2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习说明文阅读

2025届新高考英语热点冲刺复习说明文阅读expository

reading说明文阅读说明对象说明方法说明文解题（主旨/中心+细节）说明文阅读说明对象说明文对象1）科技发明类newinvention飞机上为什么要安装黑匣子？兔子为什么不喝水？？说明文对象1）科技发明类newinvention2）科普object/phenomenon哈佛大学调查发现：成绩好/社会成功人士都爱读这类书籍历史“读史使人明智”-培根说明文对象1）科技发明类newinvention2）科普类object/phenomenon3）调查发现类research/study/survey/finding说明文对象1）科技发明类2）科普类3）调查发现类说明文：以说明对象为中心说明文阅读说明对象说明方法说明文特点（主旨+细节）说明文方法举例forexample(n.)2.比较compare(v)/comparison(n.)3.数据statistic(n.)/data（n.）4.引用quote(v.)/quotation(n.)5.分类classify(v.)/classification(n.)6.描写describe(v.)/description(n.)7.解释explain(v.)/explanation(n.)举例和比较Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体),whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.举例和比较Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体),whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.列数据ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.引用“Webelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbias(偏见)tobemoreindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmorecommunal(公共）andinterdependentinAsia,”saidPark.“Facebookconstitutesanextendedsocialcontextinwhichpersonalprofilesmirror（反映）variousindividualcharacteristics,privatethoughts,andsocialbehaviors,”

notedHuang.解释–通常为抽象名词Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalabilitiesandstyle．描写–通常为具体名词

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isanexcellentwatercollector.Theonlycomponentsrequired，though，area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer﹣perhapsjustadrinkingcup﹣tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.说明文阅读说明对象说明方法说明文特点：

主旨【说明对象/中心】+细节说明中心（主旨）1句话能概括说明细节：通过举例/数据/比较/引用/描写..✅找下列说文明的主旨

据科学警告（ScienceAlert）报道，英国基尔大学的科学家研究发现，睡眠时间超过8小时可能不仅会损害心理健康，还会使因中风和心血管疾病死亡的几率提高一倍。专家对74项研究进行了分析，涉及300余万人。结果发现，与睡7个小时相比，睡10个小时的死亡风险会提高30%。与此同时，死于中风的风险会提高56%，死于心血管疾病的风险会提高49%。此外，睡眠不好还会引发健康问题，使罹患心脏病的风险提高44%。此前美国埃尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员发现，正确设置夜间休息时间表和严格遵守昼夜节律可显著提高效率，使人神清气爽，保持健康。睡姿也是拥有良好睡眠的一大因素，需要特殊的枕头来保持头颈的正确位置。为了得到最充分和快速的放松，美国国家睡眠基金会的专家建议仰卧时在腿下垫一个枕头。我们每使用一度电，都要耗费掉一份人类赖以生存的自然资源。可别小看节约的这一度电。有了这一度电，一只10瓦的灯泡可以连续照明100小时，节能型家用电冰箱能运行两天，电动自行车能跑80公里，1000个市民可通话15分钟，40台电脑可工作1小时……一度电使一千瓦电炉烧一个小时！使一千瓦水泵抽水约十三吨！有了这1度电，普通电风扇能续运行15小时，电视机能开10小时，能将8千克的水烧开，能用吸尘器把房间打扫5遍，可用电炒锅烧两个美味的菜，可借助电热淋浴器洗一个非常舒服的澡……

学会调整心态，我们的人生就会化阴雨为晴天，呈现道道彩虹。凝望着梵高的《向日葵》，我的心灵被深深地震撼了。在生命的尽头，梵高依旧没有低头，从容向上，仍然紧握手中的画笔，仔细地描摹着金黄色的勾边。当骄阳如烈火般的向日葵被他一一点亮，我于焰火中看到了他的倔强和昂首的头颅。当贫穷与漠视的眼光席卷而来的时候，他毅然以积极乐观的态度撑起自己的脖颈，对艺术狂热的追求促使他面对人生的抗争迎难而上。消极抑或是积极的态度均取决于自己，不同的选择会有不同的结果。当我们面对命运的千疮百孔准备低头认输的时候，看看梵高那朵朵金黄的向日葵吧，我们总能找到坚强的理由。人生就像是一面镜子，你对它哭，它也会对你哭，你对它笑，它也会对你笑。梵高是一位对镜子笑的人，因此，镜子回送给他的也是笑。说明文的主旨1）有概括性；观点性、结论性、转折后等的句子2）利用句子的位置来判断EXERCISES

Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture，it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired，though，area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer﹣perhapsjustadrinkingcup﹣tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon…说明文阅读说明对象说明方法说明文特点（主旨+细节）补充：结构结构清晰：总-分/总分总

总：说文对象/中心/主旨分：第一…第二…第三..结构清晰则把握好结构做题结构不清晰：无明显的总-分/总-分-总结构则忽略说明文阅读解题抓住主旨重细节（圈、定、读、配&题文同序）1.日常做题：语文&英语说明文搭配，每周各1篇2.常识积累：日常阅读说明文三大中心文章并积累知识说明文阅读提高做题吧我可真开森啊

FormillionsofFacebookusers,choosingwhichphototouseforanonlineprofileisanimportantdecision.AccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUTDallasCenter,thephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferences,buttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldifferences.Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures,forexample,conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities

(实体),whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.

Dr.DenisePark,co-directoroftheCenteratUTDallas,andformergraduatestudentDr.Chih-MaoHuangoftheUniversityofIllinois,werecuriousaboutwhetherthesepatternsofculturalinfluenceextendtocyberspace.InapaperpublishedintheInternationalJournalofPsychology,theyexaminedtheprofilephotographsofmorethan500activeFacebookusersfromtheUnitedStatesandEastAsia.Overall,theyfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividual’sface,whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.

ThefindingsshowmarkedculturaldifferencesinthefocusofattentionamongEastAsianandAmericanFacebookusers.Moreover,theyechopreviousresearchonculturalinfluencesonvisualperception

(感知),attention,andreasoningintheofflineworld.

“WebelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbiastobemoreindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmorecommunalandinterdependentinAsia,”saidPark.

Theresearchalsofoundthatculturalinfluencesoverourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanandJapanesestudyingintheUnitedStatesbothshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountry.“Facebookconstitutesanextendedsocialcontextinwhichpersonalprofilesmirrorvariousindividualcharacteristics,privatethoughts,andsocialbehaviors,”notedHuang.“Assuch,thestudypresentsanewapproachtoinvestigatecognitionandbehaviorsacrossculturesbyusingFacebookasadatacollectionplatform.”1.Theunderlinedword

“condition”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans？advise

B.instruct

C.shape

D.forbid2.WecanknowfromthepassagethatMongolians（蒙古）probablyemphasize？A.culturalinfluences

B.socialbehaviorsC.independentexistence

D.collectivepower3.ItcanbeinferredthataKorean(韩国人）studyingintheUSislikelyto?A.useapictureofhisfaceonFacebookB.adjusttoAmericanpreferencesquicklyC.changehisprofilephotosfromtimetotimeD.putupaphotoofhisapartmentonFacebook4.AccordingtoDr.Huang,Facebookcanhelpto?A.makeupamoreextendedsocialcontextB.studythediversityofworldwideculturesC.promotecommunicationbetweeneastandwestD.combinedifferentculturesfromdifferentaspectsLeadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoingthingsright；leadershipisdoingtherightthings，"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms．

WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute，exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade，hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipexample，whichcenteredonthefeaturethatwasfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonmodesty，loyalty，courage，patience,andsoon.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude，notbehavior，thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness，andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness，itisessentialthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue．Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst，"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers，youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues，ab