命题点2 从属连词

第三部分

语法专题精讲练专题八

连词命题点2

从属连词1.从属连词的分类2.从属连词的用法（1）引导宾语从句的连词：that,

whether,

if——具体讲解见本书“第三部分

语法专题精讲练”专题十

主从复合句P131。（2）引导时间状语从句的连词从属连词含义用法例句when当……时具体用法和例句见下面的“何时用when，何时用while的判定方法”。while从属连词含义用法例句as当……时as引导的从句的动作与主句动作同时发生，但不用进行时，多用一般过去时。The

students

took

notes

as

they

listened.until/till直到until和till通常可以互换，但是till不用于句首；“not…

until/till”意为“直到……才……”。You

may

stay

here

until

the

snow

stops.She

didn’t

go

to

bed

until

she

had

finished

her

homework.续表从属连词含义用法例句before在……之前主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。Did

she

leave

a

message

before

she

left？after在……之后主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。Molly

showed

me

lots

of

beautiful

pictures

after

I

got

to

her

home.续表从属连词含义用法例句since自从从句用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。I

have

worked

in

this

companysince

I

came

to

this

city.as

soon

as一……就……从句动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。若主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。I

will

visit

you

as

soon

as

I

come

back.续表何时用when，何时用while的判定方法①若主句的动词是短暂性动词，从句的动词是延续性动词，则when和while都可用。如：Our

teacher

came

into

the

classroom

when/while

we

were

chatting.②若主句和从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，则要用while。如：My

mother

was

cooking

dinner

while

I

was

reading

a

book.③若从句的动词是短暂性动词，则要用when。如：It

was

raining

when

she

arrived

at

the

station.④若主句和从句的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序，则要用when。如：I

will

study

abroad

when

I

have

enough

money.⑤when可作并列连词，意为“这时（突然）”，while也可作并列连词，意为“而，却”。如：He

was

ready

to

leave

home

when

the

phone

rang.I

like

watching

action

movies

while

she

likes

watching

comedies.（3）引导条件状语从句的连词从属连词含义用法例句if如果若主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。If

it

doesn’t

rain,

I

will

go

on

a

picnic

with

my

friends.unless（if…

not）除非You

will

be

late

for

school

unless

you

go

now.=You

will

be

late

for

school

if

you

don’t

go

now.as/so

long

as只要I’ll

stay

as

long

as

you

need

me.（4）引导原因状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句because因为表示因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why引导的问句，所引出的原因通常是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的。I

can’t

go

shopping

with

you

because

I

have

to

look

after

my

little

sister.since因为；既然表示因果关系的语气比because弱，引出的原因通常是人们已知的事实，因此经常译为“既然”。Since

everyone

is

here,

let’s

begin.连词含义用法例句as因为as语气比since弱，所引出的原因通常是人们已知的事实或者在说话人看来已经很明显的原因。As

she

is

not

well,

I

decide

to

go

alone.for因为语气最弱，不表示直接原因，表示附加或推断的理解。The

days

are

short,

for

it

is

December

now.续表（5）引导让步状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句although虽然；尽管不能与but连用，但是可以与yet或still连用。Although/Though

he

is

old,

he

is

very

strong.thougheventhough/even

if即使；虽然Even

though/Even

if

I

may

fail,

I

will

have

a

try.whenever无论什么时候引导让步状语从句时相当于no

matter

when。You

can

ask

for

help

whenever

you

need

it.wherever无论在哪里引导让步状语从句时相当于no

matter

where。Some

people

enjoy

themselves

wherever

they

are.连词含义用法例句whatever无论什么引导让步状语从句时相当于no

matter

what。Whatever

difficulties

we

meet,

we

must

face

them

bravely.whoever无论是谁引导让步状语从句时相当于no

matter

who。Whoever

breaks

the

laws

should

be

punished.（6）引导目的状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句so

that/in

order

that为了；以便后接句子。He

works

hard

so

that/in

order

that

he

can

live

a

better

life.续表（7）引导结果状语从句的连词连词含义用法so…

that…如此……以至于……so+adj./adv.+that从句so+adj.+a/an+n.+that从句such…

that…such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句

当名词前有many,

much,

few,

little修饰时，应该用so，不能用such。如：

There

were

so

many

people

that

I

couldn’t

find

a

good

place

to

take

photos.3.状语从句的时态（1）主将从现：在时间、条件状语从句中，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。①引导时间状语从句：when,

while,

after,

before,

until,

whenever,

as

soon

as,

once等。如：I’ll

call

you

as

soon

as

I

get

to

Beijing.②引导条件状语从句：if,

unless,

as/so

long

as,

in

case等。如：If

my

mother

allows

me

to

go

to

the

party,

I

will

be

very

happy.（2）since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：Our

English

teacher

has

worked

in

this

school

since

she

graduated

from

Peking

University.（3）主情从现：主句有情态动词，从句使用一般现在时。如：You

can

get

good

grades

if

you

study

hard.（4）主祈从现：主句为祈使句，从句使用一般现在时。如：Be

careful

when

you

cut

the

fruit.随堂练一、用方框中所给单词完成句子if

since

because

whilealthough

as

soon

as

until1.I

will

never

give

up

my

dream

of

being

a

policeman

_________

there

are

many

difficulties.although2.You

should

phone

your

parents

___

you

come

home

late,

or

they

will

worry

about

you.if3.Jessie

has

begun

to

practice

dancing

______

she

moved

to

this

city

five

years

ago.since4.For

your

safety,

you

mustn’t

get

close

to

the

train

______

it

stops.until5.The

doctor

looks

tired

and

sleepy

________

he

stayed

up

late

to

look

after

his

patients

last

night.because6.It’s

rude

to

cut

in

on

others.

You

shouldn’t

start

speaking

______

they

are

talking.while7.____________

he

heard

the

little

girl

crying

for

help

outside,

he

rushed

out

of

the

room.As

soon

asunless

rain

before

though

meet8.Making

friends

is

not

easy.

Sometimes

it

can

take

years

_______

you

become

true

friends

with

someone.before9.I

think

my

junior

middle

school

life

is

colourful,________

I

am

always

busy.though10.You

can’t

make

progress

in

math

learning_______

you

work

harder.unless11.He

is

pretty

active

and

he’s

been

my

friend

since

we

_____

for

the

first

time.met12.If

it

______

tomorrow，

I’ll

stay

at

home

and

read

a

book.rains二、用方框中所给单词完成语篇that

before

while

because

if

When

I

was

in

seventh

grade,

I

performed

badly.

I

always

liked

to

eat

or

listen

to

music

1.______

I

was

doing

homework.

This

bad

habit

led

to

my

poor

study.

2._________

my

mother

was

worried

about

me

a

lot,

she

asked

my

head

teacher

for

help.whileBecause

One

day,

3._______

I

was

about

to

leave

school,

my

head