高考人教版英语一轮课件选修8Unit2Cloning

[单元主题语境]

人与社会之科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全(2018·高考天津卷)话题：3D食物打印词数：383难度：★★★★There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn'tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re­createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D­printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday'sbreadfromthesupermarket,you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime­consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh­endrestaurants.[语篇解读]本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术的新发展：打印食物，并详细介绍了与3D打印相关的食品生产、可持续发展、营养以及面临的挑战。46．Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.解析：推理判断题。根据Foodproduction标题下第二句中的“ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy”可知，利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。答案：B47．Whatcanwelearnabout3Dfoodprintingfromparagraph3?A．Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B．Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C．Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D．Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.解析：推理判断题。根据“fromplentifulrenewableslikealgaeand...”可知，打印食物的原料是可再生的。答案：D48．Accordingtoparagraph4,3D­printedfood________________.A．ismoreavailabletoconsumersB．canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.”可知，3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求，故答案为B。答案：B49．Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A．Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients...”可知，选项C正确。答案：C50．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB．ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC．TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD．3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了3D食物打印机的相关信息，谈到其发展现状，它使用的原料有利于食物的可持续发展，人们可以根据自己的营养需求来私人定制食物，但是其发展也受到某些限制。故应选A项“3D食物打印：美味的新技术”。答案：A一、语言能力熟词生义/词类活用1．cookn．______2．formn.________3．currentadj.__________4．lastv．________厨师形状当前的持续二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——借助关键句、段进行推理判断有些推理判断题的解答需要对较多信息进行阅读和推理。因此，解题时应认真阅读试题题干，回到原文找到与题目有逻辑关系的关键句或关键段，并借助其进行推理判断，看与哪一个备选项的内容在意义与逻辑上吻合。例如第47题，根据第三段中的“Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloidsfromplentifulrenewableslikealgaeandgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients.”可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生的原料作为食物来源。故选D。再例如第48题，根据本段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent...you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”可知，消费者可以根据自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品来满足自己的需求。故选B。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cookandservefoodsonamassscale.[分析]that引导________从句，修饰先行词possiblemachines,that在从句中作________。[翻译]_________________________________________________________________________定语主语近来的发展已经使得可用于大规模地打印、烹制和供应食品的机器出现。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为3D打印机的优势到底在哪儿？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3D打印机的优势在于成本少、可以做出传统技术做不出来的外形、打印出来的东西重量轻。3D打印技术最突出的优点是无需机械加工或任何模具，就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状的零件，从而极大地缩短产品的研制周期，提高生产率和降低生产成本。与传统技术相比，通过摒弃生产线而降低了成本，大幅减少了材料浪费。NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．____________heronthehead打在她头上2．______himtendollars欠他10美元3．____________success获得成功

strikeoweattain4．____________aprize得奖5．__________________experiments着手做实验6．____________sb.tosmoke禁止某人吸烟7．____________withtrifles为小事而烦恼8．____________totheproposal反对这个提议9．________asmile投以微笑10．a________girl一个虚荣心强的女孩子obtainundertakeforbidbotherobjectcastvain[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Ourteacherisgoodatmaking______________problemssimpletograsp,andhebelievesthat_____________isnotgoodforhisstudents.(complicate)2．Thepurposeofeducationisnotonlythe____________ofknowledge.Anditalsomeans______________intelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)complicatedcomplicationaccumulationaccumulating3．Fromtheirappearance,wecannottellthe______________________betweenthetwins,butthewaystheywalkare__________________.Andtheyalso____________intheirvoices.(differ)4．Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadeno__________toitwhilehisfather________________toit.(object)5．Iliketo____________myhousewithwell­designed_____________，becauseIthinktheywillmakemyroomsmoreartistic.(decorate)differencesdifferentdifferobjectionobjecteddecoratedecorations6．Nowadaysfewofuscan____________thetemptationofsmartphones,fortheconveniencetheybringtoourlifemakesanyonetryingtobe___________tothemfinallyquithisorher____________________.(resist)7．Theprofessorlivinginthebigcity______________lastyear.Afterhis___________，hesettleddowninthebeautifulcountryside.(retire)8．Inmyview,whathesaidis_______________，becausetherearenoother_____________thatwecangivetofirehimfromthecompany.(reason)resistresistantresistanceretiredretirementreasonablereasons02阅读单词…………标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□accumulate

□straightforward□arbitrary□medium□commercial□procedure□carrier□fate□impact□moral□turkey□adore□hatch□opera□flour□claw□initial□restore□feather□complicated□conservative□constitution□compulsory□identical□chorusNO.2短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．________________________使复生；使复活2．______________得到好结果；取得成功；偿清3．__________________________不时；偶尔4．_____________________________状况很好/坏5．______________白费力气；枉费心机bringbacktolifepayofffromtimetotimeingood/poorconditioninvain6．__________________使失望；使沮丧7．________________________theplan支持这项计划8．______________________likeit一定会喜欢它castdowninfavourofbeboundto[词汇积累]1．学会“反对”和“拒绝”①objectvi.反对②opposev．反对③againstprep.反对④disagreevi.不同意⑤rejectvt.拒绝⑥refusev．拒绝⑦declinev．婉拒2．积少成多①accumulatevt.&vi.积累②increasevt.&vi.增长③enlargevt.&vi.扩大；放大④expandvt.&vi.扩大；膨胀3．“in＋名词＋of”

短语全接触①infavour/supportof赞成；支持②insearchof寻找③inviewof鉴于；由于④inmemoryof为了纪念⑤inhonourof为了纪念⑥intermsof就……而言⑦inpossessionof拥有NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1．then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序第二天早上，一个重要的时刻来了。Then___________________thenextmorning.(2019·高考北京卷)2．doyouthink作插入语你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？What_____________isthewriter'spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?camethebigmomentdoyouthink3．that引导表语从句通过这次活动，我感觉到我能够承担起责任，使我更加坚强和坚定。Throughtheactivity,whatIfeltis____________________________________________________________________________________________.(2020·高考天津卷)thatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityandmakemestrongerandmoredetermined1．differvi.不同；相异[写作佳句]Thetwinbrothersarealikeinappearancebutdiffergreatlyincharacter.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。[归纳拓展](1)differin在……方面不同differfrom与……不同(2)differencen．不同之处makeadifference起作用；有影响(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面与……不同

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thesistersdifferwidely____theirinterests.②Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothe______________________(different)inourbodylanguage.③SinceIwasakid，I'veconsidered__________________(differ)jobsIwouldliketodo.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)indifferencesdifferent能力提升——完成句子④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatwe_______________________________ifeveryonemakesalittleeffort.我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。2．objectvi.反对；不赞成

n．物体；目标[文化金句]A14­year­oldboywroteapostontheInternettoobjectthathisDadtookawayhisluckymoney.一个14岁的男孩在网上发帖反对他父亲拿走了他的压岁钱。canmakeabigdifference[归纳拓展](1)objecttosb./sth.反对；不赞成objectto(sb.'s)doingsth.反对(某人)做某事(2)objectionn．反对；异议；不赞成have/take/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)某事提出异议(3)objectiveadj.客观的；无偏见的；真实的；宾格的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thevillagersraisedan__________________(object)tobuildingachemicalplantbesidetheriver.②Heobjectedto__________________________(treat)likeachild.能力提升——句型转换Iwasopposedtopayingthatmuchformilk.→③I___________________________thatmuchformilk.(object)→④I____________________________________thatmuchformilk.(objection)objectionbeingtreatedobjectedtopayinghad/made/tookanobjectiontopaying3．forbidvt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准[写作佳句]Themotherforbidsherchildrentoswim/forbidsherchildrenfromswimmingintheriverunlesssomeoneagreestowatchover.母亲不允许她的孩子去河里游泳，除非有人同意看护。[归纳拓展](1)forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidsb.todosth.＝forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)forbiddenadj.禁止的；不准的

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/完成句子①Itishightimethatweforbade______________(set)offfireworksinurbanareas!②Youareforbidden________________(leave)theroomunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.③Ithinkitnecessaryto_________________________________________(禁止商店和超市提供)freeplasticshoppingbags.settingtoleaveforbidshopsandsupermarketsfromoffering能力提升——翻译句子④禁止学生在校内使用手机，因为它可能会影响学业。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[实战贴士]forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbidsb.todosth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。Studentsareforbiddentousemobilephonesatschoolbecauseitmayaffecttheirschooling.4．owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢[写作佳句]IoweittomyEnglishteacherthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglish.我在英语上取得了很大进步，这要归功于我的英语老师。[归纳拓展](1)owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物(2)owe...to...把……归功于……oweittosb.that...多亏某人……(3)owingto...因为；由于

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/同义替换①MyEnglishteacherissuchagreatsoul,____whomIowemanythanks.②Iowe____toyouthatIcangetsomuchprogress.③Thanksto(＝________________)hisoptimismandperseverance,hewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity.toitOwingto能力提升——完成句子④Whereverwearetoday,_______________________________whohavegivenandtaughtussomuch.如今无论我们身在何处，都要感谢我们的父母，他们给予了我们很多，教会了我们很多。weoweittoourparents5．bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰[写作佳句]Idoneedyourvaluablesuggestions，hopingitwon'tbotheryoumuch.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)我确实需要你宝贵的建议，希望不会打扰你太多。[归纳拓展](1)bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人botherdoing/todosth.费心做某事botheraboutsth.为某事烦恼Itbotherssb.that.../todosth.使某人苦恼的是……(2)havebother(in)doingsth.费劲/有麻烦做某事[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①____bothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.②Idon'twanttobotherher____________________myproblemsatthemoment.③Don'tbother______________________________(look)formyumbrella,anditwillturnupsomeday.Itwith/abouttolook/looking能力提升——句型转换④Didyouhavemuchtrouble/difficulty(in)findingthehouse?→Didyou_________________________________thehouse?6．strikev．(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时n.罢工[写作佳句]MountTaihasstruckitsbeautyintomyheart；asaresult，itstrikesmethatIwillvisititagain.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心，因此我突然想到我会再次游览泰山。havemuchbother(in)finding[归纳拓展](1)bestruckby/with...被……击中；被……打动Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心strikesb.as/being...给某人的印象是……(2)be/goonstrike在/举行罢工[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Hestruckthetablewithhisfist.

②Theareawasstruckbyanoutbreakofcholera.

③Hestruckmeasmoreeagertowinthematch.

④Theairportisstillparalysedbythestrike.

⑤Thechildranintotheroadandwasstruckbyacar.

⑥Atthispoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime.

vt.打vt.侵袭vt.给(某人以……)印象n.罢工vt.撞击vt.突然想到⑦Theclockonthewallstrucknine..能力提升——补全句子/句式升级⑧Becausewe__________________________________________________(被你的天赋打动)intheroboticcompetition，I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(2018·高考天津卷)→__________________________________________intheroboticcompetition，I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(分词短语作状语)arestruckbyyourtalentStruckbyyourtalentvt.报时7．payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清；(付清工资后)解雇[写作佳句]IwasveryinterestedinEnglishandworkedhardatit.Finallyallmyeffortspaidoff.我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。[归纳拓展]payfor为……付款payback还钱；报复payavisitto拜访payattentionto注意[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Didyourdaringplanpayoff？________②Herdebtswerenotpaidoffuntillastyear.____③Whenthebuildingwascompleted，hepaidofftheworkers.__________________④Hishardworkincollegepaidoffatlast.Hehasbecomeafamousscientist.________取得成功还清(付清工资后)解雇得到回报能力提升——完成语段⑤LiHuahaddreamedof_______________Hangzhousincehewasalittlechild.Lastyear,he_____________thevisitwithadebt.Sincethen,hehasbeenworkinghardto_____________hisdebt.Hiseffortsfinally___________andhe____________allhisdebt.Sincethen,LiHuahasbeen_________________________thewayhespends.李华从小就梦想着去杭州旅游。去年，他带着债务为这次旅行买单。从那以后，他一直努力工作以偿还债务。他的努力终于有了回报，他还清了所有的债务。从那以后，李华一直注意他的消费方式。payingavisittopaidforpaybackpaidoffpaidoffpayingattentionto8．that引导的表语从句[教材原句]Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优势是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。[归纳拓展](1)that引导表语从句时，that在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。(2)Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的优势是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺点是……Thechanceis/Thechancesarethat...有可能……

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thedisadvantageoftheareais________thereisnopublictransport.②Thechanceis________ourteamwillfinishatthetop，asourremainingmatchesaren'ttoodifficult.③Thedrawbackoftheplanis________itcostsalotofmoney.thatthatthat能力提升——完成句子④Whatyoushouldbeawareis____________________________alltheotherschoolteamsinourgamesection.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)你应该知道的是，我们要在游戏区和其他所有的校队比赛。thatwe'regoingtoplayagainst[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.

adj.简单的②(2019·高考江苏卷)Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

③(浙江卷)Wedoe­mailsandPowerPoint,surftheInternet，andfeelwe'reatthecuttingedge.__________④(北京卷)Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.

n.影响处在最前沿vi.突然想到2．一词多义①(2019·高考北京卷)Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.__A．携带者 B．搬运工C．运输工具 D．运营商D②(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.__A．媒介 B．手段C．中等的③(2019·高考天津卷)Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.__A．目标 B．物件C．反对CBⅡ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2020·高考江苏卷)Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderable______________________(differ)．②(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thebeautifullongbranchescoveredwithpink­coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantastic______________________(decorate)．differencesdecorations③(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)____________________(popular)isawell­exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.④(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)She'sunable______________(meet)herschedule.⑤(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact____collegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.Popularitytomeeton2．完形填空①(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,Isoondiscoverthatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsofcampsamongtonsofrubbish.Ifindacleanmountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe____________.A．payingoff

B．spreadingoutC．blowingup D．fadingaway

49

解析：根据上文描述的这座山的环境情况有所改观可知，此处指坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎得到了回报。payoff“奏效，获得成功”；spreadout“伸展，散开”；blowup“爆炸”；fadeaway“逐渐消失”。答案：A②(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog,Rosie,butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched____________forRosieinthenextfourdays.A．onpurpose B．ontimeC．inturn D．invain

55

解析：根据上文可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。Jeff寻找四天，也没有找到他的狗Rosie，即徒劳无功。invain是固定短语，意为“徒劳无益，白费力气”。答案：D③(2017·高考天津卷)Influencedbyherstory,IcreatedtheAsWeHeal(痊愈),theWorldHealsproject.Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,000insupportofamovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworld____________meastheperfectsolution.A．scared B．consideredC．confused D．struck

26

解析：根据上文可知，此处表示：把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来，这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法。strikesb.assth.表示“给某人……印象”，因此选D。答案：DⅢ.书面表达亮点练1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)他的教学对我的学习和生活都产生了很大的影响。(makeadifference)______________________________________________________________2．(2020·天津3月高考)根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式，所以我赞成。(infavourof)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Histeachinghasmadeagreatdifferencetomystudyaswellasmylife.Basedonmyownexperience,lea