建筑环境与能源应用工程专业英语16

ReviewSalvationLieswithin“得救之道，就在其中”练习：英译汉Applyingthemeasuredglobalanddiffusesolarradiationdatafrom78meteorologicalstationsinChina,acountrywidegeneralcorrelationmodelforcalculatingthedailydiffuseradiationwasderived

onthebasisofLiuandJordanmethod.Twowidelyusedstatistics:rootmeansquareerrorandmeanbiaserrorwereused

toassesstheperformanceofthecorrelation.Andthecorrelationshowsgoodbehaviorwhenappliedtomostofthestations.Subsequently,withthemeasureddatafromthe78stations,ananalysisofgeographicaldistributionofsolarenergyresourceinChinawasalsopresentedintheformofclearnessindex(theratioofglobalsolarradiationtoextraterrestrialradiation)percentagefrequency,andresultsshowthatthesolarenergyresourceinwesternandnorthernChinaisrelativelyabundant.练习：英译汉Applyingthedailyglobalsolarradiationdatameasuredatleast10years,thetypicalsolarradiationyearfor30meteorologicalstationsinChinaisgeneratedusingtheFinkelstein–Schaferstatisticalmethod.Basedonthetypicalsolarradiationdataobtained,thegeographicaldifferenceofsolarenergyresourceofthese30stationswasalsoanalyzed.TheresultsinthispaperwillfillthisgapthatcompleteanddetailedtypicalsolarradiationdataarenotavailableforChina,andwillbeusefultothedesignersofsolarenergyconversionandutilizationdevices.练习：英译汉1）HVACsystemsandtheassociateddistributionsystemsoftenoccupyasignificantamountofspace.Majorcomponentsmayalsorequirespecialsupportfromthestructure.Thesizeandappearanceofterminaldevices(i.e.,diffusers,fan-coilunits,radiantpanels,etc.)haveanaffectonthearchitecturaldesignbecausetheyarevisibleintheoccupiedspace.2）Thedesignengineerisresponsibleforconsideringvarioussystemsandrecommendingoneortwothatwillsatisfythegoalandperformasdesired.Itisimperativethatthedesignengineerandtheownercollaborateonidentifyingandratingthecriteriaassociatedwiththedesigngoal.UnitOne: HVACRandInternet

heating采暖供热ventilation通风airconditioning空气调节refrigeration制冷HVACR暖通空调制冷technicalsophistication技术精通entrepreneur企业家proprietarytechnology专利技术highlyeducated受过良好教育的Internet-savvy熟悉网络的Plumbing&Drainage给水、排水distanceeducation远程教育searchingliterature文献查询web-enabled具有网络功能的civilbuilding民用建筑industrialbuilding工业建筑residentialbuilding居住建筑publicbuilding公共建筑commercialbuilding商业建筑sizingHVACcomponents确定空调系统部件容量大小UnitTwo: SustainableBuiltEnvironmentbuiltenvironment

建筑环境

sustainability

可持续性sustainabledevelopment

可持续发展

sustainableapproach

可持续性方法integratedapproach集成化方法

theory＆practice理论与实践lifecycleanalyses寿命周期分析

thermalcomfort热舒适visualcomfort视觉舒适acousticcomfort声觉舒适indoorairquality室内空气品质professionalareas专业领域decision-making决策resourceconsumption资源消耗globalenergyconsumption全球能耗environmentalimpact环境影响greenhousegasemissions温室气体排放sickbuildingsymptoms病态建筑综合症financialgains经济效益costbenefitanalyses成本收益分析interdisciplinary跨学科的promotionalmaterial促销材料academicresearch学术研究dynamiccharacteristic动态特性apartment公寓dweller居住者Buildingstructure建筑结构UnitThree: IndoorAirQualityIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)

室内空气品质interdisciplinary

跨学科的

concentration浓度EnvironmentalSustainableDevelopment

环境可持续发展pollutants污染物

occupant

居住者、室内人员receptor受体

indoorairpollutants室内空气污染物PM(ParticulateMatter)

颗粒物VOC(VolatileOrganicCompounds)

挥发性有机化合物ETS(environmentaltobaccosmoke)

吸烟引起的烟物pollutantdistributions污染物分布controlstrategies控制策略localexhaust局部通风residentiallife日常生活massbalanceequations质量平衡方程empiricalmodel经验模型reductionismapproach简化法expansionismapproach拓展法sampling抽样、取样environmentalecosystem环境生态系统inhalation吸入UnitFour: EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingssolarenergy

太阳能

hydropower

水力发出的电力geothermalenergy

地热能

electricalpower

电能steamturbine

蒸汽轮机

mechanicalpower

机械能energyefficientsystem

高能效系统

costeffectiveness

成本效率chilledwater

冷冻水

condenserwater

冷却水groundsourceheatpumps

地源热泵

geothermalenergy地热能buildingenergyconsumption

建筑能耗

biomassenergy

生物质能First(Second)LawofThermodynamics

热力学第一（二）定律hydrodynamics

流体力学

thermodynamics

热力学thermocouple

热电偶

platinumresistance

铂电阻powerplant

电厂CCHP（CombinedCoolingHeatingPower）System

热电冷三联供系统heatgains

得热量

heatlosses

热量损失energyefficientsystem

节能系统

existingbuilding

既有建筑UnitFour: EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingsEnergyUtilizationandConservation

能源利用与节约nonrenewableenergy

不可再生能源

renewableenergy

可再生能源secondaryequipment

二次设备

primaryequipment

初级设备conditionedspaces

空调区

centralplant

中央机组solareffects

太阳辐射的影响

internalgains

室内得热heatstorage

蓄热interior

内部结构buildingenvelope

建筑物围护结构

infiltration

（风）渗透pipinglossesorgains

管路热损失或得热

hour-by-hoursimulation

逐时模拟part-loadcharacteristics

部分负荷性能

energyaudit

能源审计chiller

冷水机组

capacity

容量variable-speeddrivers

变速驱动器

chilledwater

冷冻水condenserwater

冷却水

coolingtower

冷却塔watertreatment

水处理

hardwater

硬水feedwatersystems

补水系统SEER:SeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio

季节能效比HSPF:HeatingSeasonalPerformanceFactor

制热季节性能系数UnitFive: HeatTransferheattransferequipment传热设备heatexchanger热交换器boiler锅炉condenser冷凝器radiator散热器refrigerator冰箱solarcollector太阳能集热器heattransferrate传热(速)率temperaturedifference温差factorofsafety安全系数experimentalerror实验误差operatingcondition运行条件heattransfercoefficient传热系数conduction传导convection对流radiation辐射sensibleHeat

显热latentheat

潜热zeroenergybuilding

零能耗建筑lowenergybuilding

低能耗建筑sizingproblem

容量选择的问题

differentialequation

微分方程variable

变量

derivative

导数declineinperformance

性能的降低

plateheatexchanger

板式换热器shellandtubeheatexchanger

壳管式换热器finnedtubeheatexchanger

翅片管式换热器UnitSix: TurbulenceandComplexFlowfluiddynamics,fluidmechanics,hydrodynamics

流体力学turbulentflow,turbulence紊流湍流

laminarflow

层流DirectNumericalSimulation(DNS)

直接模拟法LargeEddySimulation(lES)

大涡模拟Reynolds-averagedNavier-Stokes(RANS)

雷诺时均方程法Reynoldsnumber

雷诺数dissipation

耗散viscousstress

粘性力

shearstress

剪切力thermalanemometry热线风速仪

coherentstructure拟序结构laserDopplerVelocimetry

激光多普勒测速仪two-phaseflow

两相流

multiphaseflow

多相流continuummodel

连续型模型

dispersedphases

离散相、分散相particleimagevelocimetry(PIV)

粒子图像测速（技术）flowvisualization

流动可视化

momentum

动量sub-gridscale

次网格尺度（范围）

phrasechange

相变boundaryconditions

边界条件

flowfield

流动区域coordinateframe

坐标系

Galileantransformation

伽利略变换UnitSix: TurbulenceandComplexFlowvectorfield

向量场

frame-independent不依靠坐标系的Vorticity涡量fine-scaleeffects

微尺度效应roughness

粗糙（度）deformation

变形shearingstress

切应力pressuresurge

压力突然升高waterhammer

水锤现象UnitSeven: RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield

向量场

frame-independent不依靠坐标系的refrigeration制冷refrigerationsystem制冷系统refrigerant制冷剂coolingmedium冷却介质vaporcompressionsystem蒸气压缩式系统absorptionsystem吸收式系统absorbent吸收剂gasexpansionsystem气体膨胀式系统brine盐水ozonedepletionpotential(ODP)臭氧消耗潜能globalwarmingpotential(GWP)全球变暖潜能hydrocarbon碳氢化合物halocarbon卤代烃phaseout逐步停用或淘汰alternative替代物Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)氢氟烃Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)氢氯氟烃Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)氯氟烃Bromofluorocarbons(BFCs)Halons溴氟烃HC（Hydrocarbon）碳氢FC（Fluorocarbon）氟烃azeotropic共沸的nonazeotropic非共沸的UnitSeven: RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield

向量场

frame-independent不依靠坐标系的Four-wayReversingValve

四通换向阀lithiumbromide

溴化锂Ammonia

氨coolingeffect

冷却作用heatsource

热源heatsink

热汇coolingmedium

冷却介质

throttle

节流节流阀expansionvalve

膨胀阀

capillary

毛细管absorbent

吸收剂

solution

溶液direct-firedgasfurnace

直燃式燃气炉

wasteheat

废热concentration

浓度

volumetriccomposition

体积构成saturationtemperature

饱和温度

leak

泄漏charge

充注

dewpoint

露点（温度）bubblepoint

泡点（温度）

glide

滑移（温度）Phaseout

逐步淘汰centrifugalchillers

离心式冷水机ReciprocationCompressor

往复式压缩机RotaryCompressor

转子压缩机ScrewCompressor

螺杆式压缩机ScrollCompressor

涡旋式压缩机CentrifugalCompressor

离心压缩机mineraloil

矿物油UnitEight: Boilerfeedwater

补水bituminouscoal

烟煤naturalgas

天然气lignite褐煤byproduct

副产品

blast-furnacegas高炉煤气carbonmonoxide

一氧化碳

operatingcost运行费用fixedcharge

固定支出draftloss通风热损失Sootblower

吹灰器economizer

省煤器airpreheater

空气预热器chimneystack烟囱watertubeboiler

水管锅炉

firetubeboiler火管锅炉steamengine

蒸汽机steamturbine蒸汽轮机蒸汽透平pressure-reducingstation

减压站

auxiliary辅助设备辅助的operatingpersonnel操作人员costoflabor人工费用firstcostcharge初投资initialcost初投资long-termsaving长期收益wastefuel废弃燃料saturatedsteam饱和蒸汽superheatedsteam:??unsaturatedsteam:??UnitNine: HeatPumpsheatpump

热泵

reversingvalve

四通换向阀heatingcycle

制热循环

coolingcycle

制冷循环indoorcoil

室内盘管

outdoorcoil

室外盘管frost

霜结霜defrost

除霜energyefficiencyratio(EER)

能效比coefficientofperformance(COP)

性能系数heatingseasonalperformancefactor(HSPF)

制热季节性能系数seasonalenergyefficiencyratio(SEER)

(制冷)季节能效比ambienttemperatures

室外气温air-sourceheatpump

空气源热泵water-sourceheatpump

水源热泵ground-waterheatpump

地下水源热泵geothermalclosed-loopheatpump

闭环地源(或土壤源)热泵UnitTen: ComfortHeatingfiretubeboilers

火管锅炉

hydronicheating循环供暖secondaryheatexchanger

二次换热器insulatingeffect

绝热效应firebox

燃烧室

alternateenergysources

替代能源cloudcover

云量shorterwavelength

短波longerwavelength

长波absorberplate吸收板antifreeze

防冻剂pressurestoragetank储压罐reliefvalve

排气阀fiberglass

玻璃纤维centrifugalpump

离心泵checkvalve

逆止阀thermostat

温控器auxiliaryheater辅助加热器controlpanel

控制台(面板)

greenhouse

温室ASME(AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers)美国机械工程师协会UnitEleven: Ventilationventilationsystem

通风系统emissionsources

排放源污染源generalexhaustventilation全面通风

dilutionventilation

稀释通风localexhaustventilation

局部通风

numberofairchanges换气次数mixingefficiency混合效率

hood排风罩contaminant污染物

make-upair

补充空气aircleaner空气处理器

stacks烟囱staticpressure

静压

velocitypressure

动压axialflowfan

轴流风机

centrifugalfan

离心风机entrylosses入口损失

frictionlosses

摩擦损失precipitator除尘器

cyclone旋风除尘器negativepressure负压

positivepressure

正压air-handlingsystem(AHU)

空气处理系统ventilationcriteria通风标准、通风准则UnitTwelve: AirConditioningSystemsairconditioningsystem

空气调节系统humidify

加湿dehumidify

除湿filter

过滤过滤器central-stationsystem

集中式系统unitarysystem

单元式系统mechanicalroom

机房radiant-heatsystems

辐射采暖系统blower

送风机facevelocity

迎面风速

facearea迎风面积mixingplenum

混合箱damper

闸板directexpansion(DX)

直接膨胀vibrationdamper

减震器acousticlining

隔音层acousticboard

隔音板grilles

格栅register

送风口thefan-coilunitsystem风机盘管系统

hydraulicsystem水力系统four-pipetype四管制two-pipetype两管制diffuser散流器terminaldevice末端设备all-airsystem全空气系统UnitThirteen: MeasurementErrorsandAccuracyuncertainty

不确定性measurementerror

测量误差truevalue

真值

measuredvalue

测量值recordingerrors

记录误差systematicorfixederrors系统误差accidentalorrandomerrors随机误差

measurementsystem测量系统meanvalue

平均值

frequencydistribution

频率分布probabilitydensityfunction

概率密度函数distributionfunction

分布函数discreteprobabilitydistribution

离散型概率分布continuousprobabilitydensities

连续型概率密度conditionalprobability

条件概率LawofLargeNumbers

大数定律CentralLimitTheorem

中心极限定律UnitFourteen: ControlandBuildingAutomationSystemcontrolmode

控制模式On/OffControl