中考英语二轮语法专项十+主从复合句课件

中考英语二轮语法专项十

主从复合句考点突破命题点一

宾语从句1.宾语从句的构成规则及用法要素用法例句引导词从属连词that本身无词义，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，在口语中that可省略He

said

（that）

he

would

go

to

the

seaside.他说他要去海边。从属连词if或whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略，句尾有or

not时用whetherHe

hasn't

decided

if

he'll

go

on

a

trip

to

Zhejiang.他还没决定是否去浙江旅行。要素用法例句引导词连接代词（what/who/whose/whom/which等）在从句中作一定成分，如:作主语、宾语、定语等Do

you

know

who

he

is?你知道他是谁吗?连接副词（where/when/why/how等）在从句中作状语She

asked

me

where

I

bought

the

book.她问我在哪里买的这本书。续表要素用法例句时态需要性原则：主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用所需要的时态I

don't

know

when

he

will

come

back.我不知道他将何时回来。呼应性原则：主句为一般过去时，从句相应地用过去的某种时态The

children

didn't

know

who

he

was.孩子们不知道他是谁。特殊性原则：如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理和普遍事实，则不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

around

the

sun.老师说地球围绕着太阳转。语序陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+其他Do

you

know

where

I

can

get

some

postcards?你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗?续表2.否定前移：当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如：I

don't

think

he

will

come

with

you.我认为他不会和你一起来。用合适的引导词填空。1.（2023遂宁改编）—Sandy,

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival

is

coming.Could

you

tell

me_______I

can

buy

some

sweet

zongzi？—Sure!

You

can

buy

some

in

Shihui

Supermarket.

It’s

not

far

from

here.where2.（2023天津改编）—Do

you

remember

______the

Jiefang

Bridge

opened

itself?—Sure.On

the

evening

of

Labour

Day.3.（2023武威改编）—Do

you

know__________there’s

a

restroom

around

here?—Yes,

there’s

one

here.

It’s

in

the

store.whenif/whether4.（2023扬州改编）—I’m

wondering

_____

I

can

buy

the

air

ticket

at

a

low

price.—You

can

book

one

through

our

official

APP.how5.（2023武汉改编）This

famous

saying

“When

I

walk

along

with

two

others,

they

may

serve

me

as

my

teachers”

tells

us

___________

we

can

learn

from.who/whom6.（2023荆州改编）—Could

you

tell

us

_____

we

can

start

a

conversation

with

a

foreigner?—Talking

about

weather

is

a

common

way.how7.（2023凉山州改编）—Excuse

me,

do

you

know

__________

there

will

be

another

bus?

The

bus

has

just

left.—Yes.

The

next

bus

will

arrive

in

half

an

hour.if/whether8.（2023鄂州改编）—Could

you

tell

me

_______

I

can

get

something

to

eat?—Sure.

There’s

a

restaurant

down

the

street.where9.（2023成都改编）—Do

you

know

______

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival

is

this

year?—Sorry,

I

don’t

know

the

exact

date.when10.（2023宿迁改编）—I

wonder

___________

you

will

spend

the

coming

summer

holidays

with.—My

best

friend

James.who/whom11.（2023沈阳改编）—Could

you

tell

me

_____

I

can

get

to

Shenyang

Imperial

Palace?—By

underground.how命题点二

状语从句一、状语从句的类别及连接词1.时间状语从句连接词含义及用法例句before“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前She

always

washes

hands

before

she

has

meals.她总是在饭前洗手。after“在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后He

became

a

doctor

after

he

graduated.他毕业后成为了一名医生。连接词含义及用法例句while“正当……时；与此同时”，表示主从句的动作同时进行，引导的从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常用进行时My

mother

was

cooking

while

I

was

doing

my

homework.在我做作业时，我妈妈正在做饭。续表连接词含义及用法例句when“当……时候”，表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词①Li

Ming

was

reading

when

I

came

in.当我进来的时候，李明正在读书。②When

the

lights

went

out，I

lit

some

candles.灯灭后，我点燃了一些蜡烛。as“当……时；一边……一边……”，表示主从句的动作同时发生或进行She

listened

to

the

radio

as

she

washed

the

clothes.她一边洗衣服一边听收音机。续表连接词含义及用法例句until主句是肯定式时，意为“直到……”，主句谓语动词只能用延续性动词Let's

wait

until

the

rain

stops.让我们一直等到雨停的时候吧。主句是否定式时，常用not...until...，意为“直到……才……”，谓语动词一般用非延续性动词He

didn't

go

to

bed

until

his

mother

came

back.直到他妈妈回来，他才去睡觉。续表连接词含义及用法例句since“自……以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时I

have

worked

in

this

company

since

I

graduated.自从我毕业，我一直在这家公司工作。as

soon

as“一……就……”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来I'll

tell

him

as

soon

as

he

comes

back.他一回来我就告诉他。续表2.条件状语从句连接词含义及用法例句if“如果”，主句为一般将来时，if引导的从句通常用一般现在时表将来If

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow，we'll

go

to

the

park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。unless“如果不，除非”，unless可转化为if...not...结构。主从句时态与if用法一致Unless

it

rains，the

game

will

be

played.除非下雨，否则比赛照常进行。连接词含义及用法例句as

long

as“只要”，主从句时态与if用法一致As

long

as

you

work

hard，you

will

make

great

progress.只要你努力，你就会取得很大的进步。in

case“如果，万一”，主从句时态与if用法一致In

case

we

fail，we

won't

lose

heart.万一我们失败了，我们也不会失去信心。once“一旦，只要”，主从句时态与if用法一致Once

he

makes

up

his

mind，he

will

never

give

it

up.他一旦下定决心，就永远不会放弃。续表3.目的状语从句连接词含义及用法例句so

that两个连接词都有“以便，为了”之意，引导的从句谓语中常含有may，can，could，would等情态动词，多数情况可互换，但位于句首和逗号之后时，用in

order

that。当主从句主语一致时，in

order

that引导的从句可与in

order

to短语转换①You'd

better

speak

louder

so

that/in

order

that

we

can

hear

you.你最好说话大声一些，以便我们都能听到。②He

gets

up

early

in

order

that

he

can

catch

the

first

bus.=He

gets

up

early

in

order

to

catch

the

first

bus.他起得很早，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。in

order

that4.让步状语从句连接词含义及用法例句though/although“虽然，尽管”，可与yet连用，不能与but连用，一般情况可以互换，但作正式用法时，常用although①They

are

generous

though

they

are

poor.虽然他们很穷，但他们很慷慨。②Although

it

was

late，they

were

still

working.虽然很晚了，但他们仍在工作。even

though/even

if“尽管，即使”，不能与but连用We'll

make

a

trip

even

if/even

though

the

weather

is

bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。连接词含义及用法例句whatever/whenever/however/wherever“无论什么／无论何时／无论怎样／无论在哪里”，引导的从句可换成no

matter+相应的疑问词（no

matter

what/when/how/where）Wherever

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.=No

matter

where

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.无论你去哪里，我都会和你一起去。续表5.原因状语从句连接词含义及用法例句because“因为”，表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，回答由why引导的问句，不能和so同时使用I

didn't

go

to

your

party

because

my

mother

was

ill.因为我妈妈生病了，所以我没有去参加你的聚会。since“因为；既然”，语气比because弱，表示对方已知或众所周知的原因，通常放在句首Since

everyone

is

here，let's

begin

our

meeting.既然大家都来了，我们就开始开会吧。as“由于;因为”，语气比since弱，所引出的原因在说话人看来已经很明显或已为听话人所熟悉，引导的从句位于主句前后均可I

left

a

note

as

you

were

out.因为你不在，所以我留了一张便条。6.结果状语从句连接词含义及用法例句so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰的中心词是形容词或副词，结构为“so+形容词／副词+that从句”，可以与“too...to...”结构互换；当名词前有many，much，few，little

修饰时，用so，不用such，结构为“so

many/few+可数名词复数+that从句”或“so

much/little+不可数名词+that从句”①He

was

so

tired

that

he

couldn't

go

any

farther.=He

was

too

tired

to

go

any

farther.他太累了，不能再走了。②We

have

so

much

time

that

we

can

finish

the

work

on

time.我们有如此多的时间，能让我们按时完成工作。连接词含义及用法例句such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，such修饰的中心词是名词，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句”或“such+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+that从句”They

are

such

interesting

books

that

we

all

enjoy

reading

them.这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。续表7.方式状语从句连接词含义例句as“按照……的方式”You

must

do

the

work

as

your

boss

told

you.你必须按照你的老板告诉你的方式做这项工作。as

if/

though“好像……；似乎……”I

still

remember

the

trip

to

Hangzhou

as

if

it

happened

yesterday.我仍然记得杭州之行,就好像发生在昨天一样。二、状语从句的时态

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句一般有以下两种时态：1.“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：I

will

go

swimming

as

soon

as

I

finish

my

homework.我一完成作业就去游泳。2.“主祈／情从现”：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：①Please

let

me

know

if

he

comes

back.如果他回来了，请告知我。②If

you

feel

hungry，you

should

eat

something.如果你饿了，你该吃点东西。用合适的引导词填空。1.He’s

not

a

perfect

child.

He

sometimes

talks

back______his

parents

talk

with

him.2.___we

keep

our

hearts

open,

we

can

experience

the

happiness

friendship

brings

us.3.A

stupid

man

tells

a

woman

to

shut

up

while

a

wise

man

tells

her

that

her

mouth

is

quite

beautiful______it

is

closed.4.Good

friendships

are

not

easy

to

develop,but

a

friendship

can

last

forever___you

are

loyal

and

sincere.whenIfwhenif5.Finally,Monday

arrived.______

Monica

was

called

upon

to

give

her

speech,she

stood

up

and

walked

to

the

front

of

the

class.6.She

also

had

to

prepare

meals

for

the

whole

family___her

mum

did

before.7.The

colors

will

remain

on

the

children’s

hands___they

don’t

spend

enough

time

washing

them

off.8.（2023河南改编）I

was

just

leaving

my

house______I

saw

you

and

those

boys.9.（2023抚顺改编）My

parents

won’t

allow

me

to

do

things

I

like_______I

finish

my

homework.10.（2023乐山改编）Many

people

all

over

the

world

want

to

climb

Mount

Qomolangma

each

year,_______it

is

very

dangerous.WhenasifwhenunlessthoughⅡ.（2023龙东改编）语法填空。

One

pleasant

evening,

I

was

holding

Grandpa’s

hand

11._____taking

a

walk

in

the

park.

“Where

are

the

peanuts?

Give

me

now!”

He

suddenly

said.

How

I

wished

I

had

some

with

me!

“Oh,

my

little

Tom,

the

monkeys

are

taking

long

to

come

out

today.

Wait

12.________they

smell

the

peanuts.”

I

knew

he

was

lost

in

one

of

his

memories

again.

I

remembered

the

stories

he

told

me

of

how

he

fed

the

monkeys

13.______

he

was

a

kid.

Then,

he

saw

the

goldfish!

He

acted

as

if

he

14.___________

（see）

them

for

the

first

time.andtill/untilwhenwas

seeing

Poor

Grandpa!

He

fell

ill

with

Alzheimer’s

disease

（阿尔茨海默氏病）

last

year.

The

doctor

said

it

was

a

lifelong

disease

which

could

destroy

a

person’s

memory.

The

patient

might

also

not

be

able

to

make

reasonable

judgements

（判断）.

15._____when

my

parents

invited

him

to

stay

with

us,

he

turned

down

and

said

he

liked

living

alone.

One

day,

he

forgot

to

turn

off

the

fire

16._____

cooking

porridge.

Luckily,

one

of

the

neighbors

came

to

help

him

17._______

the

fire

could

spread.

It

was

then

that

my

parents

18.________

（bring）

Grandpa

to

live

with

us.

Often,

he

would

forget

my

name

and

ask

me

who

I

was

19._____

what

I

was

doing

in

his

house.

Each

time

I

would

answer

softly,

“It’s

me,

Tom,

Grandpa!”

He

had

forgotten

who

I

was,

20.____

he

would

always

be

my

beloved

grandfather.Butafterbeforebroughtandbut命题点三

定语从句

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。1.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系词用法例句关系代词which只能指物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可以省略Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys．足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。关系词用法例句关系代词that可指物，也可指人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可以省略①A

plane

is

a

machine

that

can

fly.飞机是一个能飞的机器。（作主语，不可省略）②The

homework

（that）

I

finished

last

night

was

left

at

home.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里了。（作宾语，可省略）续表关系词用法例句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可以省略The

boy

who

is

standing

over

there

is

Tom.

站在那边的男孩是汤姆。续表关系词用法例句关系代词whom（课标未作要求）指人，在从句中充当宾语，可以省略，有时也可以用who替代This

is

our

English

teacher

whom

everybody

likes.

这是我们大家都喜欢的英语老师。whose（课标未作要求）可指物，也可指人，在从句中充当定语This

is

my

deskmate

whose

father

works

in

a

factory.这是我的同桌，他的父亲在一家工厂工作。续表关系词用法例句关系副词（课标未作要求）when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语We

will

never

forget

the

days

when

we

stayed

with

Mr.

Smith.我们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一起的日子。where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语This

is

the

classroom

where

we

study.这是我们学习的教室。why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语This

is

the

reason

why

I

didn't

attend

the

meeting

yesterday.这就是我昨天没有参加会议的原因。续表2.关系代词中只能用that的情况（1）当先行词是all，none，little，much，some，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时。

例：Please

get

everything

ready

that

we

need.

请准备好我们需要的一切。（2）当先行词前面有

the

only，the

very，the

last，the

same等修饰时。

例：He

is

the

only

person

that

I

want

to

see.他是我唯一想见的人。（3）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

例：This

is

the

most

interesting

book

that

I

have

ever

read.这是我读过的最有趣的书。（4）当先行词既有人又有物时。

例：They

talked

about

the

people

and

things

that

they

remembered

in

school.

他们谈论了他们在学校记得的人和事。（5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复应用that。

例：Who

is

the

person

that

is

standing

at

the

gate？

那个站在门口的人是谁？3.关系代词中不能用that的情况

（1）介词之后不能用that。

例：This

is

the

factory

in

which

we

once

worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。

（2）当先行词本身为that/those时。

例：You

must

find

out

those

which

may

be

ignored

by

us.你必须找到