2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语试题含答案解析

2023年新课标全国I卷英语试题含答案解析

一、短对话（共5分）

1.WhatwillJackprobablydothisweekend?

A.Gocamping.B.Visitafriend.C.Watchafilm.

（答案）c

（原文）

W:Jack,areyougoingcampingwithyourfriendsthisweekend?

M:Itdepends.Ifit'ssunny,we'11go.

W:Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain.

M:Inthatcase,we'11gotothecinemainstead.

2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?

A.Takecareofherbags.

B.Packthefoodforher.

C.Checkthetrainschedule.

（答案）A

（原文）

W:Excuseme,couldyoumindmybagsforamoment?Iwanttobuysomefoodatthe

conveniencestore.

M:Noproblem.Butbequick.Itwasannouncedthatmytrainwouldarrivein10

minutes.

3.WhenwillthemanseeBob?

A.ThisFriday.B.ThisSaturday.C.NextMonday.

（答案）B

（原文）

W:BobcameoutofhospitallastFriday.Haveyougotachancetovisithim?

M:IplantoseehimthisSaturday.

W:Aren'tyougoingtotheconferencethen?

M:No.IthasbeenrescheduledfornextMonday.

4.Whydoesthemanapologize?

A.Fortheterriblefood.

B.Fortheovercharge.

C.Forthewaiter'srudeness.

（答案）B

（原文）

M:Sorry,Miss.Wemadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthebill.Hereistheten

dollarswehavetoreturntoyou.

W:Oh,Ididn'tnoticethat.It'sOK.Don'tblamethewaiter.He'sbeenreally

nice.

5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Writingabook.B.Holdingacelebration.C.Buyingapresent.

（答案）c

（原文）

W:DoyouthinkweshouldgetSteveabookforthenewyear?

M:Booksaregood.ButStevewouldn'ttakejustanybook.Hehashadthis

particularoneongeography.

二、长对话（共12分）

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?

A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeanouting.C.Tocancelanappointment.

7.WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?

A.Gotoadinnerparty.B.TalktoSarainperson.C.Workonthenewcase.

（答案）6.C7.B

（原文）

M:Hello,Sara.

W:Hello,David.Ican'tcomefordinnertonight.Sorry.

M:Oh,whathappened?

W:We'vegotanewcaseandthingsgetprettycrazyhereintheoffice.

M:Well,thenI'11cometoyou.

W:No,no,nottonight.LetmeseeifIcanarrangeanothernight.

M:Sara,please.Weneedtotalk.It'saboutmyjob.

W:Thentellmeonthephone.

M:No,it'sbetterifwedoitinperson.Howabouttomorrownight?

W:I?mnotsure.Youcangivemeacalltomorrowafternoon.

M:OK.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.WhereisJimnow?

A.Inataxi.B.Onabus.C.Inhisoffice.

9.Whatisthewoman?ssuggestion?

A.Goingtothecitycenter.

B.Takingashortcuthome.

C.MeetingJiminthepark.

（答案）8.A9.B

（原文）

W:Jimwillcallonusthisafternoon.Doyouknowwhereheisnow?

M:Er...wait.Letmesee.Hehassenttwomessagessayingthathe'sdonewithhis

workattheofficeandgotataxiand...andhe'11arriveintwentyminutes.

W:Wecan'tkeephimwaitingoutsideourhome.Wehavetohurry.

M:Butittakesatleasthalfanhourtogettothecitycenterbybus.Lookatthe

traffic.

W:Let'sgetoff.Wecansaveatleasttwentyminutesbywalkingthroughthepark.

M:Areyousure?

W:Yes.Ahundredpercent.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

10.WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?

A.Sheplantedvegetables.

B.Shewenttoayardsale.

C.Shevisitedhergrandpa.

11.WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?

A.Aplaneticket.B.Afamilyphoto.C.Apostcard.

12.WheredoesMarklive?

A.LosAngeles.B.Chicago.C.Philadelphia.

13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?

A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.

（答案）10.C11.A12.C13.A

（原文）

W:Morning,Mark.

M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?

W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa,s.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.My

daughterhadagreattimethere.Whataboutyou?

M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayand

gotseveralbooks.

W:Novels?

M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceof

paperfellout.Itwasanairticketfrom2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelesto

ChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.

W:Wasit?

M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworked

inChicago.Bothofthemoftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehe

gotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-handbookstoreinLosAngelesthree

yearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.

W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister'soldbooklandedinyourhands.

That'sreallycrazy.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.Whatisprobablythewoman?

A.Ateacher.B.Ajournalist.C.Anathlete.

15.WhatdoesVictorfinddifficultasamemberofthebasketballteam?

A.Adaptinghimselftotheintensetraining.

B.Dealingwiththepressurefromthecoach.

C.Regainingtheskillslearnedinhighschool.

16.WhatdoesVictorsayabouttheplayersontheteam?

A.Theyareofthesameage.

B.Theyaresimilarincharacter.

C.Theyarefromdifferentcountries.

17.HowdoesVictorfeelabouthisteamnow?

A・It'sabouttobreakup.B・It’sthebestinIndiana.C.It?s

gettingstronger.

（答案）14.B15.A16.C17.C

（原文）

W:Victor,you'vebeenhereinIndianaforsixweeksnow.Howareyoufeeling?

M:IthinkI'vegotusedtocollegelife,goingtoclasses,workingoutandhanging

outwithmyfriends.Thoughthere,spressuretomeetdeadlines,lifehereisnever

boring.

W:What'sbeenhardaboutbeinganIndiananbasketballplayer?

M:Well,thetrainingisverycompetitive,weightliftingandrunningeveryday.It'

snotlikehighschool.Inhighschool,Ireallydidn'thavetodothat.I'mjust

tryingtogetusedtoit.AndIthinkIam.

W:Atthispoint,howdoyouseeyourselffittingintothisgroup?

M:Ithinkwe'realldifferent.GeorgeisfromBritain.ChrisandLeoarefrom

Australia.I'mfromFrance.AndtherestareAmericans.ButIgetalongwith

everybody.Youknow,wearereallystartingtobond.It'sgreattoseehowwegrow

eachdayasateam.

W:Thanks,Victor.IwishyouaveryhappyandfruitfulstayinIndiana.

三、短文（共3分）

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.WhoisTomHokinson?

A.Founderofamagazine.B.Publisherofanovel.C.Editorofa

newspaper.

19.WhatdoweknowaboutthecontentofTheIdler?

A・It'sold-fashioned.B.It?swide-ranging.C.It?sstudent-targeted.

20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?

A.Todoapromotion.B.Todiscussanissue.C.Tointroducealecturer.

（答案）18.A19.B20.A

（原文）

W:Goodevening,dearlisteners.Whenwasthelasttimeyouenjoyedleisure

activities?Doyouwanttoliveafullandhappylife?Today,I?mgoingtointroduce

toyouamagazinethatfeaturestheartofliving.TheIdlerwaslaunchedbyTom

Hokinson,backin1993.Withtheintentionofprovidingabitoffun,freedomand

achievementinthebusyworld,itisnowpublishedbimonthly.Ineveryissue,you

willfindaninterestingmixofinterviewsandessaysonthegoodlife,history,

philosophy,artsandfashionphotography.Youwillfindmuchtolaughatandmuch

usefulstuffaswell,fromrecipesformakingbacontoguidestohousekeeping.Ifyou

everfeltthatthereismoretolifethanboringjobs,thenwhynotsubscribetoit?

TheIdlerisacheeringreadthatmakesyoufeelbetteraboutlife.Youcandownload

theapplicationandsubscribetodaytogetyourfirstissuefree.

四、阅读理解（共15分）

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofa

bike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,

withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobike

alonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerental

companyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsat

strategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weoffer

thenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（杀U车），

bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排挡），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren's

bikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day（24hours）€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5~hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,the

Rijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareevery

houronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuyyourticketina

MacBikeshoporbookonline.

21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwo

days?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

（答案）21.B22.C23.D

（导语）

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格

等细节。

（21题详解）

推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,

includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（杀1J车），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排

挡），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.（我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，

包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车）”可

推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。

（22题详解）

细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天

数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。

（23题详解）

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthe

hour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.（旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开

始）”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。

（点睛）

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecame

clearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.When

hegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthe

messespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentback

toobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmful

bacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withthe

rightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwaste

thewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge

（污泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeach

other.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplants

andanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.

Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthe

sludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andall

thatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse一

likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.He

alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheast

China.

^Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthis

kindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnew

relationshipsandobservewhat?shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdevelop

theirownwaystoself-repair.”

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor,

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

26.WhatistheauthorspurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

（答案）24.C25.D26.B27.A

（导语）

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用

自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

（24题详解）

细节理解题。根据第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoods

aroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,

oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatures

lived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedto

cleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房

子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住

的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混

舌L）”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,

Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrap

harmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大

学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物

能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选

Co

（25题详解）

细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（几个星期后，约翰

把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段"Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsand

animalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Within

weeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他对结果感至U

惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩

下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

（26题详解）

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段uOvertheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.He

developedagreenhouse一likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homes

inSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,

acityinsoutheastChina.（这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的

设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部

城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。

（27题详解）

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat's

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你

把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式）”可

知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。

（点睛）

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includinga

detailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowto

adoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethe

philosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationofthe

forcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,

beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthis

philosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfrom

optionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwill

thenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelieve

willprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'11guideyouthroughcarryingoutyourown

digitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'11drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhich

over1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'11hearthese

participants?storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhat

trapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelp

youcultivate（培养）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,

Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityof

cultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindless

deviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whichare

designedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthese

practicesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle

thatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

（答案）28.B29.A30.C31.A

（导语）

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。

（28题详解）

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigital

minimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,and

thentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为

它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选

Bo

（29题详解）

词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptional

onlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenadd

backasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewill

providemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.（这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的

在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心

挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑

选。故选A。

（30题详解）

推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'11guideyou

throughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'11drawonan

experimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigital

declutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，

我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，

第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。

（31题详解）

推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaid

youreffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticular

circumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的

极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。

故选Ao

（点睛）

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaper

whichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds“effect.The

experimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofa

largenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrors

aren,talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometo

underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleach

otherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendto

makethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmore

technicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople,sestimatesbe

independent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）on

thisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswere

furtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesof

fourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage

obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtoget

abettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didthey

tendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthose

leastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn't

thedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthattheyushared

argumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresulted

inaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionand

decision-makingareenormous.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

33.Navajasstudyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

35.Whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardNavajas?studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

（答案）32.B33.D34.C35.D

（导语）

本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大

量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。

（32题详解）

主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeople

makeerrors,thoseerrorsaren?talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendto

overestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveraged

together,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.If

peoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcancel

eachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'

sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecome

correlatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（这种效应利用了

这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。

当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果

相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智

慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就

会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互

抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。

因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。

（33题详解）

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequires

thatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估

计是独立的）”和第三段的"Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswere

furtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesof

fourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage

obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分

为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从

四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人

们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立

的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。

（34题详解）

推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidin

theirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheir

estimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在~~项针对

100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否

倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）”可知，

在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此

可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。

（35题详解）

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容aAlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionand

decision-makingareenormous.（尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对

小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存

在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定

的赞许和支持。故选D。

（点睛）

五、七选五（共5分）

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourself

upaboutthem.Toerr（3E错）ishuman.36Youcanusethefollowingwriting

exercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”

37Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?

Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou're

proudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness."Onthisone,

listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyou

helpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,

orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.38

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.39

Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandthe

aspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou've

madeamistaketotrythis一it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatany

time.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陈词滥调）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheir

successesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.40We'reall

changingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopand

grow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Now