老年主观幸福感及其差异的影响因素分析

老年主观幸福感及其差异的影响因素分析一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着社会的快速发展和人口老龄化趋势的加剧，老年群体的主观幸福感问题日益受到社会各界的关注。主观幸福感是个体根据自身设定的标准，对其生活质量所作的整体评价，它反映了老年人对自身生活质量的满意程度和对未来的积极期望。然而，由于老年人面临健康、经济、社会支持等多方面的挑战，其主观幸福感可能受到各种因素的影响。因此，深入探讨老年主观幸福感及其差异影响因素，对于提高老年人的生活质量和构建和谐社会具有重要意义。Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandtheincreasingtrendofagingpopulation,thesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlypopulationisincreasinglyreceivingattentionfromallsectorsofsociety.Subjectivewell-beingistheoverallevaluationofanindividual'squalityoflifebasedontheirownsetstandards.Itreflectsthesatisfactionoftheelderlywiththeirownqualityoflifeandtheirpositiveexpectationsforthefuture.However,duetothechallengesfacedbyelderlypeopleinvariousaspectssuchashealth,economy,andsocialsupport,theirsubjectivewell-beingmaybeinfluencedbyvariousfactors.Therefore,in-depthexplorationofthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyanditsinfluencingfactorsisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingthequalityoflifeoftheelderlyandbuildingaharmonioussociety.本文旨在全面分析老年主观幸福感的内涵及其影响因素，通过文献回顾和实证分析，揭示老年主观幸福感的差异及其背后的原因。文章首先界定了老年主观幸福感的定义和衡量标准，然后从社会、经济、心理等多个维度出发，系统梳理了影响老年主观幸福感的因素。在此基础上，通过收集数据并进行统计分析，探讨了各因素对老年主观幸福感的具体影响程度及作用机制。文章提出了提升老年主观幸福感的策略和建议，以期为促进老年人的身心健康和社会和谐发展提供有益参考。Thisarticleaimstocomprehensivelyanalyzetheconnotationandinfluencingfactorsofsubjectivewell-beingintheelderly,andthroughliteraturereviewandempiricalanalysis,revealthedifferencesandunderlyingreasonsofsubjectivewell-beingintheelderly.Thearticlefirstdefinesandmeasuresthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,andthensystematicallysortsoutthefactorsthataffectthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyfrommultipledimensionssuchassociety,economy,andpsychology.Onthisbasis,bycollectingdataandconductingstatisticalanalysis,thespecificimpactandmechanismofeachfactoronthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlywereexplored.Thearticleproposesstrategiesandsuggestionstoenhancethesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforpromotingtheirphysicalandmentalhealthandsocialharmony.二、文献综述Literaturereview老年主观幸福感是一个复杂且多维度的概念，涵盖了老年人的情感、认知和满意度等方面。在学术界，这一议题已引起广泛关注，并产生了丰富的研究成果。本文将从老年主观幸福感的定义、测量、影响因素及其差异等方面，对相关文献进行综述。Subjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyisacomplexandmultidimensionalconceptthatencompassesaspectssuchasemotions,cognition,andsatisfactionoftheelderly.Intheacademiccommunity,thistopichasattractedwidespreadattentionandproducedrichresearchresults.Thisarticlewillreviewrelevantliteratureonthedefinition,measurement,influencingfactors,anddifferencesofsubjectivewell-beingintheelderly.关于老年主观幸福感的定义，学者们普遍认为它是指老年人在生活中所感受到的积极情感和满意度。这种感受不仅来源于老年人的物质生活，更与其社会关系、健康状况、心理状态等因素密切相关。Scholarsgenerallybelievethatthedefinitionofsubjectivewell-beingintheelderlyreferstothepositiveemotionsandsatisfactionexperiencedbytheelderlyintheirdailylives.Thisfeelingisnotonlyrelatedtothemateriallifeoftheelderly,butalsocloselyrelatedtotheirsocialrelationships,healthstatus,psychologicalstate,andotherfactors.在测量方面，学者们已经开发出多种量表来评估老年人的主观幸福感。这些量表通常包括生活满意度、积极情感和消极情感等多个维度，以便全面反映老年人的主观感受。Intermsofmeasurement,scholarshavedevelopedvariousscalestoevaluatethesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Thesescalestypicallyincludemultipledimensionssuchaslifesatisfaction,positiveemotions,andnegativeemotions,inordertocomprehensivelyreflectthesubjectivefeelingsoftheelderly.在影响因素方面，已有研究表明，老年人的主观幸福感受到多种因素的影响。其中，个人因素如年龄、性别、健康状况、经济状况等，社会因素如家庭关系、社交网络、社区环境等，以及文化因素如价值观、信仰、习俗等，均对老年人的主观幸福感产生影响。还有研究表明，老年人的心理状态，如自尊、自我控制、乐观等，也是影响其主观幸福感的重要因素。Intermsofinfluencingfactors,previousstudieshaveshownthatthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeopleisinfluencedbymultiplefactors.Amongthem,personalfactorssuchasage,gender,healthstatus,economicstatus,socialfactorssuchasfamilyrelationships,socialnetworks,communityenvironment,andculturalfactorssuchasvalues,beliefs,customs,etc.allhaveanimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeople.Therearealsostudiesindicatingthatthepsychologicalstateofelderlypeople,suchasself-esteem,self-control,optimism,etc.,isalsoanimportantfactoraffectingtheirsubjectivewell-being.在差异方面，老年主观幸福感在不同群体间存在显著差异。例如，城乡老年人、不同经济地位的老年人、以及具有不同文化背景的老年人等，其主观幸福感水平可能存在明显差异。这些差异可能与他们的生活经历、社会环境、文化背景等多种因素有关。Intermsofdifferences,therearesignificantdifferencesinthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyamongdifferentgroups.Forexample,theremaybesignificantdifferencesinsubjectivewell-beinglevelsbetweenurbanandruralelderlypeople,elderlypeoplewithdifferenteconomicstatuses,andelderlypeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Thesedifferencesmayberelatedtovariousfactorssuchastheirlifeexperiences,socialenvironment,culturalbackground,etc.老年主观幸福感是一个复杂且多维度的概念，受到多种因素的影响。未来的研究需要进一步深入探讨这些影响因素及其作用机制，以便为提高老年人的主观幸福感提供有针对性的建议和措施。也需要关注不同群体间老年主观幸福感的差异，以便更全面地了解老年人的生活质量和心理状况。Thesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyisacomplexandmultidimensionalconceptthatisinfluencedbymultiplefactors.Futureresearchneedstofurtherexploretheseinfluencingfactorsandtheirmechanismsinordertoprovidetargetedrecommendationsandmeasuresforimprovingthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Itisalsonecessarytopayattentiontothedifferencesinsubjectivewell-beingamongdifferentgroupsofelderlypeople,inordertohaveamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheirqualityoflifeandpsychologicalstatus.三、研究方法Researchmethods本研究旨在深入探讨老年主观幸福感及其差异的影响因素。为实现这一目标，我们采用了定量与定性相结合的研究方法，以确保研究的全面性和准确性。Thisstudyaimstoexploreindepththeinfluencingfactorsofsubjectivewell-beinganditsdifferencesintheelderly.Toachievethisgoal,weadoptedacombinationofquantitativeandqualitativeresearchmethodstoensurethecomprehensivenessandaccuracyofthestudy.本研究的目标人群为60岁及以上的老年人。样本的选取遵循随机抽样的原则，以保证样本的代表性和广泛性。我们从城市和农村地区分别抽取了老年人样本，以反映不同生活环境和经济条件下的老年人群体的主观幸福感。Thetargetpopulationofthisstudyiselderlypeopleaged60andabove.Theselectionofsamplesfollowstheprincipleofrandomsamplingtoensuretherepresentativenessanduniversalityofthesamples.Weextractedsamplesofelderlypeoplefrombothurbanandruralareastoreflectthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlypopulationunderdifferentlivingenvironmentsandeconomicconditions.数据收集主要通过问卷调查和访谈的方式进行。问卷设计参考了国内外相关研究成果，并结合我国老年人的实际情况进行了调整和完善。问卷内容涵盖了老年人的基本信息、健康状况、经济状况、社会支持、生活满意度等多个方面。访谈则主要针对部分具有代表性的老年人进行深入交流，以获取更加详细和深入的信息。Datacollectionismainlyconductedthroughquestionnairesurveysandinterviews.Thequestionnairedesignreferredtorelevantresearchresultsathomeandabroad,andwasadjustedandimprovedbasedontheactualsituationofelderlypeopleinChina.Thequestionnairecoversmultipleaspectssuchasbasicinformation,healthstatus,economicstatus,socialsupport,andlifesatisfactionoftheelderly.Theinterviewmainlyfocusesonin-depthcommunicationwithsomerepresentativeelderlypeopletoobtainmoredetailedandin-depthinformation.数据分析主要运用SPSS等统计软件进行处理。我们对样本进行描述性统计分析，以了解老年人的基本情况和主观幸福感的整体分布。通过相关分析、回归分析等方法，探讨各影响因素与老年主观幸福感之间的关联程度。通过对比分析不同组群之间的差异，揭示老年主观幸福感的影响因素的多样性。DataanalysisismainlyprocessedusingstatisticalsoftwaresuchasSPSS.Weconducteddescriptivestatisticalanalysisonthesampletounderstandthebasicsituationoftheelderlyandtheoveralldistributionofsubjectivewell-being.Explorethedegreeofcorrelationbetweenvariousinfluencingfactorsandsubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlythroughmethodssuchascorrelationanalysisandregressionanalysis.Bycomparingandanalyzingthedifferencesbetweendifferentgroups,weaimtorevealthediversityoffactorsinfluencingsubjectivewell-beingintheelderly.尽管本研究在方法上力求科学和严谨，但仍存在一定的局限性。例如，样本的选取可能受到地域、经济等因素的限制，无法完全代表全国范围内的老年人群体。问卷调查和访谈的结果可能受到老年人自身认知能力和表达能力的影响。未来研究可以在扩大样本范围、改进研究方法等方面进行进一步的探索和完善。Althoughthisstudystrivesforscientificandrigorousmethodology,therearestillcertainlimitations.Forexample,theselectionofsamplesmaybelimitedbyfactorssuchasgeographyandeconomy,andmaynotfullyrepresenttheelderlypopulationnationwide.Theresultsofquestionnairesurveysandinterviewsmaybeinfluencedbythecognitiveandexpressiveabilitiesoftheelderlythemselves.Futureresearchcanfurtherexploreandimproveaspectssuchasexpandingthesamplerangeandimprovingresearchmethods.通过以上研究方法的综合运用，我们希望能够为深入理解老年主观幸福感及其影响因素提供有益的参考和启示。Throughthecomprehensiveapplicationoftheaboveresearchmethods,wehopetoprovideusefulreferencesandinsightsforadeeperunderstandingofthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyanditsinfluencingfactors.四、实证分析Empiricalanalysis为了深入探究老年主观幸福感及其差异的影响因素，本研究采用了问卷调查的方式，对全国范围内的老年人群进行了大规模的实证研究。在问卷设计中，我们参考了国内外相关研究的成熟量表，并结合中国老年人的实际情况进行了适当的调整和完善。问卷内容包括个人基本信息、健康状况、家庭经济状况、社会关系、生活事件等多个方面，旨在全面了解老年人的生活状况和主观幸福感。Inordertodeeplyexploretheinfluencingfactorsofsubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyanditsdifferences,thisstudyusedaquestionnairesurveytoconductalarge-scaleempiricalstudyontheelderlypopulationnationwide.Inthequestionnairedesign,wereferredtomaturescalesfromdomesticandforeignresearch,andmadeappropriateadjustmentsandimprovementsbasedontheactualsituationofelderlypeopleinChina.Thequestionnaireincludesmultipleaspectssuchaspersonalbasicinformation,healthstatus,familyeconomicstatus,socialrelationships,andlifeevents,aimingtocomprehensivelyunderstandthelivingconditionsandsubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.在数据收集过程中，我们采用了分层随机抽样的方法，确保样本的代表性和广泛性。同时，我们还对调查员进行了严格的培训和指导，以确保数据的准确性和可靠性。最终，我们共收集了有效问卷份，涉及不同性别、年龄、职业、教育程度、婚姻状况等各个方面的老年人。Inthedatacollectionprocess,weadoptedastratifiedrandomsamplingmethodtoensuretherepresentativenessandbreadthofthesamples.Atthesametime,wealsoprovidedstricttrainingandguidancetotheinvestigatorstoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofthedata.Intheend,wecollectedvalidquestionnairesfromelderlypeopleofdifferentgenders,ages,professions,educationallevels,maritalstatus,andotheraspects.在数据分析方面，我们采用了描述性统计、t检验、方差分析、回归分析等多种统计方法。我们对老年人的主观幸福感进行了描述性统计，了解了其总体分布情况和不同群体之间的差异。然后，我们运用t检验和方差分析等方法，探究了不同影响因素对老年主观幸福感的影响程度和方向。我们建立了多元线性回归模型，综合分析了各种影响因素对老年主观幸福感的综合作用。Intermsofdataanalysis,weusedvariousstatisticalmethodssuchasdescriptivestatistics,t-tests,analysisofvariance,andregressionanalysis.Weconducteddescriptivestatisticsonthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeople,understandingtheiroveralldistributionanddifferencesamongdifferentgroups.Then,weusedmethodssuchast-testandanalysisofvariancetoexplorethedegreeanddirectionoftheinfluenceofdifferentinfluencingfactorsonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Weestablishedamultiplelinearregressionmodelandcomprehensivelyanalyzedthecomprehensiveeffectsofvariousinfluencingfactorsonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.通过实证分析，我们发现老年主观幸福感受到多种因素的影响。其中，健康状况是最为重要的影响因素之一，老年人的身体健康状况越好，其主观幸福感越高。家庭经济状况、社会关系、生活事件等因素也对老年主观幸福感产生了显著的影响。值得注意的是，不同群体之间的老年主观幸福感存在差异，例如女性老年人的主观幸福感普遍低于男性老年人，高龄老年人的主观幸福感相对较低等。Throughempiricalanalysis,wefoundthatthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyisinfluencedbymultiplefactors.Amongthem,healthstatusisoneofthemostimportantinfluencingfactors,andthebetterthephysicalhealthofelderlypeople,thehighertheirsubjectivewell-being.Factorssuchasfamilyeconomicstatus,socialrelationships,andlifeeventsalsohaveasignificantimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Itisworthnotingthattherearedifferencesinthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeopleamongdifferentgroups.Forexample,thesubjectivewell-beingoffemaleelderlypeopleisgenerallylowerthanthatofmaleelderlypeople,andthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeopleisrelativelylower.基于以上发现，我们建议政府和社会应该更加关注老年人的生活和健康状况，加大对老年人的医疗保障和生活支持力度。家庭成员和社会各界也应该加强对老年人的关爱和陪伴，帮助他们建立更加紧密的社会关系和支持网络。针对不同群体的老年人，应该采取不同的措施和策略，以提高他们的主观幸福感和生活质量。Basedontheabovefindings,wesuggestthatthegovernmentandsocietyshouldpaymoreattentiontothelivingandhealthstatusoftheelderly,andincreasemedicalsecurityandlifesupportfortheelderly.Familymembersandallsectorsofsocietyshouldalsostrengthentheircareandcompanionshipfortheelderly,helpingthemestablishclosersocialrelationshipsandsupportnetworks.Differentmeasuresandstrategiesshouldbetakenfordifferentgroupsofelderlypeopletoimprovetheirsubjectivewell-beingandqualityoflife.本研究通过实证分析的方法，深入探究了老年主观幸福感及其差异影响因素。研究结果不仅为政府和社会提供了有针对性的政策建议和实践指导，也为后续研究提供了有益的参考和借鉴。Thisstudyconductedanempiricalanalysistoexplorethesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyanditsinfluencingfactors.Theresearchresultsnotonlyprovidetargetedpolicyrecommendationsandpracticalguidanceforthegovernmentandsociety,butalsoprovideusefulreferencesandreferencesforsubsequentresearch.五、讨论与发现DiscussionandDiscovery本研究通过深入调查和分析老年群体的主观幸福感及其影响因素，揭示了老年主观幸福感的复杂性和多样性。我们发现，老年主观幸福感受到多种因素的影响，包括个人因素、家庭因素、社会因素和健康因素等。Thisstudyrevealsthecomplexityanddiversityofsubjectivewell-beingamongtheelderlypopulationthroughin-depthinvestigationandanalysisoftheirsubjectivewell-beingandinfluencingfactors.Wehavefoundthatsubjectivewell-beingintheelderlyisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingpersonalfactors,familyfactors,socialfactors,andhealthfactors.在个人因素方面，年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况等因素对老年主观幸福感的影响显著。随着年龄的增长，老年人的主观幸福感可能会逐渐下降，但这一趋势受到其他因素的调节。性别差异在老年主观幸福感上也表现出一定的特点，但并非绝对。教育程度较高的老年人往往具有较高的主观幸福感，这可能与他们的认知能力和社交能力有关。婚姻状况对老年主观幸福感的影响也不容忽视，已婚或有伴侣的老年人通常比未婚或独居的老年人具有更高的主观幸福感。Intermsofpersonalfactors,factorssuchasage,gender,educationlevel,andmaritalstatushaveasignificantimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Aspeopleage,theirsubjectivewell-beingmaygraduallydecrease,butthistrendismoderatedbyotherfactors.Genderdifferencesalsoexhibitcertaincharacteristicsinthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,buttheyarenotabsolute.Elderlypeoplewithhigherlevelsofeducationoftenhavehighersubjectivewell-being,whichmayberelatedtotheircognitiveandsocialabilities.Theinfluenceofmaritalstatusonthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeoplecannotbeignored.Marriedormarriedelderlypeopleusuallyhavehighersubjectivewell-beingthanunmarriedoraloneelderlypeople.在家庭因素方面，家庭关系、子女孝顺程度等因素对老年主观幸福感的影响显著。家庭关系和睦、子女孝顺的老年人往往具有较高的主观幸福感。这可能是因为家庭支持是老年人情感支持和精神寄托的重要来源，对老年人的心理健康和主观幸福感具有积极的影响。Intermsoffamilyfactors,factorssuchasfamilyrelationshipsandthedegreeoffilialpietyofchildrenhaveasignificantimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Elderlypeoplewithharmoniousfamilyrelationshipsandfilialchildrenoftenhaveahighersubjectivesenseofhappiness.Thismaybebecausefamilysupportisanimportantsourceofemotionalsupportandspiritualsustenancefortheelderly,whichhasapositiveimpactontheirmentalhealthandsubjectivewell-being.在社会因素方面，社会参与、经济状况等因素对老年主观幸福感的影响不容忽视。积极参与社会活动的老年人通常具有较高的主观幸福感，这可能与他们的社交互动、自我实现和社会价值感有关。经济状况也对老年主观幸福感产生显著影响，经济宽裕的老年人往往具有更高的主观幸福感。然而，值得注意的是，经济状况对老年主观幸福感的影响受到其他因素的调节，如个人价值观、生活态度等。Intermsofsocialfactors,theinfluenceoffactorssuchassocialparticipationandeconomicstatusonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlycannotbeignored.Elderlypeoplewhoactivelyparticipateinsocialactivitiesusuallyhaveahighersubjectivewell-being,whichmayberelatedtotheirsocialinteraction,selfrealization,andsocialvalue.Theeconomicsituationalsohasasignificantimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,andfinanciallyaffluentelderlypeopleoftenhavehighersubjectivewell-being.However,itisworthnotingthattheimpactofeconomicconditionsonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyismoderatedbyotherfactors,suchaspersonalvaluesandattitudestowardslife.在健康因素方面，身体健康状况和心理健康状况对老年主观幸福感的影响尤为突出。身体健康状况良好的老年人往往具有较高的主观幸福感，而心理健康状况也是影响老年主观幸福感的重要因素。抑郁、焦虑等心理问题可能导致老年人主观幸福感的下降。因此，关注老年人的身心健康，提供必要的医疗和心理支持，对于提高老年主观幸福感具有重要意义。Intermsofhealthfactors,theimpactofphysicalandmentalhealthonthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyisparticularlyprominent.Elderlypeoplewithgoodphysicalhealthoftenhaveahighersubjectivewell-being,andtheirmentalhealthisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingtheirsubjectivewell-being.Psychologicalproblemssuchasdepressionandanxietymayleadtoadecreaseinthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeople.Therefore,payingattentiontothephysicalandmentalhealthoftheelderly,providingnecessarymedicalandpsychologicalsupport,isofgreatsignificanceforimprovingtheirsubjectivewell-being.老年主观幸福感受到多种因素的影响，包括个人因素、家庭因素、社会因素和健康因素等。这些因素相互交织，共同作用于老年主观幸福感。因此，在提高老年主观幸福感的过程中，需要综合考虑各种因素，采取综合性的措施。例如，加强老年人的健康教育，提高他们的自我保健意识和能力；优化家庭环境，促进家庭关系的和谐与子女的孝顺；鼓励老年人参与社会活动，实现自我价值和社会归属；关注老年人的心理健康问题，提供必要的心理支持和治疗等。通过这些措施的实施，有望提高老年人的主观幸福感，促进他们的身心健康和生活质量。Thesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingpersonalfactors,familyfactors,socialfactors,andhealthfactors.Thesefactorsareintertwinedandworktogetheronthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly.Therefore,intheprocessofimprovingthesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsidervariousfactorsandtakecomprehensivemeasures.Forexample,strengtheninghealtheducationfortheelderly,improvingtheirawarenessandabilityofself-care;Optimizethefamilyenvironment,promoteharmoniousfamilyrelationshipsandfilialpietyofchildren;Encourageelderlypeopletoparticipateinsocialactivities,achieveself-worthandsocialbelonging;Payattentiontothementalhealthissuesoftheelderly,providenecessarypsychologicalsupportandtreatment,etc.Throughtheimplementationofthesemeasures,itisexpectedtoimprovethesubjectivewell-beingoftheelderly,promotetheirphysicalandmentalhealth,andimprovetheirqualityoflife.六、结论与建议Conclusionandrecommendations通过对老年主观幸福感及其影响因素的深入研究，本文得出了一系列有意义的结论。在老年人群中，主观幸福感受到多种因素的影响，包括经济状况、健康状况、社会支持、生活事件、人格特质等。这些因素在不同程度上对老年人的主观幸福感产生影响，其中经济状况、健康状况和社会支持的影响尤为显著。Throughin-depthresearchonsubjectivewell-beingoftheelderlyanditsinfluencingfactors,thisarticlehasdrawnaseriesofmeaningfulconclusions.Intheelderlypopulation,subjectivewell-beingisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingeconomicstatus,healthstatus,socialsupport,lifeevents,personalitytraits,etc.Thesefactorshavevaryingdegreesofimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingofelderlypeople,witheconomicstatus,healthstatus,andsocialsupporthavingaparticularlysignificantimpact.本研究发现，不同老年人群体在主观幸福感上存在差异。例如，城市老年人相对于农村老年人具有更高的主观幸福感；教育程度较高的老年人主观幸福感也较高；有伴侣的老年人比无伴侣的老年人主观幸福感更强。这些差异提示我们，在制定提高老年人主观幸福感的措施时，需要充分考虑到不同老年人群体的特点和需求。Thisstudyfoundthattherearedifferencesinsubjectivewell-beingamongdifferentgroupsofelderlypeople.Forexample,urbanelderly