金属基形状记忆合金研究进展

金属基形状记忆合金研究进展一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle金属基形状记忆合金（ShapeMemoryAlloys,SMAs）是一类具有独特形状记忆效应和超弹性的金属材料。自上世纪六十年代发现以来，因其优异的力学性能和潜在的应用价值，受到了广大科研人员和工程技术人员的广泛关注。随着科技的不断进步和研究的深入，金属基形状记忆合金的性能优化、新型合金开发、应用领域拓展等方面均取得了显著的进展。本文旨在全面综述金属基形状记忆合金的研究现状，深入探讨其形状记忆效应和超弹性的机理，分析当前存在的问题与挑战，并展望未来的发展趋势和应用前景。Metalbasedshapememoryalloys(SMAs)areatypeofmetalmaterialwithuniqueshapememoryeffectsandsuperelasticity.Sinceitsdiscoveryinthe1960s,ithasreceivedwidespreadattentionfromresearchersandengineeringtechniciansduetoitsexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandpotentialapplicationvalue.Withthecontinuousprogressoftechnologyandthedeepeningofresearch,significantprogresshasbeenmadeintheperformanceoptimization,developmentofnewalloys,andexpansionofapplicationfieldsofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys.Thisarticleaimstocomprehensivelyreviewtheresearchstatusofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys,deeplyexploretheirshapememoryeffectsandsuperelasticitymechanisms,analyzethecurrentproblemsandchallenges,andlookforwardtofuturedevelopmenttrendsandapplicationprospects.本文首先简要介绍了金属基形状记忆合金的基本概念、发展历程和分类，为后续研究提供背景知识。接着，重点阐述了形状记忆效应和超弹性的基本原理，包括相变机制、微观结构演变、热力学特性等方面。在此基础上，综述了近年来金属基形状记忆合金在性能优化、新型合金开发以及应用领域拓展等方面的研究进展，包括高强度高韧性合金的设计、轻质化合金的开发、复合材料的研制以及在航空航天、生物医学、汽车工程等领域的应用。指出了当前研究中存在的问题与挑战，提出了未来的发展方向和建议，以期为推动金属基形状记忆合金的进一步研究和应用提供参考。Thisarticlefirstbrieflyintroducesthebasicconcepts,developmenthistory,andclassificationofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys,providingbackgroundknowledgeforsubsequentresearch.Next,thebasicprinciplesofshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticitywereemphasized,includingphasetransitionmechanism,microstructureevolution,thermodynamicproperties,andotheraspects.Onthisbasis,theresearchprogressofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysinperformanceoptimization,newalloydevelopment,andapplicationfieldexpansioninrecentyearsissummarized,includingthedesignofhigh-strengthandhightoughnessalloys,thedevelopmentoflightweightalloys,thedevelopmentofcompositematerials,andtheirapplicationsinaerospace,biomedical,automotiveengineeringandotherfields.Theexistingproblemsandchallengesincurrentresearchwerepointedout,andfuturedevelopmentdirectionsandsuggestionswereproposed,inordertoprovidereferenceforfurtherresearchandapplicationofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys.二、金属基形状记忆合金的分类与性能Classificationandpropertiesofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys金属基形状记忆合金，作为一类具有独特形状记忆效应和超弹性的材料，在航空航天、机械电子、生物医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。根据合金元素和微观结构的不同，金属基形状记忆合金主要分为钛基、铜基、铁基和镍基等几大类。Metalbasedshapememoryalloys,asaclassofmaterialswithuniqueshapememoryeffectsandsuperelasticity,havebroadapplicationprospectsinaerospace,mechanicalelectronics,biomedicalandotherfields.Accordingtothedifferentalloyingelementsandmicrostructures,metalbasedshapememoryalloysaremainlydividedintoseveralcategories:titaniumbased,copperbased,ironbased,andnickelbased.钛基形状记忆合金以其轻质、高强度和良好的耐腐蚀性而受到广泛关注。其中，Ti-Ni系合金是应用最广泛的一类，具有良好的形状记忆效应和超弹性，适用于制作各种复杂的形状记忆器件。然而，钛基合金的成本较高，限制了其在大规模工业生产中的应用。Titaniumbasedshapememoryalloyshavereceivedwidespreadattentionduetotheirlightweight,highstrength,andgoodcorrosionresistance.Amongthem,TiNialloyisthemostwidelyusedtype,withgoodshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticity,suitableformakingvariouscomplexshapememorydevices.However,thehighcostoftitaniumbasedalloyslimitstheirapplicationinlarge-scaleindustrialproduction.铜基形状记忆合金则以其低廉的成本和良好的加工性能受到青睐。Cu-Al-Ni系合金是其中的代表，具有良好的形状记忆效应和较高的回复应力，适用于制作各类连接件和紧固件。铜基合金还具有良好的导电性和导热性，使其在电子电器领域具有一定的应用潜力。Copperbasedshapememoryalloysarefavoredfortheirlowcostandgoodprocessingperformance.CuAlNialloyisoneoftherepresentatives,withgoodshapememoryeffectandhighrecoverystress,suitableformakingvarioustypesofconnectorsandfasteners.Copperbasedalloysalsohavegoodconductivityandthermalconductivity,makingthemhavecertainapplicationpotentialinthefieldofelectronicsandelectricalappliances.铁基形状记忆合金以其高强度、高韧性和良好的耐腐蚀性而受到关注。Fe-Mn-Si系合金是其中的典型代表，具有优异的形状记忆效应和超弹性，适用于在高温和腐蚀环境下工作的器件。然而，铁基合金的加工性能较差，限制了其在某些领域的应用。Ironbasedshapememoryalloyshaveattractedattentionfortheirhighstrength,toughness,andgoodcorrosionresistance.FeMnSialloyisatypicalrepresentativeamongthem,withexcellentshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticity,suitablefordevicesoperatinginhightemperatureandcorrosiveenvironments.However,thepoorprocessingperformanceofiron-basedalloyslimitstheirapplicationincertainfields.镍基形状记忆合金则以其高温稳定性和良好的耐腐蚀性而受到重视。Ni-Ti系合金是其中的佼佼者，不仅具有良好的形状记忆效应和超弹性，还具有较高的疲劳寿命和优异的抗腐蚀性能，适用于制作高温和腐蚀环境下的形状记忆器件。Nickelbasedshapememoryalloysarehighlyvaluedfortheirhightemperaturestabilityandgoodcorrosionresistance.NiTialloysareamongthebest,notonlypossessinggoodshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticity,butalsohavinghighfatiguelifeandexcellentcorrosionresistance,makingthemsuitableformakingshapememorydevicesinhightemperatureandcorrosiveenvironments.总体来说，各类金属基形状记忆合金在性能上各有优缺点，适用于不同的应用领域。随着材料科学技术的不断发展，金属基形状记忆合金的性能将得到进一步提升，应用领域也将不断拓展。Overall,variousmetalbasedshapememoryalloyshavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantagesintermsofperformance,andaresuitablefordifferentapplicationfields.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofmaterialsscienceandtechnology,theperformanceofmetalbasedshapememoryalloyswillbefurtherimproved,andtheirapplicationfieldswillcontinuetoexpand.三、金属基形状记忆合金的制备技术Preparationtechnologyofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys金属基形状记忆合金（SMA）的制备技术对于其性能和应用具有至关重要的影响。近年来，随着材料科学技术的不断发展，SMA的制备技术也得到了显著的进步。目前，主要的制备技术包括熔炼法、粉末冶金法、物理气相沉积（PVD）以及快速凝固技术等。Thepreparationtechnologyofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys(SMA)hasacrucialimpactontheirpropertiesandapplications.Inrecentyears,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofmaterialsscienceandtechnology,thepreparationtechnologyofSMAhasalsomadesignificantprogress.Atpresent,themainpreparationtechnologiesincludemeltingmethod,powdermetallurgymethod,physicalvapordeposition(PVD),andrapidsolidificationtechnology.熔炼法是最常用的制备SMA的方法之一。通过将所需的合金元素按一定比例混合，在高温下熔炼并均匀化，然后冷却凝固得到合金。这种方法工艺简单，成本较低，但合金成分的控制和均匀性可能会受到影响。MeltingmethodisoneofthemostcommonlyusedmethodsforpreparingSMA.Bymixingtherequiredalloyelementsinacertainproportion,meltingandhomogenizingthemathightemperature,andthencoolingandsolidifyingtoobtainthealloy.Thismethodhasasimpleprocessandlowcost,butthecontrolanduniformityofalloycompositionmaybeaffected.粉末冶金法则是一种通过粉末混合、压制和烧结等步骤制备SMA的方法。这种方法能够更精确地控制合金的成分和微观结构，从而得到性能更优异的SMA。然而，粉末冶金法的工艺复杂，成本较高，限制了其在大规模生产中的应用。PowdermetallurgyisamethodofpreparingSMAthroughpowdermixing,pressing,andsintering.Thismethodcanmoreaccuratelycontrolthecompositionandmicrostructureofthealloy,therebyobtainingSMAwithbetterperformance.However,thecomplexprocessandhighcostofpowdermetallurgylimititsapplicationinlarge-scaleproduction.物理气相沉积（PVD）是一种先进的制备SMA的薄膜技术。通过在高真空环境中加热合金靶材，使其蒸发并沉积在基底上，形成薄膜。PVD技术能够制备出具有优异力学性能和表面性能的SMA薄膜，但设备昂贵，制备成本较高。Physicalvapordeposition(PVD)isanadvancedthinfilmtechnologyforpreparingSMA.Byheatingthealloytargetinahighvacuumenvironment,itevaporatesanddepositsonthesubstratetoformathinfilm.PVDtechnologycanprepareSMAthinfilmswithexcellentmechanicalandsurfaceproperties,buttheequipmentisexpensiveandthepreparationcostishigh.快速凝固技术是一种通过快速冷却熔融合金制备SMA的方法。这种方法能够细化合金的晶粒，提高合金的力学性能。快速凝固技术适用于制备高性能的SMA，但工艺复杂，对设备要求较高。RapidsolidificationtechnologyisamethodofpreparingSMAbyrapidlycoolingmoltenalloys.Thismethodcanrefinethegrainsizeofthealloyandimproveitsmechanicalproperties.Rapidsolidificationtechnologyissuitableforpreparinghigh-performanceSMA,buttheprocessiscomplexandrequireshighequipmentrequirements.金属基形状记忆合金的制备技术各有优缺点，应根据具体的应用需求和性能要求选择合适的制备技术。未来，随着材料科学技术的不断发展，新的制备技术将会不断涌现，为金属基形状记忆合金的研究和应用提供更多的可能性。Thepreparationtechniquesofmetalbasedshapememoryalloyshavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andappropriatepreparationtechniquesshouldbeselectedbasedonspecificapplicationrequirementsandperformancerequirements.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofmaterialsscienceandtechnology,newpreparationtechnologieswillcontinuetoemerge,providingmorepossibilitiesfortheresearchandapplicationofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys.四、金属基形状记忆合金的研究进展Researchprogressinmetalbasedshapememoryalloys金属基形状记忆合金作为一种重要的功能材料，近年来在材料科学、工程技术和航空航天等领域的研究与应用中取得了显著的进展。这些进展不仅深化了我们对金属基形状记忆合金变形机制和性能特性的理解，也推动了新型合金材料的开发和应用。Metalbasedshapememoryalloys,asanimportantfunctionalmaterial,havemadesignificantprogressinresearchandapplicationinmaterialsscience,engineeringtechnology,aerospaceandotherfieldsinrecentyears.Theseadvancesnotonlydeepenourunderstandingofthedeformationmechanismandperformancecharacteristicsofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys,butalsopromotethedevelopmentandapplicationofnewalloymaterials.在金属基形状记忆合金的研究中，新型合金的设计和制备是研究的热点之一。研究人员通过改变合金的成分、调整制备工艺、引入纳米结构等手段，不断开发出具有优异性能的新型合金。这些合金不仅具有更高的形状记忆效应和更低的驱动应力，而且具有更好的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和抗疲劳性能。Intheresearchofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys,thedesignandpreparationofnewalloysareoneofthehottopics.Researchershavecontinuouslydevelopednewalloyswithexcellentperformancebychangingthecompositionofthealloy,adjustingthepreparationprocess,andintroducingnanostructures.Thesealloysnotonlyhavehighershapememoryeffectandlowerdrivingstress,butalsohavebettercorrosionresistance,wearresistance,andfatigueresistance.同时，金属基形状记忆合金的应用领域也在不断扩展。在航空航天领域，形状记忆合金被用于制造智能结构、自适应蒙皮和振动控制系统等，以提高飞行器的性能和安全性。在医疗领域，形状记忆合金被用于制造可植入医疗器械、药物输送系统和生物传感器等，以改善医疗效果和提高患者的生活质量。形状记忆合金还在汽车、机械、电子等领域得到了广泛应用。Atthesametime,theapplicationfieldsofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysareconstantlyexpanding.Intheaerospacefield,shapememoryalloysareusedtomanufactureintelligentstructures,adaptiveskins,andvibrationcontrolsystemstoimprovetheperformanceandsafetyofaircraft.Inthemedicalfield,shapememoryalloysareusedtomanufactureimplantablemedicaldevices,drugdeliverysystems,andbiosensorstoimprovemedicaloutcomesandenhancethequalityoflifeofpatients.Shapememoryalloyshavealsobeenwidelyusedinfieldssuchasautomobiles,machinery,andelectronics.然而，金属基形状记忆合金的研究和应用仍面临一些挑战。例如，合金的制备成本较高，限制了其在大规模应用中的推广。合金的性能稳定性和可靠性仍需进一步提高。为了解决这些问题，研究人员正在不断探索新的制备工艺、优化合金成分、提高合金的性能稳定性等方面开展深入研究。However,theresearchandapplicationofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysstillfacesomechallenges.Forexample,thehighpreparationcostofalloyslimitstheirpromotioninlarge-scaleapplications.Theperformancestabilityandreliabilityofalloysstillneedtobefurtherimproved.Inordertoaddresstheseissues,researchersarecontinuouslyexploringnewpreparationprocesses,optimizingalloycomposition,andimprovingtheperformancestabilityofalloysthroughin-depthresearch.金属基形状记忆合金作为一种重要的功能材料，在航空航天、医疗、汽车等领域具有广泛的应用前景。随着研究的不断深入和技术的不断进步，相信金属基形状记忆合金将会在未来发挥更加重要的作用。Metalbasedshapememoryalloys,asanimportantfunctionalmaterial,havebroadapplicationprospectsinaerospace,medical,automotiveandotherfields.Withthecontinuousdeepeningofresearchandtechnologicalprogress,itisbelievedthatmetalbasedshapememoryalloyswillplayamoreimportantroleinthefuture.五、金属基形状记忆合金的应用与挑战Applicationandchallengesofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys金属基形状记忆合金因其独特的形状记忆效应和超弹性特性，在众多领域展现出了广阔的应用前景。然而，随着应用领域的不断扩展，也面临着一些挑战和问题。Metalbasedshapememoryalloyshaveshownbroadapplicationprospectsinmanyfieldsduetotheiruniqueshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticproperties.However,withthecontinuousexpansionofapplicationfields,italsofacessomechallengesandproblems.航空航天领域：金属基形状记忆合金因其轻质、高强度和优良的抗疲劳性能，在航空航天领域得到了广泛应用。例如，用于制作卫星天线、飞机起落架、发动机叶片等关键部件。Intheaerospacefield,metalbasedshapememoryalloyshavebeenwidelyusedduetotheirlightweight,highstrength,andexcellentfatigueresistance.Forexample,itisusedtomakekeycomponentssuchassatelliteantennas,aircraftlandinggears,engineblades,etc.医疗领域：SMAs在医疗领域也发挥了重要作用，如用于制作牙科矫正器、骨科植入物、心脏支架等医疗器械。其独特的形状记忆功能使得医疗器械能够在体内自动恢复到预设的形状，提高治疗效果。Medicalfield:SMAshavealsoplayedanimportantroleinthemedicalfield,suchasintheproductionofdentalbraces,orthopedicimplants,cardiacstentsandothermedicaldevices.Itsuniqueshapememoryfunctionenablesmedicaldevicestoautomaticallyreturntotheirpresetshapeinthebody,improvingtreatmenteffectiveness.智能材料：金属基形状记忆合金还可以作为智能材料用于智能结构、智能传感器和驱动器等方面。例如，通过集成传感器和执行器，可以实现结构自适应控制、振动抑制等功能。Smartmaterials:Metalbasedshapememoryalloyscanalsobeusedassmartmaterialsforsmartstructures,smartsensors,andactuators.Forexample,byintegratingsensorsandactuators,functionssuchasstructuraladaptivecontrolandvibrationsuppressioncanbeachieved.成本问题：目前，金属基形状记忆合金的生产成本仍然较高，限制了其在某些领域的应用。未来需要通过改进生产工艺、提高材料利用率等方式降低成本。Costissue:Currently,theproductioncostofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysisstillhigh,whichlimitstheirapplicationincertainfields.Inthefuture,itisnecessarytoreducecostsbyimprovingproductionprocessesandincreasingmaterialutilization.性能优化：尽管金属基形状记忆合金具有优异的性能，但在某些特定应用场合下仍需要进一步优化。例如，提高记忆效应的稳定性、增强材料的抗腐蚀性能等。Performanceoptimization:Althoughmetalbasedshapememoryalloyshaveexcellentperformance,furtheroptimizationisstillneededincertainspecificapplicationscenarios.Forexample,improvingthestabilityofmemoryeffectsandenhancingthecorrosionresistanceofmaterials.环境适应性：金属基形状记忆合金的性能受温度、应力等因素影响较大，在实际应用中需要充分考虑环境因素对材料性能的影响。因此，需要开展深入研究，提高材料的环境适应性。Environmentaladaptability:Theperformanceofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysisgreatlyaffectedbyfactorssuchastemperatureandstress.Inpracticalapplications,itisnecessarytofullyconsidertheinfluenceofenvironmentalfactorsonmaterialproperties.Therefore,in-depthresearchisneededtoimprovetheenvironmentaladaptabilityofmaterials.金属基形状记忆合金在多个领域具有广泛的应用前景，但同时也面临着一些挑战和问题。未来，需要通过不断的研究和创新，推动金属基形状记忆合金的应用和发展。Metalbasedshapememoryalloyshavebroadapplicationprospectsinmultiplefields,buttheyalsofacesomechallengesandproblems.Inthefuture,itisnecessarytopromotetheapplicationanddevelopmentofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysthroughcontinuousresearchandinnovation.六、未来展望Futureoutlook随着科技的快速发展，金属基形状记忆合金作为一种功能材料，在航空航天、汽车制造、医疗器械、智能机器人等领域的应用前景日益广阔。尽管在过去的几十年里，我们在金属基形状记忆合金的研究上取得了显著的进步，但仍有许多挑战和问题需要我们去面对和解决。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,metalbasedshapememoryalloys,asafunctionalmaterial,haveincreasinglybroadapplicationprospectsinaerospace,automotivemanufacturing,medicaldevices,intelligentrobotsandotherfields.Althoughwehavemadesignificantprogressintheresearchofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysinthepastfewdecades,therearestillmanychallengesandproblemsthatweneedtofaceandsolve.我们需要进一步研究和开发新型的高性能金属基形状记忆合金。这包括寻找具有更高形状记忆效应、更优异力学性能和更宽使用温度范围的合金体系。我们还需要深入研究合金的微观结构和性能之间的关系，以揭示形状记忆效应的机理，为合金的设计和优化提供理论支持。Weneedtofurtherresearchanddevelopnewhigh-performancemetalbasedshapememoryalloys.Thisincludessearchingforalloysystemswithhighershapememoryeffects,superiormechanicalproperties,andawidertemperaturerangeforuse.Wealsoneedtoconductin-depthresearchontherelationshipbetweenthemicrostructureandpropertiesofalloys,inordertorevealthemechanismofshapememoryeffectandprovidetheoreticalsupportforthedesignandoptimizationofalloys.我们需要提高金属基形状记忆合金的可靠性和稳定性。在实际应用中，合金的疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能往往直接影响到其使用寿命和安全性。因此，我们需要通过改进制备工艺、优化合金成分、开发表面处理技术等手段，提高合金的综合性能。Weneedtoimprovethereliabilityandstabilityofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys.Inpracticalapplications,thefatigueperformanceandcorrosionresistanceofalloysoftendirectlyaffecttheirservicelifeandsafety.Therefore,weneedtoimprovethecomprehensiveperformanceofthealloybyimprovingthepreparationprocess,optimizingthealloycomposition,anddevelopingsurfacetreatmenttechniques.再次，我们需要加强金属基形状记忆合金在复杂环境下的应用研究。例如，在高温、高湿、高盐雾等恶劣环境下，合金的性能可能会发生显著变化。因此，我们需要研究合金在这些环境下的性能衰减机理，并提出相应的防护措施和解决方案。Onceagain,weneedtostrengthentheapplicationresearchofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysincomplexenvironments.Forexample,inharshenvironmentssuchashightemperature,highhumidity,andhighsaltspray,theperformanceofalloysmayundergosignificantchanges.Therefore,weneedtostudytheperformancedegradationmechanismofalloysintheseenvironmentsandproposecorrespondingprotectivemeasuresandsolutions.我们还需要推动金属基形状记忆合金的智能化和多功能化。通过集成传感器、执行器、控制系统等智能化组件，可以实现合金的智能响应和远程控制。通过引入其他功能元素或纳米材料，可以赋予合金更多的功能特性，如电磁响应、热响应、光响应等。Wealsoneedtopromotetheintelligenceandmultifunctionalityofmetalbasedshapememoryalloys.Byintegratingintelligentcomponentssuchassensors,actuators,andcontrolsystems,intelligentresponseandremotecontrolofalloyscanbeachieved.Byintroducingotherfunctionalelementsornanomaterials,alloyscanbeendowedwithmorefunctionalcharacteristics,suchaselectromagneticresponse,thermalresponse,lightresponse,etc.金属基形状记忆合金作为一种具有广泛应用前景的功能材料，其研究和发展仍然面临着许多挑战和机遇。我们期待在未来能够看到更多的创新成果和突破性的进展，为人类社会的进步和发展做出更大的贡献。Asafunctionalmaterialwithbroadapplicationprospects,theresearchanddevelopmentofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysstillfacemanychallengesandopportunities.Welookforwardtoseeingmoreinnovativeachievementsandbreakthroughprogressinthefuture,makinggreatercontributionstotheprogressanddevelopmentofhumansociety.七、结论Conclusion金属基形状记忆合金作为一种独特的智能材料，凭借其独特的形状记忆效应和超弹性，在众多领域展现出广阔的应用前景。随着科学技术的不断进步，对于金属基形状记忆合金的研究也日益深入，不断推动着这种材料的性能优化与应用拓展。Metalbasedshapememoryalloys,asauniqueintelligentmaterial,haveshownbroadapplicationprospectsinmanyfieldsduetotheiruniqueshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticity.Withthecontinuousprogressofscienceandtechnology,researchonmetalbasedshapememoryalloysisbecomingincreasinglyin-depth,constantlypromotingtheoptimizationoftheirpropertiesandtheexpansionoftheirapplications.本文综述了近年来金属基形状记忆合金的研究进展，从材料制备技术、性能优化、机理研究到实际应用等多个方面进行了详细阐述。在材料制备方面，新型制备技术的出现使得合金的成分调控更加精确，微观结构调控更加灵活，为合金性能的提升奠定了坚实的基础。在性能优化方面，研究者们通过成分设计、热处理工艺优化等手段，不断提升合金的形状记忆效应、超弹性以及力学性能，使得合金在更广泛的温度范围内、更大的应变条件下展现出稳定的性能。Thisarticlereviewstheresearchprogressofmetalbasedshapememoryalloysinrecentyears,andelaboratesindetailonvariousaspectssuchasmaterialpreparationtechnology,performanceoptimization,mechanismresearch,andpracticalapplications.Intermsofmaterialpreparation,theemergenceofnewpreparationtechnologieshasmadethecompositioncontrolofalloysmorepreciseandthemicrostructurecontrolmoreflexible,layingasolidfoundationfortheimprovementofalloyproperties.Intermsofperformanceoptimization,researcherscontinuouslyimprove