriginatedasasmallfishingport.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsallegedly:adv.usedwhenreportingsomethingthatpeoplesayistrue,althoughithasnotbeenproved据传e.g.TheincidentsallegedlyoccurredbetweenJanuary1995andOctober1996.rescue:v.tosavesomeoneorsomethingfromasituationofdangerorharm营救e.g.Survivorsofthecrashwererescuedbyhelicopter.devotion:n.thestronglovethatyoushowwhenyoupayalotofattentiontosomeoneorsomething热爱e.g.Alannahasalwaysshownintensedevotiontoherchildren.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsstation:v.tosendsomeoneinthemilitarytoaparticularplaceforaperiodoftimeaspartoftheirmilitaryduty驻扎e.g.Iwasstationedoverseasatthetime.boost:v.toincreaseorimprovesomethingandmakeitmoresuccessful促进e.g.Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsgrab:v.totakeholdofsomeoneorsomethingwithasuddenorviolentmovement抓住e.g.Igrabbedmybagandranoff.integral:adj.forminganecessarypartofsomething构成整体所必需的e.g.Vegetablesareanintegralpartofourdiet.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationspredict:v.tosaythatsomethingwillhappen,beforeithappens预言e.g.Saleswerefivepercentlowerthanpredicted.predict(that)e.g.NewspaperspredictedthatDaviswouldbere-elected.predictwhether/what/howetce.g.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatthelong-termeffectsoftheaccidentwillbe.bepredictedtodosomethinge.g.Unemploymentispredictedtoincreaseto700,000bytheendoftheyear.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsauspicious:adj.showingthatsomethingislikelytobesuccessful猜疑的e.g.Saccani’sexcellentrecordingisanauspiciousstarttowhatpromisestobeadistinguishedmusicalcareer.regain:v.togetsomethingback,especiallyanabilityorquality,thatyouhavelost恢复e.g.Thefamilyneverquiteregaineditsformerinfluence.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsMulianRescuesHisMotherorMulianSavesHisMotherFromHellisapopularChineseBuddhisttalefirstattestedinaDunhuangmanuscriptdatingtotheearly9thcenturyCE.ItisanelaborationofthecanonicalYulanpenSutrawhichwastranslatedfromIndicsourcesbyDharmarakṣasometimebetween265and311CE.MulianseeksthehelpoftheBuddhatorescuehismother,whohasbeenrebornintheHell.Muliancannotrescueherbyhisindividualeffort,however,butisinstructedbytheBuddhatoofferfoodandgiftstomonksandmonasteriesonthefifteenthdayoftheseventhlunarmonth,whichestablishedtheGhost.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingWhileMulian'sdevotiontohismotherreassuredEastAsiansthatBuddhismdidnotunderminetheConfucianvalueoffilialpietyandhelpedtomakeBuddhismintoaChinesereligion,italsoreflectedstrongundercurrentsoffilialpietythatexistedthroughoutIndianBuddhismasevidencedthroughitscanonicaltextsandepigraphicalremains.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.Aogaoporridgeismadeofthefollowingmaterials,exceptglutinousrice B.peanuts C.waterchestnuts D.salt2.Whichofthefollowingnumberdoesnotcontaintheovert“9”?19 B.27 C.29 D.393.Whichofthefollowingnumberdoesnotcontainthecovert“9”?18 B.27 C.28 D.364.Theforkcustom,MidAutumnFestivalBocake,isbelievedtohavesomethingtodowith________.A.Zuo

Zongtang B.ZhengChenggong C.QiJiguang D.LinZexuUnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.5.Theactivitiesinthe“Mid-AutumnFestivalCake”partyincludethefollowing,exceptplaythegamblinggameofrollingthedice eatcakesC.dance D.drinktea6.Theactivity,“rubbingroundness”,isusuallydoneduringthefollowingfestival.A.thewintersolstice B.AogaoFestival C.MidAutumnFestival D.DoubleNinthFestivalUnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Discussthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroups.Manyfestivalsaresetspeciallyforshowingrespecttoaparticulargroupofpeople,pleasefigureoutone,excepttheDoubleNinthFestivalandAogaoFestival,andsharewithyourpartner.2.DoyouknowanylocalforkcustomactivitylikeBoCake?Pleasefindoneandintroducetotheclass.3.PleasemakeacomparisonofthefestivalsforreunionbetweenChineseandaforeignculture.UnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading在英格兰，圣诞节和新年照例要喜气洋洋地庆祝一番，交换礼物，举办晚餐和晚会。当然，我与这些享受一概无缘，我的那份快乐就是目睹姐姐们下楼走到客厅去会友；然后，听着楼下弹钢琴或竖琴的声音，男管家和男仆来回走动的脚步声，上茶点时玻璃和瓷器碰撞的叮当声，随着客厅门开闭时断断续续传来的谈话声。当我听厌了，便会从楼梯口退到孤寂的保育室：在那里，虽然有点悲伤，但我并不痛苦。

ChristmasandtheNewYearhadbeencelebratedatEnglandwiththeusualfestivecheer;presentshadbeeninterchanged,dinnersandeveningpartiesgiven.FromeveryenjoymentIwas,ofcourse,excluded:myshareofthegaietyconsistedinseeingmysistersdescendtothedrawing-roomtomeettheirfriends;andafterwards,inlisteningtothesoundofthepianoortheharpplayedbelow,tothepassingtoandfroofthebutlerandfootman,tothejinglingofglassandChinaasrefreshmentswerehanded,tothebrokenhumofconversationasthedrawing-roomdooropenedandclosed.Whentiredofthisoccupation,Iwouldretirefromthestairheadtothesolitaryandsilentnursery:there,thoughsomewhatsad,Iwasnotmiserable.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading说实话，我一点也不想进去凑热闹，因为就是去了我也很少被注意到。随后，我把洋娃娃放在膝头呆坐着，直到炉火渐熄，还时不时地环顾四周，以确保除了我没有更可怕的东西光临这阴暗的房间；当余烬变成暗红色时，我匆匆忙忙地脱去衣服，钻进小床，躲避寒冷和黑暗。我总是把我的玩偶带到床上，人总得爱一些什么，在缺乏更值得爱的东西的情况下，我便设想以珍爱一个褪了色的玩偶来寻求乐趣，尽管这个布娃娃已经破烂不堪。Tospeaktruth,Ihadnottheleastwishtogointocompany,forincompanyIwasveryrarelynoticed.Ithensatwithmydollonmykneetillthefiregotlow,glancingroundoccasionallytomakesurethatnothingworsethanmyselfhauntedtheshadowyroom;andwhentheemberssanktoadullred,Iundressedhastilyandsoughtshelterfromcoldanddarknessinmycrib.TothiscribIalwaystookmydoll;humanbeingsmustlovesomething,and,inthedearthofworthierobjectsofaffection,Icontrivedtofindapleasureinlovingandcherishingafadedandshabbygravenimage.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading可我当时是带着何等荒谬的真诚来溺爱这小玩偶呀！我相信只有把它裹进我的睡衣里我才能入睡。当它安全而温暖地躺在那里时，我便觉得快乐多了，而且相信它也会快乐。WhatabsurdsincerityIdoatedonthislittletoy!IfirmlybelievedthatIcouldnotsleepunlessitwasfoldedinmynight-gown;andwhenitlaytheresafeandwarm,Iwascomparativelyhappy,believingittobehappylikewise.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingLanternFestival,alsocalledShangyuanFestival,isaChinesetraditionalfestivalcelebratedonthefifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth.Tocelebratethisfestival,FuzhoupeoplewouldgotoNanhoujie,wherehand-madelanternsinFuzhou______(originate),tobuyandwatchallkindsoflanterns.This______(develop)intoalocalcustom.ThelanternsinNanhoujiecameintobeingintheSongDynastyandfullygrewintheMingandQingdynasties,______(rank)firstinthelanternfestivalofPekingthestatecapital.Cominginallshapesandforms,suchasallkindsofanimals,fruits,vegetablesandflowers,thelanternsarebrightincolorandeye-catching,richintheuniquelocalflavorofFuzhou.FromthelunarnewyeartotheEveofLanternFestival,localpeopleoriginated

hasdeveloped

ranking

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading______(give)lanternsasgifts.ParentswouldcustomarilygivetheirmarrieddaughteralanternbecauseintheFuzhoudialect,“deng(lantern)”and“ding(baby)”______(bear)asimilarsound.Togivealanternmeanstohaveababy.ThelanternmarketinNanhoujie______(start)onthethirddayofthefirstlunarmonthandendsontheLanternFestival.Themostexcitingpartisfromtheeighthdaytothetwelfthdayandthereisaproverbwhich______(say),“Theeighthdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthebesttimetowatchlanterns.ThenightoftheLanternFestivalisalsoanightoffunforkids.Parents______(light)lanternsfortheirchildrentojointhelanternparadeofkidsintheneighbourhood.Since2007,Fuzhou______(hold)“NanhoujieLanternShow”beforeandaftertheLanternFestivalinNanhoujieandotherplaces.Attheendof2008,FuzhouNanhoujie______(grant)thetitleof“HomeofChineseFolkCultureandArt”bytheMinistryofCultureforitslanterns.wouldgive

bear

starts

says

wouldlight

hasbeenholding

goes

wasgranted

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingIII.Retellthestorymentionedin“FolkloreandCustomsofFilialPietyandReunionFestivals”.IV.SpeakonthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.CanyoupleasecompareaChinesefestivalwithaforeignone?Pleasepayattentiontobothsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwo.Whatisthesignificanceandfunctionoffestivals?Pleasedoresearchonthistopicandpresentyourfindingstotheclass.PleaseconductaresearchonfestivalsthatareheldtomemorizethedeceasedinChinaandaforeigncountry.Basedonyourresearch,provideyourthoughtsonthedifferencesbetweenthetwofestivals.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingV.CriticalthinkingYouarerequiredtoconductacarefulstudyontheattitudesofChineseandforeignculturestowardstheelderlyandidentifyanydifferencesthatexistandtheirunderlyingcauses.Furthermore,youneedtoanalyzethetraditionalcaregivingresponsibilitiesoffamilymemberstowardstheelderlyinChinaandWesternsocietiesandreflectontheimpactofmodernizationandeconomicdevelopmentontheseduties.Also,findafestivalorcelebrationdedicatedtotheelderlyinaWesterncountry,andcompareitwithChinesetraditionsoffilialpiety,emphasizinganysimilaritiesanddifferencesbetw