2024年高考英语押题卷01（全国通用）（解析版）

2024年高考英语押题卷01（全国通用）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1．（2024·陕西汉中·统考一模）Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?A．Uncomfortableseats. B．Thetrafficnoise. C．MissLee’sweakvoice.【答案】B【原文】W:MissLee’svoiceissosoftthatIcanhardlyhearclearlywhatsheissaying.M:Don’tblameher.It’sthetrafficoutside.Nexttimeit’sbettertositatthefront.2．（2024·河南新乡·统考一模）Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Havearest. B．Dancewiththeman. C．Practicedancingforanotherhour.【答案】A【原文】M:Howdidyourdancinglessongotoday?W:Exciting,butitwashardwork.Ireallyneedarestnow.M:Yeah,Icanseethat.Goandgetrelaxed.3．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）Whatistheoccupationofthewoman?A．Areceptionist. B．Asaleswoman. C．Awaitress.【答案】A【原文】W:Goodevening,Mister.IsthereanythingIcanhelpyou?M:Yes,I’dliketomakeareservationforJune24.Isthereastandardroomavailable?W:Pleaseholdon.I’llcheckitforyou.4．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）Whenwastheshowduetostart?A．At8:00pm. B．At9:00pm. C．At11:00pm.【答案】A【原文】W:Lookatthetime—9:00pm.Theconcertwassupposedtobeginanhourago.M:Relax.Thesethingsneverstartontime.There’salwayssomedelaybeforeashowreallystarts.W:Butmylastbusisat11:00pm.ThatmeansI’llmisssomeoftheshow.5．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）HowwillthewomanprobablygotoNewYork?A．Bycar. B．Bytrain. C．Bybus.【答案】B【原文】W:WhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytogettoNewYork?M:Well,asithasbeenrainingheavilythesedays,takingabusordrivingyourowncarcanbedangerous.So,takingthetrainmaybeyourbestchoice.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）6．Whydoesthemanfeeldiscouraged?A．Becausehehasputonsomeweight.B．Becausehedidn’tmakeittotheteam.C．Becausehecouldn’tresistthedishesandsnacks.7．Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?A．Joinafitnessprogramme.B．Keephimselfhealthy.C．Stopeatingdishesandsnacks.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】M:Hi,Tiffany.W:Hi,Mark.Youlookverysadtoday.M:Youknow,Iscored15goalslastyear,butIwasstillnotselectedfortheteam.Itjustdoesn’tmakesense.W:Well,Ibelieveyou’veputonsomepoundsright?Sinceyourcomingbackafterthespringbreak,you’renottheplayeryouusedtobe.M:Yeah,IadmitIjustcouldn’tresistthedishesandsnacksmymummadeeveryday.W:Howaboutussettingupafitnessprogrammeforyoutoloseweight?M:OK.Howlongwillittake?W:Togetyoubackinshape,atleastamonth.M:Amonth?Icannotdoamonth!W:Ifyouwanttobebackintheteam,that’swhatyouneedtodo.听第7段对话，回答第8、9题。（2024·四川泸州·校考一模）8．Whatwillthewomandointheclub?A．Cookalunch. B．Dothewashing-up. C．Workasadriver.9．WhenwillMrs.Claragotothehospital?A．NextTuesday. B．NextWednesday. C．NextFriday.【答案】8．C9．A【原文】W:Hello,I’dliketodosomevolunteerservicetohelpothersinmyfreetime.WhatcanIdo?M:Wesetupalunchclubfortheelderly.Somepeopleinneedarefromneighboringvillages,soweneedmoredrivers.W:I’mwillingtohelpwiththat.SowhatexactlydoIneedtohelpelderresidents?M:Well,infact,there’sMrs.Clara.SheneedsalifttothehospitalnextTuesday.Doesthatsuityou?W:Yes.Noproblem.I’llalsobefreenextFriday.听第8段对话，回答第10至12题。（2024·河南新乡·统考一模）10．Whoisthewomanprobably?A．Abankmanager. B．Arestaurantowner. C．Alandagent.11．Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A．Tosave$40,000. B．Toanswerquestions. C．Toborrowsomemoney.12．Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?A．InLincolnRoad. B．Nexttothebank. C．Inhisgrandmother’shouse.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?A．Thelocation. B．Hisfutureplans. C．Enoughcustomers.【答案】10．A11．C12．A13．B【原文】W:Comein,sir.Pleasesitdown.M:Thankyou.Thanksverymuchforfittingmein.Iknowyoumustbeverybusy.W:Notatall.Wedotrytobeavailableasmuchaspossible.M:Well,asyouknow,I’vecometoseeifthereisanychanceofthebanklendingmesomemoneytohelpmesetupasmallrestaurantinthecenteroftown.W:Well...Ineedtoaskyouoneortwoquestionstostartwith.Doyouhaveanycapitalofyourown?M:Er,infact,I’vejustcomeintosomemoney.Yousee,mygrandmotherrecentlydiedandleftme$40,000whichIwantedtouseforthebusiness.ButIstillneedmoremoneytostartmybusiness.W:Isee.Andhaveyouactuallypickedoutasuitablelocationfortherestaurant?M:Yes,Ithinkso.InLincolnRoad.It’sonthegroundfloor.W:Fine.Andhowaboutfutureplans?It’samust.Haveyoubroughtyourbusinessproposal?M:Sure.I’vepreparedallforit.Hereyouare.W:You’resocareful,sir.Andwe’llinformyouabouttheloanwithinthreedays.M:Thankyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.听第9段对话，回答第13至16题。（2023·江西宜春·校联考二模）14．WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday?A．Afilmreview. B．Apassage. C．Asummary.15．Howmanywordsdoesthewomanneedtowritefortheassignment?A．About150. B．About120. C．About100.16．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A．Rememberthenewwords.B．Recitethetexttotheclass.C．Copytheidiomsthreetimes.【答案】14．C15．A16．A【原文】M:Now,Iwillassignafewafter-classexercisesforyou.Pleaseopenyourbooksandturntopage167.Haveyougotit,Mary?W:Yes,Igotit.It’stheshortpassage,“Grandpa’sGift”,right?M:Yes.That’swhatI’dlikeyoutoreadafterclassandthenwriteasummary,whichwillneedtobehandedinnextMonday.Anyquestions?W:Yes.Mr.Smith,doyouhaveanyrequirementsaboutthelengthofthesummary?M:Oh,asitisasummary,Idon’twantyoutomakeitverycomplicated,sokeepitshort,about150words.W:OK,Iunderstand.Iwilltrytousewhatwe’velearnedtodayinthesummary.Arethereanyotherassignments?M:Readthetextandmakesurethatyouunderstandthemeaningofthetext.Isuggestyoucopythetextthreetimes,butyouneedn’tmemorizeit.Justtrytorememberallthenewwords.Besurethatyouknowtheirspelling,pronunciationandmeaning.W:OK,andIwillreviewtoday’slessonandlearnallthenewwordsbyheart.听第10段对话，回答第17至20题。（2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模）17．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Oldflatmates. B．Schoolmates. C．Newclassmates.18．WhydidthewomanchooseWestVillageUniversity?A．Itwasfairlyclosetoherhouse.B．Itprovidedherwithascholarship.C．Itwasrecommendedbyherparents.19．Whatdidtheman’sbrothermajorinatcollege?A．Psychology. B．Engineering. C．Business.20．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A．Eatout. B．Meetprofessors. C．Sharelivingfees.【答案】17．B18．B19．C20．A【原文】W:Hello,mynameisJoanneandIwillbeyournewflatmate.M:Nicetomeetyou,Joanne.I’mCarl.So,Ihearyou’reacollegestudentatWestVillageUniversity.Isthatright?W:Yes.I’mstudyingpsychologyatWestVillageandI’llstartmyfirstyearthere.M:That’sgreat.I’malsoastudentatWestVillageandI’mstudyingengineeringinmysecondyear.WhatmadeyouwanttogotoWestVillageUniversity?W:Well,Iwasinbetweentwoschoolsatfirst—WestVillageUniversityandSacredHeartUniversity.IendedupchoosingWestVillagebecausetheyofferedmeagenerousscholarship,whilemyparentsthoughtthatSacredHeartUniversitywasnearmyhouse.Howaboutyou,Carl?M:IchoseWestVillageUniversitybecauseitwasfairlyclosetomyhomeandmybrotherhadattendedtheschoolbeforeme.Hesaidhehadagreattimeinlearningbusiness.Hegavemeallthetipsandtricksaboutwhichprofessorstofollowandwhattoavoid.W:Todayisourfirstmeeting.Howabouthavingdinnertogether?Wecanhaveachataboutourhobbiesandlivinghabits.M:Soundslovely.It’smytreattoday.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A（2023·江西赣州·统考二模）FouroftheTop10FastestBulletTrainsintheWorld2023FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPHTheworld’sfastestlong-distancestandardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.ItrunsbetweenShanghaiandBeijinginjustfivehours,withacapacityofover550passengers.Knownas“DolphinBlue”and“GoldenPhoenix”arethetwoversionsAFandBF,slightlydifferentfromeachother.FuxingHaodebuted(首秀)in2016andlowereditssiblingHarmony380by13mphtosecondplace.EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPHIn2015,SiemenslaunchedtheEurostarE320,whoseinteriorsweredesignedbyfamousPininfarinaItalianstylists.Thetrainwilleasilyaccommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.Eurostarisremarkablyenvironmentallysustainable,with90percentfeweremissionsperpassengerthanLondon’sflighttoParis.TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPHBuiltbyPatentesTalgo,theSpanishTalgo350runsbetweenMadridandBarcelona.InSpanish,thetrainhasanickname,‘Pato,’meaningduck.Thisisbecauseoftheraisednosecone(圆锥形)similartoaduckbill.Therearemultipleclassesforseats:Club(with14-26seats),First(with26seats)andCoach(with36seats).Eachseatcomeswithlampsforreadingandlaptopandmobilephonechargingpowerpoints.AGVITALO-ITALY,223MPHIthasthedistinctionofbeingthefastesttraininEuropeat223mph.Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks,’theplumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,acompanyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,theformerpresidentofFerrari.Thecompartmentsinitare9feettall,makingiteasiertonavigatewithbaggage,andthereareluxuriousleatherseatsalsointhegeneralcompartments.21．Whichofthefollowingisthefastesttrain?A．FuxingHaoCR400. B．EurostarE320.C．Talgo350. D．AgvItalo.22．HowmanypeoplecanEurostarE300hold?A．750. B．880.C．900. D．920.23．WhatdoTalgo350andAgvItalohaveincommon?A．Theirownnickname. B．Strangeshapes.C．Politicalbackgrounds. D．Largeseats.【答案】21．A22．B23．A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了2023年世界十大最快子弹头列车中的四辆列车得基本信息。21．细节理解题。根据FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPH标题下“Theworld’sfastestlong-distancestandardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.（复世界上最快的长途标准列车是复兴号CR400。）可知，最快的火车是复兴号CR400。故选A项。22．细节理解题。根据EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPH标题下“Thetrainwilleasilyaccommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.”（这列火车将轻松容纳900人，比欧洲之星E300多20人。）可知，欧洲之星E320可容纳900人比欧洲之星E300多20人，推断出欧洲之星E300可容纳880人。故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPH标题下“InSpanish,thetrainhasanickname,‘Pato,’meaningduck.”（西班牙语中，火车有一个昵称，“Pato”，意思是鸭子。）和AGVITALO-ITALY,223MPH标题下“Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks,’theplumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,acompanyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,theformerpresidentofFerrari.”（绰号“赛道上的法拉利”的梅红色列车由NuovoTrasportoViaggiatori运营，该公司由法拉利前总裁LucaCorderodiMontezemolo领导。）可知，Talgo350和AgvItalo的共同点是他们都有自己的昵称。故选A项。B（2023河南·高三校联考开学考试）WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.“IspentaroundsixdaysstressingandhavingaveryhardtimewithmehavingalltheluxuriesIcurrentlydoandmyfamilynothavingany,”theGuaynabo,PuertoRico,residentsaid.Santaellasaidthatherhometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.Toreduceherstress,Santaella,whoisstudyingforanassociatedegreeinbakingandpastryarts,immersed(沉浸)herselfinwhatsheknowsbest:baking.“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone,soIspokewithChefCharlesNiedermyer,ourinstructorofbakingandpastryartsaboutasaleofbakedgoodsinthecollege’sBushCampusCenter.”“Nataschaisabright,energeticyoungladywithabigheart,”Niedermyersaid.“Iwasnotsurprisedtofindherinmyoffice,lookingforwaystohelpthepeopleofPuertoRico.”Toprepare,SantaellahadmultiplemeetingswithNiedermyer,spenthoursfinalizingrecipes,designedsignage(标志)anddecorations,andgotfriendstostaffthesaletablewithher.Andthentherewasthebaking:Santaellaandtwofriendsinthebakingandpastryartsmajorspentsixhoursbaking90loavesofbread,24dozendinnerrollsand30cheesecakesinavarietyofflavors.Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.“Ihopetomainlyincreaseawarenessofwhathashappened,andtoshowpeoplethattherearePuertoRicanstudentsatthisschool,”Santaellasaid.“IhopethatothershadthegreatexperienceIhadwithallmyteachersandhowunderstandingtheywerewithme.”24．WhydidSantaellafeelverystressed?A．Becauseabighurricanewasapproaching.B．Becauseshewasleftwithoutpowerandwater.C．Becauseherfolksweresufferingduetohurricanes.D．Becauseshelostallherbelongingsinthehurricane.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispersed”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．Exposed. B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Contributed.26．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．PuertoRicomightbestrickenbyhurricanesfrequently.B．NiedermyerrespondedtoSantaella’sideascoldly.C．Santaellaorganizedthesaleathercollegeallalone.D．PennsylvaniaCollegehasfewstudentsfromPuertoRico.27．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HurricaneCausesHugeLossestoPuertoRicoB．StudentPutsSkillstoUsetoHelpHerHometownC．CollegeStudentShowsBakingSkillsThroughSalesD．TeacherandStudentsWorkTogetherinFundRaising【答案】24．C25．C26．A27．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。24．推理判断题。由第一段“WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.(当飓风在波多黎各造成破坏时，宾夕法尼亚理工学院的学生娜塔莎·G·桑塔拉感受到了各种痛苦的情绪)”和第二段中“Santaellasaidthatherhometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.(Santatella说，她的家乡没有电和水，那里的人们害怕即将发生的事情)”可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C项。25．词句猜测题。由第三段中“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone(一开始只是烤面包，然后运到岛上，然后dispersed给人们，但我发现这对我来说非常昂贵)”可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发（Distributed）”。故选C项。26．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.(在六个小时的销售中，Santaella和她的朋友们为UnitedforPuertoRico筹集了1000多美元，这是一项旨在为波多黎各受飓风Irma和飓风Maria影响的人提供援助和支持的举措)”可知，波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选A项。27．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事，B项“学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。故选B项。C（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Imagineyou’reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingtofindarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?Naturallycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour”.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”.Psychologyresearchsuggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatternsbetweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite(前提)isthehumanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse’smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(信息瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational(不理性的)orsimplystupidbehaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingunfavorableinfluencesonconsumerchoices, likeintherestaurantexampleabove.However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.28．Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled“herdbehaviour”?A．Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.B．Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.C．Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.D．Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.29．Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin_______.A．explaininglifepatternsB．understandingsocialconnectionsC．comprehendingothers’mentalstateD．sharinginformationamongindividuals30．Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?A．Wisdomofcrowds. B．Uncertainoutcomes.C．Lackofrationalanalyses. D．Enoughindividualopinions.31．Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?A．Neverfollowthetrend. B．Keepaquestioningmind.C．Saynotoanypopularevents. D．Standoppositeagainstthepublic.【答案】28．A29．C30．C31．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影响并解释了“羊群行为”的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性，因为这种行为往往不需要批判性思考，可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为，并要保持批判性思维。28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturallycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour”.(自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流通常被称为“从众行为”)”可知，选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为“羊群行为”。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Akeyprerequisite(前提)isthehumanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse’smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.(一个关键的先决条件是人类“心理化”的能力，这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态，并利用这些信息来解释他们的选择)”可知，“羊群行为”的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选C。30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(信息瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational(不理性的)orsimplystupidbehaviors.(与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，当个体群体成员的判断被独立收集以产生平均意见时，“羊群行为”通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情况下接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。)”可知，缺乏理性的分析导致了“羊群行为”。故选C。31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.(然而，似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反，长期的态度改变可能是必要的，这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度，质疑他人的行为，而不是盲目地追随他们)”可知，保持质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选B。D（2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）Itturnsoutourplantsarejustlikeusinsomeways.Weturntomedicinestorelieveaminorfluorheadache,andplantstoohavetheirwaysofself-medicating.Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid(水杨酸).Itisresponsiblefortheanti-inflammatoryactionofaspirin,adrugwhichhasbeenusedbyhumansforcenturiestocounterpainandinflammation.Researchershavefoundthatplants’salicylicacid,whichisproducedinchloroplasts(叶绿体),isusuallygeneratedinresponsetothestresscausedbyclimatechange.“It’slikeplantsuseapainkillerforachesandpains,justlikewedo,”saidplantbiologistWilhelminavandevenfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,River-side(U.C．R)“We’dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance(作物抗性),”saidU.C．R.plantgeneticistJin-ZhengWang.“Thatwillbecrucialforthefoodsupplyinourincreasinglyhot,brightworld.”HumanskinproducesROS(Reactiveoxygenspecies)(活性氧)intheabsenceofsunscreen.Thiscausesfrecklesandburns.Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,athighlevels,cancausedeath.Atlowlevels,however,ROSservesanessentialfunctioninplantcells.“ROSisadouble-edgedsword,”saidWang.“Atnon-lethallevels,ROSarelikeanemergencycalltoaction,enablingtheproductionofprotectivehormones(激素)suchassalicylicacid.”Theacidthenactstoprotecttheplants’chloroplasts,knowntobethesiteofphotosynthesis.“Withclimatechange,thingslikesalicylicacid:

helpingplantsstanduptostresseshavebecomemorecommon.So,beingabletoincreaseplants’abilitytoproduceitrepresentsastepforwardinchallengingtheimpactsofclimatechangeoneverydaylife,”saidKatayoonDehesh,UCRprofessorofmolecularbiochemistry.“Thoseimpactsgobeyondourfood.Plantsbeingintroubleareasignofwhatthefutureholdsforus,”

shecontinued.“Plantscleanourairbyremovingthecarbondioxidefromitwhilealsoofferingusshade,andprovidinghabitatsfornumerousanimals.Forhumankind,

thebenefitsofboostingplants’abilitytosurvivearebecomingincreasinglyessential.”32．Whatisthemainfunctionofsalicylicacidinplants?A．Tosecureplants. B．Toproducechloroplasts.C．Torelievepainandinflammation. D．Togeneratehormones.33．WhatisthemaincauseofROSformationinplants?A．Lackofsunscreen. B．Chloroplasticacid.C．Environmentalstresses. D．UseofPhotosynthesis.34．WhatisthemaingoaloftheresearchersatUCR?A．Toexplorethehistoryandsignificanceofaspirininhumanmedicine.B．Toinventadevicethatcanmakeplantsdoself-medicating.C．Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenplantsandhumansinself-medicating.D．Toimprovecropresistancebyincreasingplants’abilitytoproducesalicylicacid.35．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Plantscanbeimprovedtoresistenvironmentalhazards.B．Plantsproducetheirownaspirintocopewithstress.C．Plantsandhumanssharesomecommonfeaturesandneeds.D．Plantscontributetothewell-beingofhumansandanimals.【答案】32．A33．C34．D35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid(水杨酸).(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。)”可知，水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物，故选A。33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,athighlevels,cancausedeath.(同样，环境压力会导致植物体内ROS的形成，而这种ROS在高水平时可能导致死亡。)”可知，植物中ROS形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据第三段““We’dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance(作物抗性),”saidU.C.R.plantgeneticistJin-ZhengWang.(“我们希望能够利用这一发现来提高作物的抗性，”加州大学洛杉矶分校植物遗传学家Jin-ZhengWang说。)”和倒数第二段“Withclimatechange,thingslikesalicylicacid:helpingplantsstanduptostresseshavebecomemorecommon.So,beingabletoincreaseplants’abilitytoproduceitrepresentsastepforwardinchallengingtheimpactsofclimatechangeoneverydaylife(随着气候变化，像水杨酸这样帮助植物抵抗压力的物质变得越来越普遍。因此，能够提高植物生产它的能力，代表着在挑战气候变化对日常生活的影响方面迈出了一步)”可知，UCR研究人员的主要目标是通过增加植物产生水杨酸的能力来提高作物的抗性，故选D。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid(水杨酸).Itisresponsiblefortheanti-inflammatoryactionofaspirin,adrugwhichhasbeenusedbyhumansforcenturiestocounterpainandinflammation.(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。它负责阿司匹林的抗炎作用，阿司匹林是一种被人类使用了几个世纪的药物，用于对抗疼痛和炎症。)”和第二段“Researchershavefoundthatplants’salicylicacid,whichisproducedinchloroplasts(叶绿体),isusuallygeneratedinresponsetothestresscausedbyclimatechange.(研究人员发现，植物叶绿体中产生的水杨酸通常是在应对气候变化造成的压力时产生的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害，因此主旨大意是B选项“Plantsproducetheirownaspirintocopewithstress.(植物会分泌自己阿司匹林来应对压力)”。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023河北承德·高三）NewrulesandbehaviorstandardsformiddleschoolstudentscameoutinMarch．2017．Middleschoolsaregoingtouseanewwaytodecidewhothetopstudentsare，36Thefollowingaresomeofthenewrules．Tellthetruth．Haveyouevercopiedsomeoneelse'sworkinanexam？37That'snothonest．Ifyouhaveplayedcomputergamesfortwohoursinyourroom，don'ttellyourparentsthatyouhavedonehomework．Domoreatschool．Goodstudentsloveanimalsandcareforotherpeople．AprilisBird-LovingMonthinourcountry．Isyourschooldoinganythingtocelebrateit？Youshouldjoin!38Haveyoueverquarreledwithyourteammateswhenyourbasketballteamlost？Onlyworkingtogethercanmakeyourteamstronger．Befriendlytothepeopleyouarewith．Trytothinkofothers，notonlyyourself．Beopentonewideas．Haveyoueverthoughtthatpeoplecouldliveonthemoon？Perhapsyou'lldiscoverEarthIIsomeday．Don'tlookdownatanyone．39Youshouldwelcomethem，becausenewideasmakelifebetterforeveryone．Protectyourself．Hassomeoneevertakenmoneyfromoneofyourclassmates？Don'tletithappentoyou．Ifyouhavetogohomelate，youshouldletyourparentsknow．UsetheInternetcarefully．TheInternetcanbeveryusefulforyourstudies．ButsomethingsontheInternetaren'tforkids，sotrytolookatWebPagesthataregoodforyou．40A．Don'tdoitagain!B．Everyone'sideasareimportant．C．Studentsmustonlyworkandplayalone．D．Youcanusethewebforfunorhomework．E．Thebeststudentswon'tonlyhavehighmarks．F．Studentsshouldnotdisagreewiththeteachers．G．Inthatway，youcanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandhowtoprotectthem．【答案】36．E37．A38．G39．B40．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中学生新的行为规范，要想成为优等生，不仅仅是成绩好就可以，而且也要遵守这些行为规范。36．根据后句Theywillalsobekidswhodon'tdyetheirhair，smokeordrink．可知他们也会是不染发、不抽烟或不喝酒的孩子．E项：Thebeststudentswon'tonlyhavehighmarks．最好的学生不仅有高分。最好的学生不仅分数高，还不能染发，抽烟和喝酒，这样前后句搭配符合语义和语境，尤其从notonly和also可以判断两句关系紧密。故选E项。37．根据下句That'snothonest.那样不诚实。A项：Don'tdoitagain!别在那样了！不能抄别人的试