新视野英语教程（第四版）读写教程3 课件 Unit-8 Smart Machines and Peoples Lives

新视野英语教程读写教程3第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic▶ReadingThrough▶BasicWritingSkills▶ReadingMore▶PracticalWriting▶ChineseWisdom▶SmartMachinesandPeople’sLivesUnit8Inrecentyears,theboundariesbetweenhumansandmachinesarebecomingincreasinglyblurred.Peoplearestartingtowonderifmachineswillonedayreplacehumans.Thoughthisideamayseemshocking,itreflectstheimpactthatmachinesnowhaveonourlives.Machines,especiallysmartones,aretransformingourlifestyles.Forbetterorworse?It’suptoyoutoanswerthisquestion.Inthissection,you’llhearashorttalkaboutatypeofhi-techbeerglass.Whilelistening,answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationyouhear.•Whatwillthehi-techbeerglassdowhenithasbeenemptied?Itwilltellwaitersto(1)________________.•Whycanwaitersreceivethemessagefromthehi-techbeerglass?•Whatdoesthehi-techbeerglasssendtowaiters?•WhatdosomeBritishpeoplethinkofthehi-techbeerglass?Becausetheglasses(2)_________________hand-heldcomputersonfrequenciessimilartothoseusedbycellphones.Itsends(3)________________formorebeertowaiters.Itsoundslike(4)_____________,butitmightnotworkintheU.K.bringanotherbeerareequippedwithanelectroniccryafunideaAdditionalActivitiesWhatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesofbiometricdevices?Whatdoyouthinkarethedisadvantagesofbiometricdevices?Howdoyouidentifyyourselfwhenyouwanttodrawmoneyfromabank?Doyouliketheideaofamachinethatrecognizesyourface?Why/Whynot?Giveyourreasons.TheMachineThatKnowsYourFaceWarming-upTofindthedoubtsandproblemsputforwardbyotherpeopleandtheexplanationsandsolutionsofferedbytheauthorandthengetthemtofillinthefollowingtable:DoubtsandProblemsExplanationsandSolutionsExamplesWarming-upTextStructureTextPartsParagraphsMainIdeasIntroductionPara.1-2A.Definitionofbiometrics:Anewtechnologythatgetsinformationfromthepartsofthebody.B.Popularizationofbiometricmachines.BodyPara.3-7Doubts,Problems,ExplanationsandSolutions.Doubtsandproblems:Biometrictechnologieswillinvadeprivacy.Explanations:Personalinformationiskeptconfidential.Doubtsandproblems:Fingerprintshavenegativeassociationsandhavelimiteduse.Solutions:Facerecognitionorhand-scanningcanbeused.Doubtsandproblems:Voicerecognitionorface

recognitioncanbetrickedandhand-scanninghas

constraints.Solutions:Newerandmoresophisticatedtechnologieswillbeinvented.TextATheMachineThatKnowsYourFace

Atagasstation,amanstopstodepositmoneyandthencashhispaycheck.Themachineknowshisface,andinaminutethemanleaveswithhiscash.

Atalargeuniversity,studentsuseahand-scanningmachinethatauthorizestheirentryintothegym.

Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeoplebytheirphysicalcharacteristics.Thesenewdevicesusefingers,hands,faces,eyesandvoices.Somemachinesmayevenusesmells.

Thisnewtechnology,calledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.会认人的机器在一个加油站，一个人停下来存钱，然后兑现他的工资支票。他使用的自动取款机认得他的面孔，于是一会儿工夫，那个人便拿着现金离去了。在一所规模很大的大学里，一台手部扫描机被用来判断学生们可否获准进入体育馆。这些人正在使用的是“智能机器”，它们能借助人们的身体特征识别人员身份。这些新型装置通过手指、手、脸、眼睛和声音来进行识别。有些机器甚至能靠气味来识别。这一被称为“生物识别技术”的新技术能从身体的某些部分获取信息。TextAInthepast,biometricmachineswereusedmainlyingovernmentagenciesorinprisons.

Butnowthatthecostofthetechnologyislower,thesemachinesarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromborderservicestoschools.过去，采用生物识别技术的机器主要在政府部门或者监狱里使用。但是现在，由于该技术的成本下降，这些机器开始被广泛使用，使用场所大到边境管理，小到学校。TextASomepeople,however,areconcernedthatthesemachineswillmeanthedestructionofpersonalprivacy.Theyworrythatthemachineswillgetpersonalinformationaboutthem.

“Iknowitseemslikethesemachinesareinvadingourprivacy,butactually,biometricmachineshelptoprotectit,”saysJay,whoworksatacompanythatdevelopsthemachines.

“Theycanbeusedwithoutpasswordsonacomputer,forexample.

Theycanalsoidentifycriminalsatairports.

So,really,theyhelptopromotepublicsafety,andalltheinformationstorediskeptconfidentialbythemachineitself.”然而，有些人担心这些机器将意味着破坏个人隐私。他们担心机器会获取其个人信息。“我知道，这些机器看似正在侵害我们的隐私，但事实上采用生物识别技术的机器有助于保护个人隐私,”

在一家开发这种机器的公司工作的杰伊说，“比如，这些机器可以用来代替电脑上的密码。它们还能在机场辨认出罪犯。因此，它们实际上有助于加强公众安全，而且所有储存的信息都由机器本身秘密保存。”TextASomepeopledon’tliketheideaofusingfingerprintsbecausetheyassociatethemwithcriminals,andpeoplewouldfeellike

theywerebeingaccusedofsomething.

Inaddition,theydon’tworkforsomepeople,suchasbricklayers,whoweardowntheirfingerprints.

Yet,facerecognitiondoesworkwellbecausethesubjectdoesn’treallyhavetodoanything.

Tocashacheckatabank,forexample,thecustomerhastodonothingmorethan

lookatamachinesimilartoanATM.Ifthefacematchesthepicturekepton

file,thecustomergetsthemoneywithnoproblems.Theneedtocarryidentificationwithyoufromplacetoplace,then,wouldallbutcease.有些人不喜欢指纹识别的做法，因为指纹令他们联想到罪犯，感觉好像自己被指控犯罪一样。另外，指纹识别对有些人不适用，如砌砖工人，因为他们的指纹都被磨平了。不过，脸部识别很有用，因为被识别者根本不需要做什么。比如，在银行兑现支票时，顾客只需向一台和自动取款机差不多的机器看一眼就行，别的什么也不用做。如果脸部特征与档案中保存的照片相吻合，顾客就能顺利地取到钱。这样一来，带着身份证到处跑的情况就不存在了。TextAIthasbeenfoundthatthehandscanworkswellinthecollegegym.Beforethismachinewasused,studentsatthecollegeenteredthegymusingcardssimilartocreditcards.Theproblemwasthatstudentsoftenlostorforgottheircards.

Withthehand-scanningmachine,however,theproblemwassolvedrightaway.人们发现使用手部扫描技术在大学体育馆里应用效果很好。在使用这台机器以前，学生们使用类似信用卡的卡片进入体育馆。可问题是，学生们经常丢失或忘记带他们的卡。不过，有了手部扫描机，问题也就迎刃而解了。TextAButthemachinesarestillnew,andtherecanbeproblems.

Forexample,voicerecognitionworksonthephone,butitisnotprecise,andcanbetricked.Anotherconstraintwenotice,withmachinesthatusefacerecognitioninparticular,isthattheycanbefooledifpeoplecolortheirhairorgainalotofweight.

Thisparticularproblemmaybesolvedbyanewtypeoftechnologythatscansaperson’siris,thecoloredpartoftheeye.

Itcanevenidentifythepersonfromafewfeetaway,recognizingacustomerastheyapproachtheATM.但是这些采用生物识别技术的机器是新产品，因此可能会出现问题。例如，声音识别在电话上可以发挥作用，但它不够精确，因此可能被别人用假声欺骗。我们注意到这种机器的另一个局限性，尤其对识别脸部的机器来说，如果人们染了发或者长胖了，它们就识别不出。一种扫描人的虹膜——眼睛中有色部分——的新技术，可以解决这一特定问题。当顾客走近自动取款机时，它甚至可以在几英尺之外就把他（她）识别出来。TextAThehandscanattheuniversityhadsomeproblemsatfirst,aswell.“Atthebeginningoftheschoolyear,manyofthegirlsworetheirboyfriend’srings.Iftheystoppedwearingtheringslater,themachinerejectedthem,”saysManuela.“Nowwehaveanewermachine,

anditseemstobemakingallowancesfor

thefactthatpeoplemaybewearingringsonedayandnotthenext.”大学里使用的手部扫描机刚开始使用时也有问题。“新学年伊始，许多女孩都戴上了来自男友的戒指。如果之后她们不戴了，那么机器就不让她们进入，”曼努埃拉说道，“现在我们有了一台技术更先进的机器，它似乎考虑了这一事实，即人们有时戴戒指，有时不戴戒指。”TextAThispassageaimstointroducebiometricdevicestothereaderandconvincethemoftheiradvantages.Indoingso,theauthorusestheproblem-solutionpattern,thatis,theyputforwardthedoubtsorproblemsassociatedwiththenewdevicesandthentheydismissthedoubtsorprovidesolutionstotheproblems.Inthiswaytheargumentseemsverypersuasive.MainIdea→Exercisee.g.Peopleusedtodepositmoneyinthebankwhentheinterestratewashigher.过去利率较高时，人们常常把钱存到银行里。depositvt.1)toputmoneyorsomethingvaluableinabankorotherplacewhereitwillbesafe存钱；存放（贵重物品）BacktoTextvt.e.g.Sandwasdepositedandhardenedintosandstone.沙经过沉积后固结形成砂岩。2)letfall(finesubstances)andleavelying使沉积e.g.Shemadetwodepositsof$500lastmonth.上个月她存了两次钱，每次500美元。depositn.1)[C]asumofmoneyplacedorkeptinabankusuallytogaininterest存款BacktoTextn.e.g.Youhavetopayadepositifyou’dliketomakeareservationforasuiteinthishotel.如果你想在这个旅馆订一个套间，你必须付订金。2)[C]thefirstpartofapaymentforgoodsorservice,asasignthatthepaymentwillbecompleted订金；预付款e.g.Ijustgetasmallpaycheckeverymonth.我每个月只得到一份菲薄的工薪。paycheck[C]apieceofpaperthatyouremployergivesyouasyourwagesorsalary,andwhichyoucanthencashatabank工资支票BacktoTextn.e.g.Theysawhimgetintohiscar,andinaminuteitwasoutofsight.他们看见他钻进小汽车，然后一眨眼汽车就没影了。inaminuteinaveryshortperiodoftime很快地BacktoTexte.g.

Sheauthorizedherpartnertocarryoutthedailyresponsibilitiesonherbehalfwhenshewasonherbusinesstrip.她授权她的合伙人在她出差期间代为处理日常事务。authorizegiveformalpermissiontoorfor授权；批准BacktoTextvt.e.g.

Ihaven’tbeentoagymforages.我好久没去健身房了。gym[C]aroomorhallwithequipmentfordoingphysicalexercise,forexampleinaschool健身房；体育馆BacktoTextn.e.g.

Physicalactivitypromotesgoodhealth.体育运动促进身体健康。physical1)connectedwithaperson’sbodyratherthantheirmind身体的；肉体的BacktoTextadj.e.g.

Whetherinthephysicalworldorinourminds,thisprinciplestands.无论在现实世界中，还是在我们的头脑里，这个规律都成立。2)connectedwiththingsthatactuallyexistorarepresentandcanbeseen,felt,etc.ratherthanthingsthatonlyexistinaperson’smind物质的；有形的e.g.

Sowhywouldanimalsevolveacharacteristicthatseemstoendangerthem?那么，为什么动物会进化出一种似乎会危及它们自身的特性呢？characteristicn.[C](usuallyplural)atypicalfeatureorqualitythatsomething/somebodyhas特征；特色BacktoTextn.&adj.e.g.

Feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.发烧是全年龄段的人患上流感的典型特征之一。adj.verytypicalofsomethingorofsomebody’scharacter典型的；独特的e.g.

Can

biometrics

makebankingmoresecure?生物识别技术能让银行业务更安全吗？biometrics[U]technologythatusesmeasurementsofpeople’seyes,features,fingerprints,etc.inordertoidentifythem生物识别技术BacktoTextn.Thedevicethatcanidentifyyoubyyourfacialfeatures.TheMachineThatKnowsYourFace(Title)MeaningBacktoTextNotethatthetitlereferstoatypeofmachinethatcanidentifypeoplebytheirbodypartssuchasfaces,voicesandfingerprints.Atastationwherepetrolcanbebought,amanstopstodepositsomemoneyandexchangethecheckthatpayshiswagesfortheamountofmoneyitisworth.Atagasstation,amanstopstodepositmoneyandthencashhispaycheck.MeaningBacktoTextNotetheauthorgivesthisexamplefirstinordertoarousetheinterestofthereaders.Asweknow,peoplenormallygetacheckcashedinabankinsteadofatagasstation.Thistechniquegetsreadersinterestedenoughtoreadon.Atthegasstation,thereisamachinethatcantelltheidentityofthemanbymatchinghisfacewiththeinformationonfile,soverysoonthemangetshismoneyandleavesthestation.Themachineknowshisface,andinaminutethemanleaveswithhiscash.MeaningBacktoTextAtabiguniversity,studentsgetformalpermissiontoenteragymhalltoexercisebyshowingtheirhandstoamachineandhavingthemexamined.Atalargeuniversity,studentsuseahand-scanningmachinethatauthorizestheirentryintothegym.MeaningBacktoTextThemanatthegasstationandtheuniversitystudentsgoingforexerciseareusing“smartmachines”—akindofmachinewithintelligence,whichcanprovepeople’sidentitybycheckingthespecialfeaturesoftheirbodyparts.Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeoplebytheirphysicalcharacteristics.MeaningBacktoTextThisnewtechnologywhichiscalledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.Thisnewtechnology,calledbiometrics,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.BiometricpassportsarealreadythenorminmostEuropeancountries.生物认证科技护照在大部分欧洲国家已经普及。biometricusingmeasurementsofhumanfeatures,suchasfingersoreyes,inordertoidentifypeople有生物识别功能的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Shewassenttoamaximum-securityprison.她被送进高度戒备的监狱里。prison[C;U]abuildingwherecriminalsarekeptasapunishment监狱；看守所BacktoTextn.e.g.ThetraincrossestheborderbetweenFranceandSpain.火车穿越法国和西班牙的边境。bordern.1)[C]thedividinglinebetweentwocountries边境；边界BacktoTextn.&v.e.g.Thepicturewouldlookbetterwithaborderaroundit.配上边框，这幅画就更漂亮了。n.2)[C]abandalongoraroundtheedgeofsomethingsuchasapictureorpieceofmaterial边；边框e.g.Willowtreesborderedtheriver.河岸两旁柳树成行。v.formaborderto与……接壤；与……毗邻Inthepast,usuallyonlygovernmentagenciesorprisonsusedbiometricmachines.Inthepast,biometricmachineswereusedmainlyingovernmentagenciesorinprisons.MeaningBacktoTextHowever,sincethetechnologyisgettinglessexpensive,peoplearebeginningtousethesemachinesinmanyotherplaces,rangingfromofficialplaceslikestatedepartmentsatborderstomoreordinaryoneslikeschoolsButnowthatthecostofthetechnologyislower,thesemachinesarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromborderservicestoschools.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Water,notwind,isthemainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane.当飓风来临时，造成死亡和破坏的主要原因是洪水，而不是大风。destruction[U]theactofdestroyingorstateofbeingdestroyed破坏；毁坏BacktoTextn.e.g.Thesemenwereviolatingherfamily’s

privacy.这些人侵犯了她的家庭隐私。privacy[U]thestateofbeingfreefrompublicattention隐私BacktoTextn.e.g.Acrowdofyouthsinvadedthepeaceoftheeveningwiththeirsingingandshouting.一帮年轻人又唱又喊，侵扰了夜晚的宁静。invade1)enterintoandspoil侵扰BacktoTextv.e.g.We’llwipeoutanyenemythatdarestoinvadeourterritory.敌人胆敢来犯，我们就把它消灭。2)goorcomeintoandattack,soastotakecontrolof(acountry,city,etc.)武力入侵；侵略e.g.Noonecouldusethecomputerunlesstheyhada

password.没密码者不能使用这台计算机。password1)[C]asecretwordthatyoumusttypeinordertouseasystemorprogram密码BacktoTextn.e.g.Wemustkeepthepasswordsecretfromthespies.我们必须对暗语保密，不让密探知道。2)[C]asecretwordorphrasethatyouneedtoknowinordertobeallowedintoaplace（进入军营等地的）口令，暗号e.g.Inmostpeople’seyesshewasnothingmorethanacommoncriminal.在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。criminaln.[C]apersonwhocommitsacrime罪犯BacktoTextn.&adj.e.g.Deliberatedamagetopublicpropertyisacriminaloffence.蓄意破坏公物是犯罪行为。adj.connectedwithorinvolvingcrime犯罪的；犯法的e.g.WetriedourbesttogetHenryoffthetopic,becauseweknewhe’drevealconfidentialinformation.我们尽力把亨利从那个话题上引开，因为我们知道他会泄漏机密信息。confidentialspokenorwritteninsecretandintendedtobekeptsecret保密的；机密的BacktoTextadj.Butsomepeopleareafraidthatwiththesesmartdevices,peoplewillnotbeabletokeeptheirpersonalinformationtothemselvesandwillthuscompletelylosethefreedomtokeepinformationfromotherpeople.Somepeople,however,areconcernedthatthesemachineswillmeanthedestructionofpersonalprivacy.MeaningBacktoText“Iunderstandthatthesedevicesappeartoattackourfreedomtokeeppersonalinformationfromotherpeople,butinfact,machinesbasedonthetechnologyofbiometricshelptoprotectthisfreedomofours,”saysJay,amemberofacompanywherethemachinesarerefinedandproduced.“Iknowitseemslikethesemachinesareinvadingourprivacy,butactually,biometricmachineshelptoprotectit,”saysJay,whoworksatacompanythatdevelopsthemachines.MeaningBacktoTextForinstance,inordertooperateacomputersystem,onedoesnothavetotypeinasecretgroupoflettersornumbersasusual.Instead,onecanusebiometricmachines.Theycanbeusedwithoutpasswordsonacomputer,forexample.MeaningBacktoTextTheycanalsofindcriminalsatairports.Theycanalsoidentifycriminalsatairports.MeaningBacktoTextTherefore,thesemachinesactuallyhelptokeepinformationsafeforthepublic,andthemachineswillkeepsecretallthepersonalinformationtheyhave.So,really,theyhelptopromotepublicsafety,andalltheinformationstorediskeptconfidentialbythemachineitself.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Thecourtheardevidencefromafingerprintexpert.法院听取了指纹专家的证词。fingerprint[C]amarkmadebythepatternoflinesonthetipofaperson’sfinger,oftenusedbythepolicetoidentifycriminals指纹BacktoTextn.feellikefeelasif…觉得好像BacktoTexte.g.Beingtreatedthatway,Ifeltlikeachild.被那样对待让我觉得自己像个小孩。e.g.Whenthepolicechargesomeonewithcommittingacrime,theyformallyaccusethemofit.当警察认为某个人犯了罪，他们会正式起诉他。accusecharge(someone)withdoingwrongorbreakingthelaw指责；控告BacktoTextvt.e.g.Thebricklayerontheroofwascallingformoretiles.房顶上的瓦工正在叫人递上更多的瓦片。bricklayer[C]apersonwhosejobistobuildwalls,etc.withbricks砌筑工；瓦工BacktoTextn.e.g.Shewantstobuyapairofshoesbecausetheheelsoftheoldonesareworndown.因为那双旧鞋的鞋跟都磨平了，所以她想再买双鞋。weardowngraduallyreducethesizeorqualityof（使）磨损BacktoTexte.g.Hisworkisnothingmorethannewcombinationsofoldmaterials.他的作品不过是把旧素材拼凑翻新罢了。nothingmorethanjust;only(usedtoemphasizehowextremesomethingis)仅仅；只不过BacktoTexte.g.IsthereanATMnearhere?Ineedtogetsomemoneyout。附近有自动取款机吗？我得取些钱。ATMshortformforautomatedtellermachine自动取款机BacktoTexte.g.Thefilewaslabelled“Private.”那档案已标明“保密”。filen.[C]aboxorfoldedpieceofcardforkeepingloosepaperstogetherandinorder;acollectionofinformationstoredtogetherinacomputer,underaparticularname档案；卷宗BacktoTextn.e.g.Theyareallfiledalphabeticallyunderauthor.它们都是在作者一栏下面按字母顺序来归档的。vt.putandkeepdocuments,etc.inaparticularplaceandinaparticularordersothatyoucanfindthemeasily;toputadocumentintoafile把……归档e.g.Ilookedthroughallthelettersonfile,butIdidnotfindtheoneIwanted.我查遍了所有入档的信件，就是找不到我想要的那封。onfilestoredinafile存档BacktoTexte.g.Hedidnothaveanyidentificationwhenhearrivedatthehospital.他到医院的时候没有任何身份证明。1)[U]something(suchasanofficialpaper)whichisprooforasignofidentity身份证明；身份证件BacktoTextn.e.g.Before1973,fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimeusedtobephotographedforidentificationpurposes1973年以前，犯罪现场的指纹常被拍摄下来作为识别用途。2)[U]theactofidentifyingorfactofbeingidentified确认；识别identificatione.g.Thehousewasallbutempty.这所房子简直是空空如也。allbutalmost;nearly几乎；差不多BacktoTexte.g.Theythreatenedtoceasefinancialsupporttotheuniversity.他们威胁将停止向大学提供财政支援。ceasestop(especiallyanactivityorstate)停止；结束BacktoTextv.Somepeopledon’tliketheideaofusingfingerprintsbecausetheyassociatethemwithcriminals,andpeoplewouldfeelliketheywerebeingaccusedofsomething.BacktoTextSomepeopledislikethethoughtofusingfingerprintsasanidentifyingmethod,becausefingerprintsmakepeoplethinkofcriminals,andthisgivesthemafeelingthattheyarebeingchargedwithbreakingthelaw.MeaningInaddition,theydon’tworkforsomepeople,suchasbricklayers,whoweardowntheirfingerprints.BacktoTextWhat’smore,somepeoplecannotbeidentifiedbytheirfingerprints,forexample,bricklayers,whosefingerprintshavebeenremovedgraduallybytheirwork.MeaningNotethatthewordtheyreferstofingerprints.Yet,facerecognitiondoesworkwellbecausethesubjectdoesn’treallyhavetodoanything.BacktoTextButmachinesthatidentifypeoplebytheirfacesareeffective,becausethepersonwhoisbeingidentifiedinthiswaydoesnothavetodoanything.MeaningTocashacheckatabank,forexample,thecustomerhastodonothingmorethanlookatamachinesimilartoanATM.BacktoTextForinstance,toexchangeacheckformoneyincoinsandnotes,thecustomeronlyneedstolookatamachine,whichlookslikeanATMthatautomaticallyprovidescashandperformsotherbankservicesasaspecialcardisputintoit.MeaningIfthefacematchesthepicturekeptonfile,thecustomergetsthemoneywithnoproblems.BacktoTextIfthemachinefindsthecustomer’sfaceisthesameastheonethatiskeptinitsdatacollection,thecustomerwillgetthemoneysmoothly.MeaningTheneedtocarryidentificationwithyoufromplacetoplace,then,wouldallbutcease.BacktoTextItwouldnolongerbenecessaryforyoutocarryyouridentitycardwhereveryougo.MeaningIthasbeenfoundthatthehandscanworkswellinthecollegegym.BacktoTextPeoplefinditveryhelpfultousehand-scanningmachinestoidentifystudentswhowanttogetintothegymoftheuniversity.MeaningBeforethismachinewasused,studentsatthecollegeenteredthegymusingcardssimilartocreditcards.BacktoTextBeforethehand-scanningmachinewasused,collegestudentsgotintothegymbyshowingaspecialcardwhichlookedlikeacreditcard.MeaningWiththehand-scanningmachine,however,theproblemwassolvedrightaway.BacktoTextButwhentheuniversityusedthemachinethatcouldidentifypeoplebytheirhands,theissueceasedtoexist.Meaninge.g.Theprecisemeaningofthistermhasalwaysbeenambiguous.这个术语的确切意思一直都很模棱两可。preciseexactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.精确的；准确的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Nevertheless,occasionallyhiseyestrickhim.不过，偶尔他的眼睛也会欺骗他。trickvt.cheatordeceiveortopracticetrickeryordeception欺骗；哄骗BacktoTextvt.&n.e.g.Hertearswerejustatricktodeceiveothers.她的眼泪只是欺骗别人的诡计。n.[C]somethingyoudoinordertodeceivesomeone诡计；花招e.g.Constraintsintermsoffundshaveslowedthespeedofthedevelopment.资金方面的制约使得发展速度放慢。constraint1)[C]somethingthatlimitsone’sfreedomofaction;restriction限制；限定BacktoTextn.2)[U]controloverthewaypeopleareallowedtobehave,sothattheycannotdowhattheywant约束；严管e.g.Theyhavecalledonthemilitarytoshowconstraint.他们呼吁军方要有所克制。e.g.Exercisewillmakeyourmusclesstrongandpreventyoufromgainingweight.锻炼可以使你的肌肉变得强壮，并避免发胖。gainweightgetfatter变胖；体重增加BacktoTexte.g.Irisscanningcanworkfromadistance.虹膜扫描可以在远距离操作。iris[C]theroundcoloredpartthatsurroundsthepupilofyoureye虹膜BacktoTextn.Forinstance,althoughthepracticeofidentifyingpeoplebytheirvoicecanbeusedtodeterminewhoismakingaphonecall,theresultisnotexact,andsometimesthemachinefailstorecognizethevoiceofthespeaker.Forexample,voicerecognitionworksonthephone,butitisnotprecise,andcanbetricked.MeaningBacktoTextWehavefoundanotherlimitation,especiallywithmachinesthatidentifypeoplebytheirfaces:Theycannotrecognizepeopleiftheyhavechangedthecoloroftheirhairortheyhavebecomemuchfatter.Anotherconstraintwenotice,withmachinesthatusefacerecognitioninparticular,isthattheycanbefooledifpeoplecolortheirhairorgainalotofweight.MeaningBacktoTextWecansolvethissingleproblemwithmachinesthatcanidentifypeoplebycheckingtheround,coloredpartoftheeye.Thisparticularproblemmaybesolvedbyanewtypeoftechnologythatscansaperson’siris,thecoloredpartoftheeye.MeaningBacktoTextThemachinewhichrecognizesaperson’siriscantelltheperson’sidentityevenwhentheyareseveralfeetaway,soitcantellacustomer’sidentityastheygetneartheATM.Itcanevenidentifythepersonfromafewfeetaway,recognizingacustomerastheyapproachtheATM.MeaningBacktoTextallowance1)[C;U]thetakingintoconsiderationoffactsthatmaychangesomething,especiallyanopinionorjudgment考虑到的事情BacktoTexte.g.Weshouldmakeallowancesforhisoldage.我们必须考虑到他年纪大了。n.2)[C](usuallysingular)somethingespeciallymoney,providedregularlyorforaspecialpurpose补助；津贴e.g.Disabledpeopleareentitledtoreceiveagovernmentallowance.残障人士有权得到政府的补助。makeallowancesforBacktoTexttakeintoconsideration(certainfactsorconditions,especiallyparticulardifficultiesortheweaknessesofaperson)考虑到；估计到e.g.They’llmakeallowancesforthefactthatit’saffectingourperformance.他们会考虑它在影响我们的表现这一事实。Theuniversityalsohadsometroubleinusingthehand-scanningmachineatthebeginning.Thehandscanattheuniversityhadsomeproblemsatfirst,aswell.MeaningBacktoText…andthenewmachineappearstobeabletorecognizethesamepersonwhentheyweararingonedayanddonotwearitthenext.…anditseemstobemakingallowancesforthefactthatpeoplemaybewearingringsonedayandnotthenext.MeaningBacktoTextReadingOutFillintheblankswithoutreferringtotheoriginaltext.Thencheckyouranswersagainsttheoriginal.Afterthat,readthepassagealouduntilyoucansayitfrommemory.Atalargeuniversity,studentsusea(n)(1)_____________machinethat(2)________theirentryintothegym.Thesepeopleareusing“smartmachines,”whichidentifypeople(3)________theirphysical(4)________.Thesenew(5)_______usefingers,hands,faces,eyesandvoices.Somemachinesmay(6)________usesmells.Thisnewtechnology,called(7)________,getsinformationfrompartsofthebody.hand-scanningauthorizesbycharacteristicsdevicesevenbiometricsGettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whatisbiometrics?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinprovidingtwoexamplesofbiometricsattheverybeginningofthetext?______________________________________________________________________________________3.Howwidelyarebiometricmachinesbeingused?______________________________________________________________________________________4.InParagraph3,whatistheconcernofsomepeopleintermsofthenegativeeffectsofthenewdevices?______________________________________________________________________________________Biometricsisanewtechnology,whichusesphysicalfeaturessuchashands,voicesandeyestoidentifyaperson.Theauthorwantstoarousethereaders’interestandthusintroducethetopicofbiometrics.Peoplemaylosetheirprivacyasalltheirpersonalinformationwillbestoredinamachine.Theyarestartingtobeusedeverywhere,fromgovernmentdepartmentstoschools.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.5.WhatdoesJaysayregardingtheconcernmentionedinParagraph3?______________________________________________________________________________________________