“太空加油站”-变废为宝助力星际探索

名师精讲外刊“太空加油站”——变废为宝助力星际探索'Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit名师精讲外刊人类航空事业的发展越来越迅速了，但是太空垃圾的问题也受到很多人的关注。太空垃圾顾名思义就是太空中漂浮的垃圾，那么太空垃圾是由什么组成的？会带来怎么样的危害？目前人类提出了那些方案来解决此问题？一起来看今天的外刊文章。课前问题1.文中用了哪两个词来表示“推动力”？2.文末提到了哪三种处理太空垃圾的方式？导读名师精讲外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基础解析】fueln.燃料【释】anymaterialthatproducesheatorpower,usuallywhenitisburnt【例】Hisremarkssimplyaddedfueltothefire/flamesofherrage.他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。v.增加；加强；刺激【释】toincreasesth;tomakesthstronger【例】Theresultwillinevitablyfuelspeculationabouttheprimeminister'sfuture.该结果将不可避免地加剧人们对首相前途的猜测。名师精讲外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基础解析】orbitn.（天体等运行的）轨道【释】acurvedpathfollowedbyaplanetoranobjectasitmovesaroundanotherplanet,star,moon,etc.【例】theearth'sorbitaroundthesun地球环绕太阳的轨道v.沿轨道运行；围绕……运动【释】Ifsomethingsuchasasatelliteorbitsaplanet,moon,orsun,itmovesarounditinacontinuous,curvingpath.Australiancompanyjoinsglobalefforttorecycledangerousspacedebris【基础解析】debrisn.1)残渣；垃圾；废弃物【释】piecesofmaterialthatarenotwantedandrubbish/garbagethatareleftsomewhere【例】Clearawayleavesandothergardendebrisfromthepond.把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。2)残骸；碎片；破片【释】piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.thatareleftaftersthhasbeendestroyed【例】Emergencyteamsarestillclearingthedebrisfromtheplanecrash.各抢救小组仍在清理失事飞机的残骸。精讲试听结束AnAustraliancompanyispartofaninternationalefforttorecycledangerousspacejunkintorocketfuel-inspace.Theorbitourplanetdependsonisgettingcloggedwithdebrisfromoldspacecraft.【基础解析】clogv.（使）阻塞，堵塞【释】toblocksthortobecomeblocked【例】Thenarrowstreetswerecloggedwithtraffic.狭窄的街道上交通堵塞。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【长难句分析】Deadsatellitesandspentrocketparts(主语)arewhizzingaround(谓语)atspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(现在分词短语作结果状语).Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基础解析】whizzv.嗖嗖地移动；飞速行驶【释】tomoveveryquickly,makingahighcontinuoussound【例】Abulletwhizzedpastmyear.一颗子弹嗖的一声从我耳边飞过。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基础解析】posev.1)造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生【释】tocreateathreat,problem,etc.thathastobedealtwith【例】toposeathreat/challenge/danger/risk构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险2)提问；质询【释】toaskaquestion,especiallyonethatneedsseriousthought【例】toposeaquestion提出问题Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【基础解析】facilityn.设施；设备【释】buildings,services,equipment,etc.thatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose【例】sports/leisurefacilities体育/消闲设施Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【拓展延伸】1)facilitate/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/v.促使；使便利【例】Structuredteachingfacilitateslearning.有条理的教导有利于学习。2)关于“设备、设施”的单词辨析：①equipment多指成套的或重型的设备或装备，比如camping/officeequipment野营/办公室设备；②facility用于某项活动的设备，比如sports/leisurefacilities体育/休闲设施；③apparatus尤作科学、医学或技术等方面的用途的仪器，比如laboratoryapparatus实验室仪器；④appliance多指家用电器，比如electrical/householdappliances电器/家用器具；⑤device指的是小巧的电子装置或设备，比如mobiledevices移动设备；⑥amenity指便民设施，比如公共电话、公共厕所；⑦infrastructure指基础设施，比如水、电、道路、桥梁。Lastweekend,Russiafiredamissileanddestroyedoneofitsownsatellites,sendingdebrisflying.TheUnitedStatessaidthatdebrisnow"threatenstheinterestsofallnations".Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基础解析】scenarion.设想；方案；预测【释】adescriptionofhowthingsmighthappeninthefuture【例】Letmesuggestapossiblescenario.我来设想一种可能出现的情况。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基础解析】cascadev.倾泻；流注【释】toflowdownwardsinlargeamounts【例】Watercascadeddownthemountainside.水从山腰倾泻而下。n.一连串【释】alargenumberofthingsfallingorcomingquicklyatthesametime【例】Ifonefirmgoesunderitcouldprovokeacascadeofbankruptcies.如果一家公司倒闭，可能会引起一连串的破产。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基础解析】collisionn.碰撞（或相撞）事故【释】anaccidentinwhichtwovehiclesorpeoplecrashintoeachother【例】acollisionbetweentwotrains两列火车相撞事故Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【拓展延伸】collide/kəˈlaɪd/v.①碰撞；相撞【释】Iftwopeople,vehicles,etc.collide,theycrashintoeachother;ifaperson,vehicle,etc.collideswithanother,orwithsththatisnotmoving,theycrashintoit.【例】Thecarcollidedhead-onwiththevan.那辆小轿车与货车迎面相撞。②严重不一致；冲突；抵触【释】todisagreestrongly【例】Theyregularlycollideoverpolicydecisions.他们经常在政策决策上发生冲突。SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【长难句分析】SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpace(主语)hasdeveloped(谓语)an"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"(宾语)thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbit(定语从句，修饰system)toextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem(todo不定式作目的状语).SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【基础解析】propulsionn.推动力；推进【释】theforcethatdrivessthforward【例】wind/steam/jetpropulsion风力/蒸汽/喷气推进SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【拓展延伸】1)propel/prəˈpel/v.驱使；迫使【释】toforcesbtomoveinaparticulardirectionortogetintoaparticularsituation【例】Furypropelledherintoaction.怒火驱使她行动起来。2)compel/kəmˈpel/v.强迫；迫使；使必须【释】toforcesbtodosth;tomakesthnecessary【例】Thelawcancompelfatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。NowNeumannisworkingonaplanwiththreeothercompaniestoturnspacejunkintofuelforthatpropulsionsystem.Japanesestart-upAstroscalehasalreadydemonstratedhowitcanusesatellitestocapturebitsofdebrisinspace.【基础解析】capturev.1)俘虏;捕获【释】Ifyoucapturesomeoneorsomething,youcatchthem,especiallyinawar.【例】Alliedtroopscapturedover300enemysoldiers.盟军俘虏了300多名敌方士兵。2)引起（注意、想象、兴趣）【释】tomakesbinterestedinsth【例】Theyusepuppetstocapturetheimaginationofyoungeraudiences.他们用木偶来启发小观众的想象力。3)（用图画、文章、电影等准确地）表达，刻画，描述【释】tosucceedinaccuratelyexpressingafeeling,anatmosphere,etc.inapicture,pieceofwriting,film/movie,etc.【例】Thearticlecapturedthemoodofthenation.这篇文章把国民的情绪把握得很准。Nanorocks,intheUS,isworkingonaplanusingadvancedroboticstostoreandcutupthatdebriswhileitisstillinorbit.AnotherUScompany,Cislunar,isdevelopingaspacefoundrytomeltdebrisintometalrods.AndNeumannSpace'spropulsionsystemcanusethosemetalrodsasfuel-theirsystemionisesthemetalwhichthencreatesthrusttomoveobjectsaroundorbit.【基础解析】thrustn.（发动机推动飞机、火箭等的）推力，驱动力【释】theforcethatisproducedbyanenginetopushaplane,rocket,etc.【例】Itprovidesthethrustthatmakesthecraftmoveforward.它提供了使飞机前进的推力。v.猛推；冲；搡；挤；塞【释】topushsth/sbsuddenlyorviolentlyinaparticulardirection;tomovequicklyandsuddenlyinaparticulardirection【例】Shethrustpasthimangrilyandleft.她气呼呼地从他身旁挤过去走了。ChiefexecutiveofficerHerveAstiersaidwhenNeumannwasapproachedtobepartofasupplychaintomeltmetalinspace,hethoughtitwasafuturisticplan,andwouldnotbe"aseasyasitlooks"."ButtheygotagrantfromNasasowebu