持续改进实施第6次课讲解

持续改进实施ImplementContinousImprovement侯松作者精品PPT演讲者广东食品药品职业学院健康管理资源库1.Profitability盈利能力Profitabilityisthedifferencebetweenwhatabusinessneedstospendinordertofunctioneffectively(totalcosts),andthemoneytheymakethroughrevenuestreamsandotherincomesources(totalrevenue).Profitability=totalrevenue-totalcostsTypicalsystemdatatoindicatetheprofitabilityinclude:BudgetinformationthatshowsanticipatedcostsandincomeversusactualresultsSalesfiguresthatshowsalesovertime(yeartodate)orovertimeperiod(monthlysales,weeklysales)ExpensesreportsAnnual,half-yearandquarterlyreports21.Profitability---exampleP49marketdemand–hadgrownveryextensivelyprofitability–increasedmarketshare–haveloweredTherefore,profitabilityindicatedthatthecompanywasdoingwell,butitcouldbedoingbetterThecompanycouldtakeadvantageofincreaseddemand31.Profitability盈利能力分析的目的是,企业经营者Evaluatebusinessperformance利用盈利能力的有关指标反映和衡量企业经营业绩Identifytheexistingproblems通过盈利能力分析发现经营管理中存在的问题

42.Productivity生产能力productivityisdefinedasoutputoverinput.Output(输出):thevaluedelivered(交付的价值)Input:theresourcesarerequiredtoachieveacertainresult(output)Theinfluenceofenvironmentalfactors:technology(科技),timeconstraints(时间限制),processcapability(生产过程能力),teamdistribution(团队分布),interrupts(中断),tools(工具),design(设计)52.Productivity生产率Itcanenablethemanagerstounderstandwhatresourcesarerequiredtoachieveacertainresults,identifyandaddresstrendsthatindicatepotentialproblemsbeforetheyhaveasignificantnegativeimpactonthebusiness.Exampleofproductivitymeasuresinclude:Hoursworkedtocompleteacertainnumberofwork.Theamountofrawmaterialsthatareneededtoproduceacertainnumberofproducts.Theamountofenergyusedtoheatorcoolworksites.Stocklevels.63.Cost成本CostinformationallowsmanagerstounderstandhowthecostofproductionislinkedtooutputsorresultsIdentifyingincreasesincostscanindicateproblemsthatmaystemfromsupply,qualityorprocessissues.Exampleofproductivitymeasuresinclude:Thecostofrawmaterialsthatareneededtoproduceacertainnumberofproducts.Thecostofenergy(electricity,gas)usedtoheatorcoolworksitesThecostofhavingahighlevelsstockonhand

74.Processquality制程品质IfprocessesarewelldesignedandusedproperlytheyhelpavoidorminimizeproblemsbyguidingemployeesthroughthemosteffectivewayofperformingactivitiesortasksOneofthekeysuccessfactorsinanycontinuousimprovementprocessisidentifyingandeliminatewaste.

Sevendifferenttypesofwaste!!Leanproduction精益生产!!8ThesevenwastesWasteofdefects产品缺陷导致返工修正的浪费Wasteofoverproduction过量生产浪费Wasteofwaitingtime等候的浪费Wasteoftransporttime运送时间的浪费Wasteofprocessingwaste过度加工的浪费Wasteofexcessinventory过多库存的浪费Wasteofexcessmotion过多动作的浪费910DefectsNonrightfirsttime.Repetitionorcorrectionofaprocess.Defectsaregoodsoflowquality.Wastedmaterial,timeandmoneyAsproductmovesdownthesupplychain,thecostassociatedwiththedefectrises.11OverproductionToproducesooner,fasteroringreaterquantitiesthancustomerdemand.Producingmoreproductthannecessary.Createsexcessiveleadtimes.Increasesstoragecost.Difficultyoffindingdefects.12WaitingTime

Peopleorpartsthatwaitforaworkcycletobecompleted.Idleproductsoremployees.Concentrateonbottleneckswillalleviatethewaitingwaste.13TransporttimeUnnecessarymovementofpeopleorpartsbetweenprocesses.Inefficientfactorylayout.Novalueadded.Opportunityfordamage.14ProcessingwasteProcessingbeyondthestandardrequiredbythecustomer.CheaptoolsinsteadofexpensiveonesLesstechnologywherepossibleSeveralmachinesratherthanone15ExcessInventoryRowmaterial,workinprogressorfinishedgoodswhichisnothavingvalueaddedtoit.Associatedcostwithexcessstocks.Problemsbecomeoverlookedsincethereisexcess16ExcessMotionsUnnecessarymovementofpeople,partsormachineswithinaprocess.Keepergonomics(人体工程学)inmindMisplacedtools.Searchingformaterials.17常见的12种动作浪费1、两手空闲；2、单手空闲；3、作业动作停止；4、动作太大；5、左右手交换；6、步行多；7、转身角度大；8、移动中变换“状态”；9、不明技巧；10、伸背动作；11、弯腰动作；12、重复/不必要的动作。185.Workforce（员工）Employeeproductivity(hoursworkedversusoutputsortasksachievedovertime)Customers