从女性角度分析老人与海中的硬汉形象

Contents7822_WPSOffice_Level1Abstract i7822_WPSOffice_Level1Keywords i7822_WPSOffice_Level1内容摘要 ii7822_WPSOffice_Level1关键词 ii7822_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅰ.Introduction 127582_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅱ.AnAnalysisofFeminisminTheOldManandtheSea 38208_WPSOffice_Level12.1TheHiddenHeroicRoleofWomen 312196_WPSOffice_Level12.2DaringSpiritforFacingtheDifficulty 415039_WPSOffice_Level12.3AmazingPerseveranceintheLongFighting 628063_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅲ.OptimisminFemaleCharacterinTheOldManandtheSea 74951_WPSOffice_Level13.1ConfidenceandBraveness 830290_WPSOffice_Level13.2LoveofNature 925451_WPSOffice_Level13.3HopefortheLife 1025266_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅳ.PersonalityContradictioninFemalePerspective 1214107_WPSOffice_Level14.1OvertAggression 124439_WPSOffice_Level14.2FishingforLife 1220911_WPSOffice_Level14.3FailureintheRealWorld 1325395_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅴ.ANewFeministPerspectiveontheToughGuySpirit 1514324_WPSOffice_Level15.1StartingPointofToughGuySpirit 1523287_WPSOffice_Level15.2SourcesofLoneliness 175769_WPSOffice_Level1Ⅵ.Conclusion 207349_WPSOffice_Level1Bibliography 2111130_WPSOffice_Level1Acknowledgments 22Abstract:TheOldManandtheSeawaswrittenbyErnestHemingway,whowasoneofthemostfamouswritersinAmericaandevenallovertheworld.Thisnovelhasbeenattractivetomanyreadersandcriticsevennow.Thereisnodoubtthatmanyreasonsmaycontributetothesuccessofthenovel.Butthemainreasonistheimpressiveandeternalartisticfigure,Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero.Hemingwaycreatedtheclassicalimageofcodeherosuccessfully.SomanyofresearchersmainlyfocusonthecodeherospiritofSantiago.However,therearealsosomeoptimisticandcontradictorycharactersinSantiago.ApartfromanalyzingthecodeherospiritofSantiago,thisthesisalsointendstoanalyzetheoptimisminSantiago’spersonalityandthecontradictionofthecharactersofSantiago.ThisistheintegratedimageofSantiago.ByanalyzingthesecharactersofSantiago,thereaderscanunderstandtheimageofSantiagodeeplyandcompletely.ThisthesiswillanalyzethecharacteristicsofSantiagofromtheaspectsasbelow:theCodeHeroofSantiago,theOptimisminSantiago’sPersonality,theContradictionoftheCharactersofSantiago.ThefirstchapterwillintroduceHemingwayandTheOldManandtheSeabriefly.ThesecondchapterintroducesthespiritofCodeHerobyanalyzingtheprocessoftheoldmancatchingMarlinandfightingwiththesharks.ThethirdchapterfocusesontheoptimisticcharactersofSantiagofromSantiago’sattitudetowardsbirdandlion.ThefourthchapterdiscussesSantiago’sovertaggression,fishingforlifeandfailure.ThisreflectsthecomplexityofSantiago’scharacters.Thelastpartistheconclusion.ThisthesisadvocatestheunremittingandperseverantspiritfromtheanalysisoftheimageofSantiago.Therefore,TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthemostinfluentialandfar-reachingnovelsoftheliterarytreasureoftheworld.Keywords:CodeHero;Character;Optimism;Contradiction内容摘要:《老人与海》的作者是欧内斯特·海明威。他是美国甚至全世界最著名的作家之一。这部小说至今仍然吸引了大量的读者和评论家。毫无疑问，有许多的原因促成了这部小说的成功。但是，最主要的当然是因为这个令人印象深刻的永恒的艺术形象，桑地亚哥，硬汉的集大成者。海明威成功塑造了一个典型硬汉形象，因此，很多研究者主要关注的是桑地亚哥的硬汉精神。然而，在桑地亚哥身上还有一些乐观的和矛盾的性格。除了分析桑地亚哥的硬汉精神，本文也会分析桑地亚哥乐观的性格和矛盾的性格。这才是完整的桑地亚哥形象。通过分析桑地亚哥的这些性格，读者能够更加深入和完整地理解桑地亚哥这个人物形象。本文将从以下几个方面分析桑地亚哥的人物性格：硬汉桑地亚哥、桑地亚哥性格的乐观性和性格的矛盾性。第一章将简洁地介绍海明威和《老人与海》。第二章通过介绍老人捕获马林鱼和与鲨鱼斗争的过程分析其硬汉精神。第三章从桑地亚哥对待小鸟、狮子的态度关注桑地亚哥性格的乐观性。第四章讨论桑地亚哥的攻击性、捕鱼和失败。这反映了桑地亚哥性格的复杂性。文章的最后部分是总论。本文正是从分析《老人与海》中桑地亚哥形象倡导不懈、锲而不舍的精神。也正因为如此，《老人与海》是世界文学宝库中影响最大、也最深远的小说之一。关键字：硬汉；性格；乐观；矛盾ⅠIntroductionErnestHemingwayisaoutstandingAmericannovelist,whoisconsideredasoneofthemostinfluentialandbrilliantwritersallovertheworld.HewasborninChicago,Illinois,USA,onJuly21,1899anddiedinKetchum,Idaho,onJuly2,1961.Hemingwaywasthesecondofsixchildren,andhisparentshadthedecentoccupationswithstableincome.Hisfatherwasasuccessfulphysicianwhoenjoyedoutsideactivities.Hismotherwasamusicianwholovedliterature.Itcanbesaidthathegrewupinawealthymiddle-classfamilyintheUniteStates.HisparentshadagreatimpactonHemingway’shobbies.Hemingwaywasfondofoutdoorsportsandartandappreciatedfishingandhunting.Heoftenwentfishingandhuntingwithhisfather,whichshapedhisattitudetowardslife.Hemingwayhadahappychildhood.Inhisschooltime,hewrotefortheschoolpaperandliterarybooks,andhewasalsoconsideredasagoodstudentwithexcellentgrades.Hedidn’tenteruniversitywhenhegraduatedfromhighschool.HechosetobeareporterforTheKansasCityStar.Thisisthebeginningofhiswritingcareer.Then,HemingwaydroveambulanceinItalyduringtheWorldWarI.However,hewasseriouslywoundedwhichmadehimfeeldisappointedwiththeworldandthefateofthehumanbeingforthewar.Alloftheseexperiencesbecamethefoundationofhiswritingcareer.HemingwaywenttoFloridaandstartedfishingin1928.Afterfouryears,HemingwaymovedtoHavanaforatwomonthfishingexpeditionandbeganmarlinfishing.ThisexperiencefinallyprovidedmaterialforTheOldManandtheSea.Hemingwayhaswrittenalotoffamousworksinhiswholelife.Amonghisbooks,TheOldManandtheSeaisErnestHemingway’sbestwork.TheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952,whichwasagreatsuccess.HemingwayearnedthePulitzerFictionPrizein1952andwontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1954.ThisnovelisashortsimplestoryaboutanoldfishermannamedSantiagowhofishedintheseaonlybyhimself.AlthoughSantiagoobtainednothingforeighty-fourdays,buthedidnotgiveup.Throughhisefforts,hehookedabigmarlineventually,thelargesthehadeverseenbefore.ThefishwaspowerfulwhileSantiagowasweak.Forforty-eighthoursthebigmarlintowedhimandhisboatouttosea.Santiagoborethewholeweightofthebigmarlin.Heenduredmuchpain.However,afterheroicefforts,hefinallydrewtheweakenedmarlintothesurfaceandcaughtit.Whiletheoldfishermansailedbacktohome,thesharksattackedhisfishallnight.Despitehisheroicdefense,heonlytookthegiantskeletonofthebigmarlinbacktoshore.Althoughtheoldfishermanlosthisharvestforfight,buthisstrugglehadbroughthimrespect.TheOldManandtheSeaissofamousallovertheworldthatithasarousedcriticalattentionathomeandabroad.Morecriticismhasbeendoneonthisnovel.Foreigncritics,forexample,Delbert.E.WyldersaidthatthelastnovelofHemingwaywasTheOldManandtheSea,thisnovelwhichHemingwaywouldregardasanewform.Santiagoisagainacodeherowithadifferentface.HeisregardedasamodernadaptationoftheSaint.OtherforeigncriticsthinkSantiagoasSaintorChristfigure.ChinesecriticsthinkthesadnessofHemingway’sworksreflectthedeep-rootedpessimism.Meanwhile,thecriticsinChinaalsofocusonthecodeherospirit.SantiagowascreatedbyHemingwaysuccessfullyastheprotagonistofTheOldManandtheSea.ForSantiago,themajorityofcriticsalmostfocusonhistough-guyspirit,thesenseofbeinglost,andthecharacter’sdespair.FewofthemhavetouchedotheraspectsofSantiago,suchastheoptimisminSantiago’spersonalityandthecontradictionofthecharactersofSantiago.ThisthesisintendstoanalyzeSantiago’simageinmultipleinterpretations.Inthisthesis,theintroductionprovidesabriefpresentationtoHemingway,TheOldManandtheSeaandthecurrentstudiesonthisnovel.ThesecondchapterhandlesSantiago’codeherospiritbyanalyzingtheprocessoffishing.ThethirdchapterfocusesontheoptimisminSantiago’spersonality.ThefourthchapteranalyzesthecontradictionofthecharactersofSantiago.Theconclusivepartgivesasummaryofthewholepassage,revealingtheimportantsignificanceofthestudyonanalysisofthecharactersofSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSea.ⅡAnAnalysisofFeminisminTheOldManandtheSeaHemingwaysucceededincombininghislegendaryexperienceandwritingcreation.InHemingway’sworks,CodeHeroisausualtheme.HecreatedoneafteranothertypicalheroesofHemingway.Hisheroeshavethecommonfeatures.Alloftheseheroesarefacedwithmanydifficultiesorevendeathintheirlives,theyarefightingwithobstaclesbravelyinsteadofescapingfromtherealworldorlosingtheirheartanddignity.Andtheysharethesameattitudetowardstheunfortunatefate:whenthefatebringstoomanytortureandpaintothem,theywillnevergiveupbutkeeponfightingtotheend.Eventually,theywinspiritually.Incodehero’screed,theyareintheworldfullofviolenceandevil,theycansurviveonlybyfightingback,sotheyshouldbereadytofightatanytime.TheseheroesinHemingway’screationsshowtheirgraceundergreatpressure.Theyareenduring,brave,andfullofhopetowardslife.Theyarealsoregardedasthewinnerofthefailure.However,theyarelosersintherealworldbecausetheyhaven’tachievedtheirgoalsduetobadluckorsomeotherreasons.Insomeway,theyarewinnersbecausetheynevergiveupfightingforlife.Moreover,greatpressureanddisastercan’tdefeatthembutstimulatethemtofightevenmorecourageouslyandfirmly.Hemingwaydefinesthecodeheroasamanwhoishonorary,courageousandendurableinabrutalworld.Santiago,themaincharacterinTheOldManandtheSea,isanoldfishermanwhoisfishingintheseaonlybyhimself.TheoldfishermanbecomestherepresentativeofHemingway’scodehero.Thisnovelcanshowtheimageofacodeherothroughhimcompletelyandclearly.2.1TheHiddenHeroicRoleofWomenThedescriptionofenvironmentplaysaverysignificantroleinplottinganovel.Ithelpstoexpressthefigure’sfeaturesmorecompletelyforthereaders.Santiagoisanoldfishermanlivingintheseaside.Fishingishislifelongcareer,sotheseaisaveryimportantplacetohim.Theoldfisherman’sheroicbehaviormostlyhappenedonthesea.Theseaisusuallyaperfectplaceforaconflict.Hemingwaymakeshisheroinavast,lonelyandmysteriousenvironmenttoperformhisbravenessinthisnovel,whichperfectlyshowswhathewantstoexpress.Theseanotonlycantesttheoldfisherman’swill,courageandendurance,butalsoformasharpcomparison.Theseaishugeandpowerfulwhiletheoldfishermanissmallandlonely.ThemainplotofthenovelTheOldManandtheSeaisanoldfisherman’sfishingprocessonthesea.Thedetailedheroicbehavioroftheoldfishermancanbeanalyzedthroughthisprocessclearly.Theoldfishermanwasverybrave.heforgothisageandignoredtheharshmaritimegeographyenvironmentandthefiercebirdandshark’sattackatanytime.Aftertwodaysandnightsofthepaddle,hereachedthedeep-sea.Thegoodqualityofthecodeherowaspersistentandbrave.AtlastSantiagohookedaneighteen-footMarlin,thelargesthehadevermet.Thefishwassohuge,anditwastoopowerfulforSantiagowhofishedalonewithouthavingthehelpofanyone,sohechosetofightwiththebigMarlin.TokeeponfightingwiththebigMarlinaftertwodaysandnights,thebigMarlinwaskilledbySantiagoeventually.Arealcodeherorefusedtobediscouraged.Theoldfishermanwasinbadluckindeed.WhiletheexhaustedSantiagosailedbacktohome,thesharksappearedthesurfacetoattackhisMarlin.EventhoughtheexhaustedSantiagofeltextremelytried,hestillfoughtwiththesharksbyusinghisonlyweapontiller.Whenhereachedshoreonlythebaldbackboneofthemarlinwasleft,butthegiantskeletonwasregardedasabadgeoftheoldfisherman’svictory.Thepainanddisasterisnotfeartohimatall.Santiago’sheroicbehaviorintheseacanreflecthisbravenessandcourageinfaceofunfortunatefate.Hecanacceptallhardshipscalmly.Santiago’sheroicbehaviorrevealsthatlifeislikeacruelandlonelybattleinthesea,whichisdoomedtobelost.Therearesomanyobstaclesandevendisastersinourlifejourney.Thetrueherochoosestostrugglebravelyuntilthelastmomentinsteadofescaping.Noonecanescapefromtherealworld.Sothemanshouldbebravehoweverterriblethesituationis.Santiagoistherepresentativefigureoftherealhero.Heissupposedtoacceptandrespecttherealworldandstrugglewithitcalmlyandfirmlytotheend.Themeaningoflifeliesneitherinsuccess,norinfailure,insteadinhisattitudetowardloss.2.2DaringSpiritforFacingtheDifficultySantiago’sdaringspiritcanberevealedbetterbyanalyzinghislivingenvironmentandinnerworld.Nomatterwhatthedifficultyitis,Santiagoisalwaysbrave,calmandoptimistic.Heisreadyforanydifficultyinlife,whichembodiesthetypicalimageofcodehero.Throughthedescriptionofthelivingenvironment,Santiago’slivingenvironmentisverysimpleandterrible.Therewasonlyabed,atable,achairandaplacetocookonthedirtyfloorinhissmallshack.But,theoldfishermanlivesinitwithoutanycomplaining.Whatmakeslifeworse,hiswifediedseveralyearsago.Santiagoisalonelymanwhohasfewfriendsinhislifeexceptforalittleboy.Hestillhasanoblefaithtowardslife.Fromthedescriptionofhislivingconditions,hehasnootherwealthinadditiontoafishingboatandasmallshack.ThisisthestandardofthetypicalAmericancodeheroes—theyhavenothingexceptstrongbodyanddaringspirit.Santiagodidnotcatchonefishforeighty-fourdays.Andthemajoritypeopleknowwhatitmeanstobeafisherman.Butsadly,theonlylittleboywhocompaniedwithhimlefthimaloneinthevastsea.However,theoldfishermandidnotfeelafraid,hetriedtostranglethethroatofunfortunatefate,andneverlethimselfmakesubmission.Confrontingwithallkindsofhardshipsinlife,spiritmeansalot.Theoldfishermanbravelystruggleswithit.AttheverybeginningofthenovelTheOldManandtheSea,theoldfishermanenduresthepaintofightwiththebigmarlinandsharks.Hechallengeshisoldageandphysicallimit.Theseportraysaimtodescribetheoldfisherman’sdaringspirit.Thereadersareshockedbytheoldfisherman’sbraveactionanddaringspirit.Theoldfishermanrepresentsthestruggleagainstdilemmaandrefusestofail.Thisisatrueportrayalofthespiritofcourage.Byaseeminglysimpleprocessoftheoldfisherman’sfishing,whateverdifficultyhefaceswith,theoldfishermandarestoadoptanyobstacle,andinsistsonhisprinciplesoflife:amancanbedestroyedphysicallybutcannotbedefeatedmentally.Althoughthemanisagedandisnotwell-armedatall,andbadluck,poorlivingconditionsandterriblephysicalhealthalsotroubletheoldfisherman.Hestilluseshisspirit,brief,andwillasweaponstofight.So,heisawinnerinspirit.Theoldfishermanisagedandweakinphysiologywhileheisstrongandpowerfulinspirit.Theoldfisherman’sattitudetowardspoverty,loneliness,andchallengereflectsdaringspiritandrichinnerworld.Throughanalyzingthispart,therealcodeheroisdaringtofightwiththecruelworldandunfairfateasthesoldier.2.3AmazingPerseveranceintheLongFightingThroughoutthewholework,theauthorshowsabraveandwiseoldfishermanandanunyieldingfightertous.Asapracticedandskilledfisherman,Santiagothistimehadtoadmitthatheisaloser.Buthedidnotgiveup,andinsistedtocontinuefishinginthesea.Ontheeighty-fifthday,theoldfishermancaughtanunprecedentedbigmarlin.Thoughtheoldfishermanencounteredwithdifficultiesintheprocessoffishing,buthedidnotgiveup.Thisisnotbecausethebigmarlinwasthefirstfishhecaughtfornearlythreemonths,orheneversawsuchabigfish.Moreimportant,itisbecausetheoldfisherman’spersonalityisashardasiron.Theoldfisherman’swillisfirm,andhedidnotrelaxtheropeevenwhenhehadarest.Finallythebigmarlinwaskilledbytheoldfishermanandlashedalongsideoftheboat.Butwhiletheoldfishermansailedbacktoshore,hewasattackedbythesharks.Afterheroicfighting,hecamebackshorewiththegiantskeletonofthebigmarlinintheend.Sometimetheoldfishermaneventhoughthimselfwasdefeated.Buthedidnotcompromiseinthelongfightingwithdifferentfish,thispointcanbereflectedinhisdream.Thenovelsaysthatwhenpeopletalkedabouthisexperienceandvisitedthehugefishskeleton,theoldfishermanfellasleep,dreamingofthelion.Inthisnovel,thelionisnotonlythekingofbeasts,butalsotheoldfisherman’sspiritualballast.Fromtheoldfisherman’sdreamingoflion,hedidnotgiveupandhestillhadperseveranceandcourageintheseaforfishing.Hecanovercomemorechallenge.Thereaderevencanimaginethattheoldfishermanwillgotoseaagainaftertherest,andhewillcontinuetofightforlifeuntilhedies.Hemaydieduetosicknessorpoverty,orneverreturnfromthesea,buthewillnevergiveupandcompromise.ⅢOptimisminFemaleCharacterinTheOldManandtheSeaTheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthegreatestworkoftheHemingway,itisconsideredastheanthemofhumanspirit.Inthisnovel,HemingwaywantstotellreadershisphilosophyoflifebythecreationofSantiagothisimage.ThroughthedescriptionofSantiago’sheroicbehaviorandthepainheenduresintheprocessoffightingwithdifferentkindsoffishes,Hemingwaytellsreaderswhathereallywantstoexpressclearlyandcompletely.Therearesomanydifficultiesandchallengeswhichareinevitableinourlife.Lifeisnotplainsailingandeveryonewillgothroughpeaksandtroughs.Themomentoffailureispainfulanddepressing.Therealheroshouldfacehardshipsandmisfortuneinlifewithdignity,bravenessandperseverance.Onlyinthiswaycantheysurviveinthebrutalandcruelrealsociety.Therealmanshouldbebrave,confidentandoptimisticwhenconfrontingwithdisasterandmiserablefate.Meanwhile,therealheroshouldbefullofhopeforlife.Thehumanbeingsshouldpossessthesegoodfeatures.Santiagohasalltheabove-mentionedgoodfeatures,andheisagoodinterpretationofallcodeheroesHemingwayhascreated.Therealcodeherohashisownattitudetowardsloss,painandevendeath.Death,inachainofthelifejourney,cannotbeavoidedforhumanbeings,andthefateisdoomedtolose.Therealmanshouldfacethisdirectlyandbravelyandcherishthelifethattheyhave.Hedoesnotcareabouttoomuchtheresults.Santiagocertainlydoesreflectthese.Hisphysicallimitsandoldageshowthestrongerwillandnoblerdignity.WhyisSantiagotherepresentativeofthecodeherocreatedbyHemingway?AndwhataredifferencesbetweenSantiagoandtheotherheroesHemingwayhascreated?BecauseSantiagoisveryoldbuthehasgreateremotionaldepth,richerinnerworld.Heissympatheticandwarm,soheismorallysuperior.Eventhoughheisinbadluck,eighty-fourdayswithoutcatchingfish,hestillgoestoseaforfishingactivelyeveryday.SoSantiagoisanoptimisticperson.ThispartfocusesontheoptimisticpersonalityofSantiagointhenovelTheOldManandtheSea.3.1ConfidenceandBravenessInHemingway’snovels,thefigurescreatedbyhimarealwaysbrave,confidentandendurable.Santiagoisnoexception.Theyhavethesimilarity:thefatealwaysbringstoomuchtorturetothem.Thereisnoquestionthatthetortureisachallengetothem,allofthemcanbearallkindsofsufferingsandendurethemsilentlywithoutcomplainingatall.Theyarenotafraidtofacehardships.InHemingway’sviews,thewholeworldisjustlikeringside,andeveryoneisinthisfield.Theonlywaytosurviveistofightback.So,heisreadytopickuptheboxingglovestowearforfighting.Ofcourse,hewillsticktothelastdayoflife.Onthatday,hehastofightwithhimself,andheaimstoacceptdeathasabeautifulthing.ThiskindofviolencerevengingviolenceattitudebecomesasortofbravenessandconfidenceontheSantiago.Theoldfishermannolongerneedstoprovehimselfthroughstruggle.Inhiseyes,thereisthegeneralmeaningofwinningandlosingsothathecanhavemoodtosailagainafterexperiencingsufferings.Themeaningoflifeseemstohavebeensublimatedinhim.Deathisnotterrible,andfailureisnotterrible,too.Thequestionishowtofacewithitdirectlyandbravely.ThestorybeginswithSantiago’sroughandunfortunatesituation.Hedidn’tcatchafishforeighty-fourdays,what’smore,manyoffishermenlaughedathimbecauseofhisbadluck.But,hewasnotangryatall.Failureandbadluckispermanentforthemajorityofpeople.However,thetemporaryfailuremeansnothingforSantiago.Hestillbelievesthattomorrowisaluckyday,sohecancatchahugefishbyhisrichexperienceandexquisiteskill.Facingmiserablefate,theoldfishermanrefusestobedisappointed,instead,andheisfullofconfidenceandpassiontowardsfuture.Hehasconfidenceduetohispowerfulandrichexperience,whichhasbeenintegratedintohispersonality.Thisconfidencehasbeenthoroughlytemperedcountlesstimesinthecatchingbigfishexperienceofhislife,whichbecameahabit.And,thephysicalcourageconstitutesthematerialbasisforhisindifferentattitudetodangeranddifficulty.Hisconfidenceandbravenessistobefullydisplayedwhenhegoestoseaforcatchingmarlinandfightingagainstsharks.Ontheeighty-fifthday,abigmarlinappeared.Thebigmarlinswaminthewaterfortwodaysandnightsandtriedmanywaystogetridoftheoldfisherman.Buthedidnotmakeaconcession,andhebelievedthathewasabletoconquerthebigmarlin.Becauseoftheoldfisherman’sconfidenceandbraveness,abigmarlinhasbeencaughtbyhim.Whiletheoldfishermancamebacktohome,moredangerousandterriblethinghappened.Thesharkscametoattackthebigmarlin.Facingthepowerfulopponent,theweakoldfishermanbravelyfoughtwiththesharkswithouthesitancy.Byanalyzingthestrugglebetweentheoldfishermananddifferentfish,therealmanshouldbeencouragedinthefaceofchallenges.3.2LoveofNatureHumanbeingisapartofthenature.TheloveofnatureisreflectedinthenovelTheOldManandtheSea.Theseaandalltheseacreaturesaredescribedasthebeautifulandvividthings.AlthoughSantiagofightswithnatureforlife,buthestilllovesnature.TheoldfishermanwasdreamingofAfricawithwonderfulbeaches,highcapes,mountainsandlions.Theharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheoldfishermanandnatureisportrayedcompletely.Unlikeotherfishermen,theseahasthespecialmeaningfortheoldfisherman.Theseaisnotonlytheplacewherehecangainbreadforlife,buthealsolooksattheseawithloveandrespect.Onceonthesea,Heshowedloveandrespecttowardstheseaandallcreaturesinthesea.Whentheoldfishermanwastalkingwiththesea,healwaysusedtheword“her”.Thedialoguebetweentheoldfishermanandthelittlebirdalsoreflectshisotherattitude.Helovednature.Theseaisliketheoldfisherman’shome,asafisherman,theseaisanindispensablepartofhislife.Theseaprovidesnecessitiesforhisliving.Theoldfishermanhastogototheseaforcatchingfish,buthehasotherdeepemotiontowardstheothercreaturesinthesea.Heregardsallthecreaturesashisfriends.Heappreciatesthebeauty,dignityofthenature,andcherishesthelife.Whenthelittlebirdlandedunexpectedlytorestontheoldfisherman’sboat,hetreatedthelittlebirdwithfullofloveandkindness.Withhisconsiderationsforthelittlebird,hethoughtthatthelittlebirdhadthesamedifficultsituation,andtheyhadthesamefate.Theoldfishermantreatedthelittlebirdashisfriend.Becauseofhislovetowardsnature,hefeltthatthebigmarlinwasbeautifulandpowerfulinthefightwithit.Hecalledthebigmarlinbrother,hedidnotcarewhokilledwho.Inhiseyes,everythingisbeautifulandvaluable.Thoughinordertoprotecthismarlin,hehadtofightwiththesharks,butheconsideredthesharksashisfriendsandadmiredbeautyandpower.Throughthedescriptionofhisloveofnature,allcreatures,includingthehumanbeings,havethesamefate.Allcreaturescannotviolatetheorderestablishedbythecreatoroftheworld.Thehumanbeingsandnatureshouldhavetheharmoniousrelationship.3.3HopefortheLifeThemaintoneofthisnovelissad.Santiagoisanunluckyguyinlife.But,heispowerfulandstronginspirit.Thoughhedidnotcatchanyfishforeighty-fourdays.Hestillchosetogofaroutinthesea,thenthegoodthingshappenedontheoldfisherman,andhemetthelargestfishthathehadneverseenbefore.Butlifeisalwaysfullofupsanddowns.Itisveryhardtocatchthebigmarlinfortheoldfishermanbecausethebigmarlinisstrongerthantheoldfisherman.Theoldfishermanisagedandweak.Aftertheheroicefforts,theoldfishermanconqueredthebigmarlinatlast.Whiletheexhaustedoldfishermansailedbackhomewithhisvictory,theworsethinghappened.Thebigmarlinwasattackedbythesharks.Theoldfishermanonlytookthegiantskeletontohome.Evenifhefoughtbravely,hestilllostwhathecaught.Hegotnothingbutthepain.Whatasadstory!However,attheendofthestorytheoldfishermanwasfullofhopeinhisdeepheart.Heandthelittleboyplannedanothersailforthenexttripandmadeenoughpreparationsinordertocatchthebigfish.Theoldfishermandreamedofthelions.Thatrepresentshisgraceunderthegreatpressureandthedesiretofight.Itcompletelypresentshishopetowardslife.Thetruefailureisthatwillislostandheartisdestroyed.Eighty–fourdaysofnotcatchingafishdoesnotmattertotheoldfisherman.Hecontinuestosailontheeighty-fifthdays.Hisexpectationandconfidencehasneverdisappeared.Theoldfishermanisarealcodehero.Hededicatedhimselftohisfishingcareer.Heachievesthegoaloflifeindignity.Hetriesallhisbesttopursuethethingsthathereallyloves.Thoughheknowsclearlyheisaged,andheisnotasstrongasheusedtobe.Healsoknowswhathisadvantagesareandthatcanhelphimcatchthebigfish.Hishopeforlifeisstrong.Facingtheterriblesituation,hedoesnotbeafraidandnotyieldtomiserablefate.Thatcanshowtheoldfisherman’soptimismaboutlifeandfuture.Inaw