2022-2023学年福建省厦门市高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

2022-2023学年福建省厦门市高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共37.5分)

A

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

JoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformakingwineathomeusingelderflowersand

elderberries.

Elderflower:∙.Elderberry

Items

WineRecipe(tW)需0IWlneRecipe

Elderflowers(atleastone

Elderberries(atleast2

quart)；

gallons)；

•1gallonofboilingwaterper

•1gallonofboilingwaterper

quartofflowers；

2gallonsofberries；

•2to2-1/2poundsofsugar

Ingredients•3-1/2to4poundsofsugar

pergallonofliquid；

pergallonofboiled-down

•2lemonspergallon,juiced；

liquid；

•1packetofdrywineyeast

•1packetofdrywineyeast

(酵母)per5gallonsof

per5gallonsofliquid.

liquid.

•Cutaquartofflowersfrom

thestems；•Picknicefatberriesabout

•Pouragallonofboilingtwodaysahead,removethem

waterovertheflowers；fromthestemsandsmashup

•Lettheteasoakthreeorfourthefruit；

dayswiththeflowerspressed•Pourboilingwateroverthe

downundertheliquid(theymixture,soakingforabouta

turnbrownandruinthecolorweek；

ofthedrinkifthey,releftin•Keepthecontainercovered

Instructions

theair)；withatoweltoprotectthe

•Strainoffthefluidandheatworking,'must,,fromdustand

someofittodissolve2totheoddyeastfloatingaround

2-1/2poundsofsugarperintheair：

gallon；•Strainoffandsavethejuice

•Addthejuiceof2lemonsandmix3-1/2to4poundsof

pergallonalongwithyeast；sugarintoeachgallonofthe

•Letthemixtureworkinaliquid.

containerwithanairlock.

1.WhatisadifferentingredientwhenWearemakingElderflowerWineandElderberryWine?

A.Water.B.Lemon.C.Sugar.D.Yeast.

2.WhatisimportanttothenicecoloroftheElderflowerWine?

A.Cuttingflowersfromthestems.

B.Pouringboilingwateroverflowers.

C.Pressingflowersdownundertheliquid.

D.Addinganamountofsugartotheliquid.

3.Whatisthetext?

A.Arecipe.B.Asciencereport.

C.Awinelist.D.Aflowerad.

RobertSansone,thewinnerofthe2022GeorgeD.YancopoulosInnovatorAward,isanaturalborn

engineer.Fromrobotichandstohigh-speedrunningboots,Sansonehasworkedonatleastsixty

engineeringprojectstodateinhissparetime.Andhe,sonly17yearsold.

Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectric

cars.ltexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earthelements,whicharecostly,bothfinancially

andenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterialsinquestioncancostuptoseveralhundred

dollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor（发

动机）.Hisnewmotor,ontheotherhand,usescopper,whichcostsarounds8for1kg.

Thehighschoolerhadheardofatypeofelectricmotor------theSynchronousReluctanceMotor（SRM同

步磁阻电动机）----thatdoesn'tusetheserare-earthmaterials.Thiskindofmotoriscurrentlyusedfor

pumpsandfans,butitisn,tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestarted

brainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.

ForoverayearSansoneworkedonthemotor.ltneededtobemoreefficientandhavemorerotational（旋

转）force.Thenewmotorwasmadefrom3-Dprintedplastic,copperwiresandasteelrotorandtested

usingavarietyofmeterstomeasurepower.Sansoneisnowworkingonversion16ofhismotor,whichhe

planstobuildoutofstrongermaterialssohecantestitathigherrevolutionsperminute.

Asarisingsenior,SansonehasdreamedofattendingMassachusettsInstituteOfTechnology（MIT）.His

winningsfromcompetitionswillgotowardcollegetuition.Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhigh

speedandefficiency,hesayshe,llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatoneday

hismotorwillbethedesignofchoiceforelectricvehicles.

4.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingparagraph2?

A.Toexplaintheuseofelectriccarengines.

B.Tostressthecostoftherare-earthmaterials.

C.Tointroduceavideoofpreviouselectriccars.

D.ToshowSansone,sinspirationforhisnewmotor.

5.WhichaspectdoesSansonemainlywanttoimproveinSRM?

A.Itscost.B.Itssize.C.Itspower.D.Itsweight.

6.WhatcanweIeamfromthelastparagraph?

A.HeisstudyingintheMIT.B.Heaimshighforhismotor.

C.Hehasstartedamotorcompany.D.Hewillenteranewcompetition.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRobertSansone?

A.Giftedanddetermined.B.Caringandoutgoing.

C.Humorousandenergetic.D.Generousandhard-working.

C

HistoriansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestorssoWecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoid

theirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.ltisawasteoftimetostudyHannibaVs

strategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThirdWorldWar.Whatworkedwellin

cavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studyinghistoryaimstoloosen（松开）the

holdofthepast.

Ayoungcouplebuildinganewhomemayaskthearchitectforanicelawn（草坪）inthefrontyard.Why

alawn?nBecauselawnsarebeautiful,"thecouplemightexplain.Butwhydotheythinkso?

Theideaofgrowingalawnattheentrancetoprivatehousesandpublicbuildingswasborninthecastlesof

FrenchandEnglisharistocratsinthelateMiddleAges.Well-keptlawnsdemandedlandandalotof

work.Inexchange,theyproducednothingofvalue.Theneatgrassattheentrancetocastleswasasocial

positionsymbolnobodycouldpretendtohave.Laterthenewparliaments（议会）,supremecourts,

presidentialresidencesincreasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humans

cametoidentifylawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.

Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwiceabouthavingalawninthefront

yard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.ButyouarealsofreetoshakeofftheCUltUndCargOgiventoyouby

theUpperclass.Thisisthebestreasontolearnhistory：notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourself

ofthepastandimaginedifferentlives.Ofcoursethisisnottotalfreedom------wecannotavoidbeing

shapedbythepast.Butsomefreedomisbetterthannone.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionHannibalandcavalrybattlesinparagraph1?

A.Toillustratewhyfuturecyberwarisdifficult.

B.Tohighlighthowimportanthistoricalwarfareis.

C.Toshowthatpastexperiencemaynotsuitthepresent.

D.Toexplainwhatstrategieshistoricalfiguresdeveloped.

9.Whatdoestheauthorbelieveistherealreasonforgrowingalawn?

A.Itsconnectionwithpowerandwealth.

B.Itshighmaintenancerequirements.

C.ItsoriginfromEuropeancastles.

D.Itsoutstandingnaturalbeauty.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsπculturalcargoπinthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Culturalmistakes.B.Culturalstandards.

C.Historicalbuildings.D.Historicalknowledge.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,studyinghistoryisto.

A.guesseventsinthefutureB.repeatwisedecisions

C.understandculturalchangesD.reducethecontrolfromthepast

D

Thefirsthibernation（冬Il民）studieswithhumansubjectscouldbeworkablewithinadecade,aEuropean

SpaceAgency（ESA）researcherthinks.Suchexperimentswouldmakeitpossiblefora

science-fiction-likeapproachtolong-timespacemissionsthatwouldseeastronautsplacedintoprotective

sleepforweeksormonthsontheirwaytofarawaydestinations.

Experimentshaveshownthatit'spossibletocausehibernationinotherwisenon-hibernatinganimals,such

asrats,andbringthemsafelybacktolifeafewdayslater.nTheratsreceiveadrug,aneurotransmitter

substance（神经递质），andarebroughtintoadarkspacewithreducedtemperature,',Jurgen

Bereiter-Hahn,amemberofESA,shibernationresearchgroupsaid.nItworksverynicely,buttheproblem

isthatyouhavetoapplythedrugrepeatedlytomaintainthestate,whichcouldhavedamagingeffectsover

thelongerterm.'1

Thehibernatingastronautwouldnotonlysavetheagencycostforwater,foodandoxygen.Astronauts

would,mostlikely,wakeupratherfit,withoutsufferingmanyofthenegativesideeffectsoflong-term

bedrestorlivinginmicrogravity.Infact,studiesshowthatthesloweddowncellsofahibernatingbody

don,tgetdamagedbyradiation（辐射）.Besides,researchinanimalssuggeststhatbodiesOfhibernating

astronautsmightlosemuchlessboneandmusclemassthanthebodiesofthoseawakein

microgravity.Uponarrival,thesehibematorswouldthusbefitandreadytostartchallengingexploration

almoststraightawayafterregainingawareness.

Theseprotectivequalitiesmakehibernationapossibilitynotjustforspaceflight,butalsoformedicine.Just

likeastronautsinmicrogravity,patientsinlong-termbedrestwasteawayquickly.Slowinglifeprocesses

toaminimumwouldprovidewhatscientistscalla"bridge",aperiodoftimethatwouldallowphysicians

tolookforsolutionswithoutracingagainsttheclock.Althoughmostcurrenthibernationresearchisfunded

byspaceagencies,scientiststhinkthatthefirsthumantobeputintothisstateOfhibernationwillmost

likelybeanICUpatient.Oncethefirsthumansurvivesandbenefitsfromhibernation,thingswilllikely

startmovingforwardmuchfaster.

12.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdothehibernationstudiesmainlyaimtodo?

A.Improvesleepqualityinspace.

B.Investigatehibernationmystery.

C.Promotemannedspaceexploration.

D.Enrichsciencefictionwritingmethods.

13.Whatisachallengeinthehibernationexperiments?

A.Ensuringproperlighting.

B.Bringinganimalsbacktolife.

C.Maintaininglowtemperature.

D.Controllingpossiblesideeffects.

14.Whatadvantagemighthibemationbringtoastronauts?

A.Itmighthelptokeepphysicalfitness.

B.Itmightincreaselong-termbedrest.

C.Itmightdecreaseradiationcontact.

D.Itmightraisementalawareness.

15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theroleofphysiciansinmonitoringhibernatingpatients.

B.Thepossibleapplicationofhibernationbeyondspaceflight.

C.Theimportanceforincreasingfundsforhibernationresearch.

D.Theneedofhumanexperimentsinadvancinghibernationstudies.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Wewelcomedadaughterintotheworldyesterday.Oneday,when.sheneedsfinancialadvice,here'swhat

I,lltellher.

Itiseasytoassumethatwealthandpoverty(贫困)arecausedbythechoicesWemake，butchanceplays

abiggerrolethanmostpeoplewanttoadmit.(1)Butrealizenotallsuccessisduetohardwork,

andnotallpovertyisduetolaziness.Keepthisinmindwhenjudgingpeople,includingyourself.

Everythinghasaprice.Thepriceofabusyjobistimeawayfromfriendsandfamily.Thepriceofspoiling

(宠溺)kidsistheirshelteredlife.Mostofthosepricesarehidden.(2)Acceptingthis,you,ll

viewthingsliketimeandrelationshipsasvaluableascash.

Ibelievethehighestbenefitofmoneyistheabilitytocontrolyourtime.Beingabletodowhatyouwant,

whenyouwant,whereyouwant,withwhomyouwant,foraslongasyouwant,providesalasting

happinessgreaterthananyfancythingscanoffer.(3)Havingenoughsavingstogiveyoutime

andoptionsnevergetsold.

(4)Youhavemorecontroloveritthanyourincome.Thepersonwhomakes$50,000butonly

needs$40,000tobehappyisricherthanthepersonwhomakes$150,000butneeds$151,000tobe

happy.

AsNapoleondefined,amilitarytalentistheperson',whocandotheaveragethingwheneveryoneelseis

losinghismind".(5)Youdon'tneedtodoamazingthingstoendupOK.Avoidingterrible

mistakesismorepowerfulthananyfancyfinancetips.

A.We,renotgoingtospoilyou.

B.Managingmoneyisthesame.

C.Iwantyoutobelieveinthevaluesofhardwork.

D.Learninghowtolivewithlessisveryimportant.

E.Youjusthavetonotmessupforlongperiodsoftime.

F.Theexcitementofhavingfancythingswearsoffquickly.

G.They,reoftenworthpaying,butneverignorethattheyaretruecosts.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Icomefromalonglineoffarmers.WhenmyparentsmovedtoWisconsin，farmingallowedthemto(1)

backtoLaos,totheculture,andtheland.Wisconsin,scornfields(2)thericefieldsof

Laos.Butformeasachild,farmingwasjusta(3).1wouldbeassigned(分酉己)arowofgreen

beans.Mymom(4)meabigbasketanditwasmy(5)tofillit.ThatwashowIspent

mysummervacation(6)myfriendswereeitheratcampordoingotherfunactivities.

Ididn't(7)howfarmingbroughthopetomyparentsuntilIwasanadult.Iama(8)

removedfromLaosandIhavefoundthatfarmingallowsmeto(9)myparents*story.ltallows

metoseealittlebitintotheirstory.WhatI've(10)frommymomisthatyoucangrowjustabout

anything.Mymomwantstostartgrowing(11)likeshedidbackinLaos.Withasnowyclimate,

itissomethingIneverthought(12)here.Tome,thisshowsresilience(适应力).Maybeit

(13)andmaybeitdoesn,t.Butthereis(14)inthat.

Asakid,IhateddoingfarmworkandIneverthoughtthatsomedayIwouldsaythatIkindof(15)

puttingmyfeetinthemudandweeding(除草)thecorn.

21.A.connectB.headC.retireD.report

22.A.changedB.coveredC.replacedD.affected

23.A.dreamB.gameC.choreD.mystery

24.A.soldB.gaveC.sentD.lent

25.A.intentionB.opportunityC.choiceD.job

26.A.whileB.ifC.sinceD.until

27.A.regretB.monitorC.appreciateD.complain

28.A.generationB.graduateC.professionalD.beginner

29.A.give'awayB.makeupC.actoutD.relateto

30.A.expectedB.learnedC.chosenD.demanded

31.A.cornB.riceC.beansD.flowers

32.A.flexibleB.necessaryC.legalD.possible

33.A.improvesB.revivesC.worksD.exists

34.A.confusionB.permissionC.balanceD.hope

35.A.missB.riskC.delayD.escape

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

36.阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

IexperiencedChina,sNaadamFestivalinInnerMongoliaforthefirsttime.Thefestivalfeatureshorse

racing,wrestling,andarchery.IsawalotofpeoplewearingsplendidMongolianrobes(1)

learnedabouttheirancestralIraditionJntheuniquewrestlingcompetition,I(2)(move)

bytheshowofstrengthandgrace.CelebratingNaadamwas(3)(absolute)worthwhile,

andIeagerlyhopetoexperiencemoreoftheircultureina(4)(tradition)Mongolian

tentandenjoyhotpotinwinter.

B

Filmscoresplayanimportantroleinshapingtheemotionalimpactofamovie(5)its

viewers.Theysignalhowtofeelaboutwhatishappeningonscreenandarealways(6)form

ofclassicalmusic.JohnWilliams1scoresforJawsandStarWarsareexamplesillustratinghowagood

scorecanimprovethemovieexperience.HansZimmer'sandTanDun,sscoresshowdifferentstyles

andideasforfilmscores.WhileZimmer,sandWilliams*scoresaremoreconventional(传统的),

TanDun,sclassicalmusicbackgroundallowshisscorestostandaloneasworksofartwithout

needingafilm(7)(support)them.

C

Theterm"carbootsale"referstothesellingofitemsfromacar'strunk(后备箱).Mostofthegoods

onsaleareusedpersonalitemswithonlyafewofprofessionaltraders(8)(sell)

goods.However,inagrowingtrend(趋势),all-yearhard-standingoutdoorbootsales,arenow

appearingeverywhere,especiallyinChina,(9)(know)asthetrunkfairs.ltisvery

welcomingtothose(10)wanttoruntheirownbusinessatalowcost.Itemsforsaleare

extremelyvaried,includingsnacksandsoftdrinks.TheyouthinChinaareexploringanewlifestyle

throughthetrunkfairs.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共30.0分)

37.你校英文报正在举办主题为"戏剧人物评析”的征文活动。请你从《百万英镑》中挑选一

个人物，写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：

(1)人物介绍；

(2)你的评析。

注意：

(1)参考人物:HenryAdams,thebrothers(RoderickandOliver),theclerksortheownerin

thetailor,sshop...；

(2)写作词数应为80左右：

(3)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Everyculturehasaspecificwayofeating.NorthAmericansandEuropeansuseforks,knivesand

spoons.InAsia,chopsticksarethetopchoice.

Youmightthinkit'seasytousechopsticks,butactuallyit'snotassimpleasitfirstappears.!learned

thislessonacoupleofyearsago.

IhadappliedforajobwithaChinese-CanadiancompanyinVancouver.Mynewbossinvitedmeout

tolunchtocelebratemynewjob.HesaidweweregoingtoeatinaChineserestaurantinChinatown.1

wasnervous.IknewWewouldbeusingchopsticks,andwhileIhadtriedmanytimestomasterthe

technique（技巧），Ihadfailedineveryattempt.HowwouldIbeabletomakeagoodimpression?

Wouldtheylaughatme?WouldImakeacompletefoolofmyself?

Iwenthomethateveningandcookedsomericeandchicken.Iputthefoodonmyplate,andIspent

thenexthourattemptingtolearnhowtousechopsticks.TryasImight,Icouldnotholdthefoodwith

mychopsticks.Ididn'tgetmuchsleepthatevening.Itossedandturned（辗转反侧）inbed,worrying

aboutthecominglunch.

Thenextday,Icouldhardlycontainmyanxietyandheadedtotherestaurant.Wewereseatedatan

excellenttable.Mybosswroteoutthefoodorder,speakingtothewaiterinMandarin.Myheartwas

beatingwildly,butthenInoticedastrangething.Insteadofthecustomarychopsticks,eachofushad

knives,forksandspoons.

Iwasconfusedatfirst,butthen,ithitme.Mybossknewthatɪwouldhavetroublewiththe

chopsticks.Hewantedtosavemefromembarrassment,sohehadcalledaheadandarrangedforusto

beservedwithknivesandforks.Icouldn'tbelievehowthoughtfulhewas.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为IOO左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Immediately,Imadeupmymindtotakethisopportunitytolearnhowtousechopsticks.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、c、A

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据表格IngredientS栏目中ElderflowerWine的成分为1gallonofboiling

waterperquartofflowers；2to2-1/2poundsofsugarpergallonofliquid；2lemonspergallon,juiced；

1packetofdrywineyeast（酵母）per5gallonsofliquid.（每夸脱花加1加仑沸水；每加仑液体含

2到2.5磅糖；每加仑2个柠檬，榨汁；每5加仑液体1包干葡萄酒酵母。）ElderberryWine的成

分为1gallonofboilingwaterper2gallonsofberries；3-1/2to4poundsofsugarpergallonof

boiled-downliquid；1PaCketOfdryWineyeaStPer5gallonsofliquid.（每2力口仑浆果需要1加仑沸水；

每加仑煮沸的液体加3-1/2到4磅糖；每5加仑液体1包干葡萄酒酵母。）可知，做ElderflowerWine

和ElderberryWine不同的成分为柠檬。故选Bo

（2）细节理解题。根据表格中ElderflowerWine的说明Lettheteasoakthreeorfourdayswiththe

flowerspresseddownundertheliquid（theyturnbrownandruinthecolorofthedrinkifthey,releftinthe

air）（让茶叶浸泡三到四天，花被压在液体下面（如果它们留在空气中，它们会变成棕色，破坏

饮料的颜色））可知，花被挤压在液体下面可以使得接骨木花酒的颜色鲜艳。故选C。

（3）文章体裁题。根据文章第一段JoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformaking

wineathomeusingelderflowersandelderberries.（和SandraOddo——起分享用接骨木花和接骨木果

在家里酿酒的技巧。）可知，本文主要是介绍怎么酿酒的，所以本文为食谱类文章。A.Arecipe

一篇食谱；B.Asciencereport一份科学杂志；C.Awinelist一份酒单；D.Aflowerad一则鲜花广告。

故选Ao

本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了Sandraodd。用接骨木花和接骨木果在家里酿酒的技巧。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得

出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】D、C、B、A

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoaboutthe

advantagesanddisadvantagesofelectriccars.ltexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earth

elements,whicharecostly,bothfinanciallyandenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterials

inquestioncancostuptoseveralhundreddollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,

sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor（发动机）.（几年前，SanSone偶然发现了一段关于电动

汽车优点和缺点的视频。它解释说，大多数电动汽车发动机都使用稀土元素，这在经济和环境方

面都很昂贵。事实上，1公斤相关的稀土材料的价格可能高达数百美元。对于可持续性问题，他

想解决它，所以他尝试并设计了一种不同的电机）可知，作者写第二段的目的是展示SanSOne的

新发动机的灵感。故选D项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段ThiSkindOfmotoriSCUrrentlyUSedfOrPUmPSandfans,butitisn't

powerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshe

CoUldimPrOVeitSPerformanCe.（这种电机目前用于泵和风扇，但它本身不够强大，无法用于电动汽

车。因此，SanSone开始集思广益，想办法提高它的性能。）可知，在SRM中，SanSOne主要想

要改进的是动力。故选C项。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,he

sayshe'llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethe

designofchoiceforelectricvehicles.（他说，如果他的发动机继续保持高速和高效率，他将继续与

汽车公司合作。他希望有一天他的马达能成为电动汽车的首选设计。）可知，他对他的马达寄予

厚望。故选B项。

（4）推理判断题。根据第一段isanaturalbornengineer.（一位天生的工程师），根据第三段ThiS

kindofmotoriscurrentlyusedforpumpsandfans,butitisn'tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinan

electricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.（这种电机

目前用于泵和风扇，但它本身不够强大，无法用于电动汽车。因此，SanSOne开始集思广益，想办

法提高它的性能），根据最后一段Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,

hesayshe'llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethe

designofchoiceforelectricvehicles.（他说，如果他的发动机继续保持高速和高效率，他将继续与

汽车公司合作。他希望有一天他的马达能成为电动汽车的首选设计。）由此判断出，SanSone有天

赋、有决心。故选A项。

这篇短文主要介绍了2022年乔治∙D∙扬科普洛斯创新奖的获得者罗伯特•桑索恩是一位天生的工

程师。他在业余时间参与了至少60个工程项目，从机器人手到高速跑鞋。几年前，桑索恩看到了

一段关于电动汽车优缺点的视频。视频解释了大多数电动汽车发动机使用的稀土元素的优缺点，

这些元素在经济和环境上都很昂贵。实际上，这些稀土材料的1公斤成本可能高达几百美元。面

对这个可持续性问题，他想要解决它，于是尝试设计了一种不同的电机。与此相反，他的新电机

使用的是铜，每公斤成本约为8美元。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8~11.【答案】CsAsBxD

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Historiansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestors

soWecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoidtheirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.lt

isawasteoftimetostudyHannibaFsstrategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThird

WorldWar.Whatworkedwellincavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studying

historyaimstoloosen（松开）theholdofthepast.（历史学家经常被要求研究我们祖先的行为，这

样我们就可以重复他们的智慧，避免他们的错误。但是现在和过去太不一样了。研究汉尼拔在第

二次布匿战争中的战略，以便在第三次世界大战中照搬是浪费时间的。在骑兵战中行之有效的方

法在网络战中不一定有用。研究历史的目的是为了摆脱过去的束缚。）可知，作者在第一段提到

了汉尼拔和骑兵的战斗是为了表明过去的经验可能不适用于现在。故选C项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段LaterIheneWPaHiamentS（议会），supremecourts,presidential

residencesincreasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humanscametoidentify

lawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.（后来，新的议会、最高法院、总统

官邸越来越多地在一排排整齐的绿草地上展示他们的权力。人类开始将草坪与政治权力、社会地

位和经济财富联系起来。）可知，作者认为种植草坪的真正原因是它与权力和财富的联系。故选

A项。

（3）词句猜测题。根据最后一段Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwice

abouthavingalawninthefrontyard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.（当你现在开始规划你梦想中

的房子时，你可能会考虑在前院建草坪。当然，你仍然可以自由地这样做。）以及ThiSiSthebeSt

reasontolearnhistory：notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourselfofthepastandimagine

Ciifferenllives.（这是学习历史最好的理由：不是为了猜测未来，而是为了把自己从过去中解放出

来,想象不同的生活。）可知,但你也可以自由地摆脱上层阶级给你的文化标准。故