高考英语知识串讲

高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、LanguagePoints1.sharev.分享、合用:sharesthwithsbn.一份，股份sparea.业余的，备用的:sparetime，asparetirev.抽出，匀给:sparemefiveminutes/spareoneofsandwichesfortheboysparenoefforts:不遗余力sparenoexpense:不惜工本savev.节省，救出2.Hefeltluckytohavesurvivedthewar.3.withsbabout/oversth:和某人就某事争论arguefor/againststh:赞成/反对…Sbinto/outof(doing)sth:说服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listento+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)getsbtodosthhave+宾+宾补(todo/tobedone)5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语Soitis/waswith+另一主语6.should/oughtto/need/could/might/would+do/havedone7.except/but/exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwh-clausebesides/inadditionapartfrombutfor=without8.Thefirsttime+从句Forthefirsttime:作时间状语It’sthefirsttime+that-clause(完成时)thefirst+名词+todo9.mostmostofthe+n.(pl)/pron.themajorityof(the)mostly:主要地（状）10.beequaltosth:与…相等beequalto(doing)sth:胜任(做)某事equalsth:与…相等equalsbinsth:在…方面与某人匹敌11.compare…to/with…comparedto/with…12.agreatmanyseveral/twodozen/hundred+n.(pl.)(many)dozensofagreatmanyof+the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/twodozenof+pron.13.muchtoo+adj/adv(原级)toomuch+n.(u.)toomany+n.(pl.)14.没有被动态comeabout(主要用于疑问句、否定句)happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+takeplace(多表示有组织、有计划)breakout(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)occur(与happen通用)Itoccurstosbthat/todo…:某人突然想起…15.n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrasetodo:表将来With+宾+宾补doing:表正在进行Done:表过去16.强调句型的判断方法:如果将句子中的“itbe”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句.例:ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.二、语法专题──名词的考点1.考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词.2.考查名词的格，即’s所有格，of所有格或双重所有格.3.名词作定语.4.名词及名词短语的辨析.5.名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配.三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空1.名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而apeople指民族.其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如:exercise指锻炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如::event指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident指偶发事件；而accident指意外事件.最后还要注意近形词的区别，如:cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称).2.动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如:reply意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to，此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词.其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如:advise与persuade，前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果.最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法:动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；todo形式表示即将进行的动作等.3.形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如:clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反应快；wise指选择的正确等.此外，如wide与broad;strong与powerful;interesting与interested;exciting与excited等.二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如:close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”.三是注意同根副词的区别，如:hard与hardly，前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不.四是注意副词形式的形容词，如:friendly，lovely，lively实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用.五是注意形容词的位置区别，如:present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的.4.介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如:across，through，past，over为动作介词，across强调从表面横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等.此外，如above，over，on;with，by;of，to;to，for的区别.5.连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于:一是连词的意义，如:when，while与as;because，since与for;whether与if;though，as与although等.二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如:every/eachtime;thefirst/second…time;themoment;theminute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句.三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如:directly，immediately，instantly等.四是注意连词的词序，如:onlyif与ifonly，前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”.6.代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如:other，others，theother，theothers，another等；人称代词，如:one，it，that等和关系代词，如:which与that;which与as;whose与prep.+which/whom等.1.Doestheteacher____youtogohomethisweekend?A.allow B.consent C.agree D.approve2.Afterthebigfire，thehousewascompletely____.A.ruined B.destroyed C.damaged D.spoiled3.Thehuntersaidhewasluckytogetoutoftheforest____.A.living B.alive C.lively D.live4.____talkingwithhisGrandma，hewentawaywithoutsayingaword.A.Tiringwith B.Tiringof C.Tiredwith D.Tiredof5.It’snecessarytohavesome____knowledgeforthisjob.A.electric B.electrical C.elctron D.electricity6.Thephoto____onthewallwastakeninBeijinglastyear.A.hang B.hanging C.hung D.hanged7.OnNewYear’sDay，people，especiallygirls，alwayswearnew____-newhats，newcoats，newtrousersandnewshoes.A.clothes B.clothing C.cloth D.cloths8.Hestaysup____intheeveningstogoonlinetogetthe____information.A.late，latest B.lately，last C.late，last D.latest，latest9.____isittoaskheraboutheraboutthat?Shedoesn’tknowiteither.A.Whatgood B.HowgoodC.WhatagoodD.Howmuchgood10.____IhaddoneitIknewIhadmadeamistake.A.Hardly B.Directly C.mostly D.Nearly11.ItissaidyouwenttoseeJennyyesterday.Whathasbecome___her?A.from B.of C.into D./12.Whodoyouthinkwillbeallowed____theretomorrow?A.visit B.tovisit C.visiting D.visited13.TodaywecaneitherflytoHainanIslandortakeaship___thesea.A.in B.across C.fromin D.acrossfrom14.Youwilfindwhatgreatbenefitthecomputeryouowncanbe____eachtimeyouuseittohelpyouwork.A.for B.of C.at D.on15.Ithoughthewasnot____ofaprofessorthefirsttimeIheardhimspeakingtothechildrenattheplatforminthehallofourschool.A.something B.anything C.somebody D.anybody16.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection17.____studentshavegraduatedfromthisschoolinthelasttwentyyears.A.Tensofthousandsof B.TensuponthousandsofC.Tensinthousands D.Tenthousandsof18.Thefarmersplantoproducethreetimes____intheyearbeforelasttomeettheincreasingneedofthepeople.A.ofcropasmuchthisyearas B.asmuchcropthisyearasC.asmorecropthisyearas D.muchcropthisyearthan19.Ithinkthehouseis____largeforafamilyoffourpeopleandthepriceisveryreasonable.A.too B.rather C.fairly D.alittle20.Hismotherdislikeshim，forhe____lies.A.tells B.isalwaystelling C.hastold D.alwaystold1-5ABBDB6-10BBAAB11-15BBDBB16-20BABCB第2讲一、Languagepoints1.sb./sth.+adj/nsb./sth.+todoconsider(以为，认为)＋sb./sth.+asthat-clausen.consider(考虑)＋doing疑问词+todosth“把…当作…”的译法:consider…as=thinkof/lookon/take/regard/treat/have…as2.todoAway+ofdoing(that/inwhich)+定语从句AmethodofdoingsthbythismeansYoucansolvetheproblem+withthismethodinthiswaybymeansof:通过…方式，以…手段bythis/thatmeans:通过这种/那种方式byallmeans:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请bynomeans:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）3.protect…(from)doingsthprevent/stop…(from)doingsthkeep…fromdoingkeep…doingunderthepotectionof…4.aswellaswellasmight/mayaswell=hadbetter5.todospecially+for-phraseespecially6.alongtheriver:沿着河流overtheriver:在河的正上方throughtheforest:穿过森林bytheriver:在河边onthebank:在河岸上7.followtheinstructionsfollowone’sadviceasfollows8.beresponsibletosbforsth9.n.doing/todosthsbtodosthprefer+sthtosthdoingAtodoingBtodoAratherthandosththatsb(should)dosth10.n.+after+n.=one+n.+afteranother一个接一个（强调动作的重复）n.+by+n.:一个接一个（强调动作的变化）treeaftertree/daybyday11.say“hi”tosb.Pleaseremembermetosb.向“某人”问好Sendmyregardstosb.Sendthebestwishestosb.12.主+be+adj.+todo:不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词.主+be+adj.+todo=Itbe+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todostheg.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.=It’sdifficulttoanswerthequestion.Themanishardtoworkwith.=It’shardtoworkwiththeman.当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式.Eg.Hewantswatertodrink.Shehasaroomtolivein.IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere?二、语法专题──冠词的考点1.考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如:复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指.2.考查冠词的习惯用法.如:incaseoffire，bewoundedintheleg，onthetelephone，leavecollege等.3.考查冠词的活用.如:抽象名词的具体化，asuccess;a/an+专有名词表泛指，anEdison.4.考查零冠词的用法.三、题型归纳──结构型单项填空结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断.有省略的复合句.由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解.标点符号的影响.由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构.插入语的影响.有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解.倒装句型的基本结构:(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装:1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词＋主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were，had，和should应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子:may+主语+动词原形；5）as，though引导让步状语从句时:提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当notuntil+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）notonly…butalso…连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）nosooner…tham…，hardly…when…，scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当nosooner，hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装.10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构.强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用.独立主格结构.1)n+todo;2)n+doing;3)n+done;4)n+prep.+n.;5)n+adj/adv;6)n+n;7)with+n+todo/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.1.Hesaidhewoulddowhathecould____us.A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped2.Hespentallthemoneyhehad____thatdictionary.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.bought3.Therearemorethanthreethousandstudentsinmyschool，mostof____fromthecountry.A.that B.which C.whom D.them4.Itishiscleverness，nothisstrenth，____defeatedhisrival.A.that B.which C.what D.who5.Thewayyouthinkof_____ourlivingconditionssoundsreasonable.A.improve B.toimprove C.improving D.improvement6.Ifeelstronglythatwhateveryou____mattertome.A.don’t B.dodoesn’t C.don’tdo D.doesn’tdo7.Isthisschool____youstudiedintwoyearsago?A.that B.when C.it D.theone8.Pleasetellmethewaythoughtof____thegarden.A.takecareof B.totakecareof C.takingcareof D.howtotakecareof9.MrWangwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinehehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itrepaired B.toberepaired C.repaired D.repairing10.Wewilldoeverythingwecan____ourcity.A.tosave B.save C.saving D.saved11.TheairqualityinBeijingaswellasintheneighboringcitiesweoncespentmuchtime____betterandbetter.A.ingetting B.havinggot C.inisgetting D.hasgot12.Whodidtheteacher，aswellasthemonitor，____anarticleforthewallnewspaper?A.haswrite B.haswritten C.havewrite D.havewritten13.Whatdoyouconsider____toher?A.tohappen B.happening C.happened D.happens14.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto____someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup B.settingup C.havesetup D.havingsetup15.Tohisjoy，thedayhelookedforwardto____atlast?A.coming B.come C.came D.havecome16.Howlongdoyouthinkitis____shearrivedhere?A.when B.that C.before D.since1-5BCDAB6-10BDBCA11-16CCCBCD第3讲一、Languagepoints1.owesbsth=owesthtosb:欠某人某物owesthtosb/sth:将…归功于…owingto…:由于…＝thanksto/becauseof/dueto…2.thinkhighly/poorly/little/alot+ofsb/sthspeakhighly/well/badly+ofsb/sthsinghighpraiseforsb/sth3.apologizetosbfor(doing)sthmakeanapologytosbfor(doing)sthexcusesbfor(doing)sthforgivesbfor(doing)sthpardonsbfor(doing)sth4.makeanimpressiononsbhaveanimpressionofsthimpresssthon/uponone’smindserveinthearmyontheofficeservethepeople/thedishservesbwithsth=servesthtosbserveasthechairmanmakejokesabout:取笑，拿…开玩笑＝makeajokeaboutlaughat:嘲笑haveajokewithsb:开某人的玩笑playajokeonsb=playtricksonsb:戏弄injoke:闹着玩，开玩笑7.todoIt’stime+forsthForsbtodosthThat-clause（一般过去时）8.theone/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些one:替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指it:指上文提到的同一个事物that:替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词9.none:用来回答howmany/howmuch引导的问句，常与of连用noone:只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句neither:两者都不，表单数nothing:用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句10.cloth布(u.):apieceofcloth表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）:Wipeupthewaterwithacloth.clothes:衣服，服装.是一个没有单数形式的复数名词:Asuitofclothes注:不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many，few，his，my，thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数.clothing:服装，衣着.是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数.Apieceofclothing，anartcleofclothingdress:指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙.suit:成套的衣服.11.live:活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的lively:活泼的，有生气的，生动的alive:活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语living:活着，健在的，现行的12.receive:收到，接到(客观动作)；accept:接受，领受(主观意愿)接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人:只用receive接受某条件、建议:只用acceptturn+adj:常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象Theweatherhasturnedmuchcolder.go+adj:常表示由好变坏的情况:Themilkwentwrong/bad.become+adj:强调施动者的作用或变化的结果Pleasedon’tgetangry.come+adj:一般表示向好的方面变化.Mydreamhascometrue.14.含有插入语的疑问句:Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?Howdoyousupposethefilmwillend?Whydoyoubelieveheisunfitfortheoffice?15.主从复合句的反意疑问句:疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we，谓语是think/suppose/believe/hope/imagine/expect/guess/know/feel/besure/betold时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气.Shethinkitisagoodidea，doesn’tshe?Ithinkitisagoodidea，isn’tit?Idon’tthinkitisagoodidea，isit?二、语法专题──代词的考点1.不定代词:(1)all，any，none，both，either，neither;(2)another，other，theother，others，theothers;(3)复合不定代词:someone，anyone，everyone，noone;something，anything，everything，nothing.2.it的用法:(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词this，that.(2)it作引导词:作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型.3.替代词one，ones，theone，theones，that，those的用法.4.人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致.三、题型归纳──习语、搭配型单项填空语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果，不能随意改变.其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面.习语、搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语习语及搭配的掌握和运用，这就需要在平时多加注意和积累，切不可想当然.1.介词后的宾语:介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要注意一些习惯用法.如:farfromsatisfied/over;takesthforgranted;inhospital与inthehospital;atsea与atthesea.2.冠词的增删:固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变化.如:inprison与intheprison;inbed与onthebed;inschool与intheschool;inpossessionof与inthepossessionof;inchargeof与inthechargeof;infrontof与inthefrontof.3.非谓语动词短语的考查重点:一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法.另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配.如:tobetrue;totellyouthetruth;tobeexact;judgingby/from;exactlyspeaking;franklyspeaking;comparedto/with等.4.动词的搭配.如:meantodosth/meandoingsth;forgettodosth/forgetdoingsth;beusedtodoingsth/usedtodosth;headfor/goto;lendto/borrowfrom;setabout/setout;writedown/takedown/putdown等.5.动词短语.如:haveacold/catchcold;takeplace/takeone’splace等.6.短语动词.如:runout/runoutof;stickto/keepon;bringin/bringon等.7.形容词短语.如:bestrictwith/in;differentfrom/in;becarefulof/with等.8.名词短语.如:thenumberof/anumberof;aknowledgeof等.1.Nomatterwhatyousee，don’ttakeitfor____，butuseyourheadtothinkitover.A.grant B.granting C.granted D.grantness2.Whenwriting，heoftenkeepsadictionary____.A.inhand B.onhand C.athand D.handin3.Hiswifeoftengoesto____onSundays.A.church B.achurch C.thechurch D.churching4.Itisgoodforyouinyourfuturelife____English.A.havegoodknowledgeof B.tohavegoodknowledgeofC.tohaveagoodknowledgeof D.hasagoodknowledgeof5.____whathesaid，hehasbeentoAustralia.A.Judgeby B.Judgedby C.Judgingfrom D.Tojudgefrom6.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothersandaskingfornothing____.A.inreturn B.incase C.inaddition D.inturn7.Theyheldaceremony____thosekilledinthebattle.A.insteadof B.infavorof C.bymeansof D.inhonorof8.Theman____theshopsaidwecouldhavetwodaysoff.A.inchargeof B.inthechargeofC.takechargeof D.takethechargeof9.WhentheygottoAmerica，theynearly____money.A.ranout B.ranoutof C.ranaway D.ranawayfrom10.WordcamethatBrown____therecordinyesterday’smatch.A.made B.stroke C.beat D.hit11.Look，littleBettyisgivingatalktothechildrenandis____ateacher.A.somebodyof B.anybodylikeC.somethingof D.likeanything12.MrWangisveryold，butheworkslikeayoungman.Indeed，Ican’tadmirehim____.A.verymuch B.sowell C.toomuch D.quitewell1-6CCACCA7-12DABCCC第4讲一、Languagepoints1.sthsthforsthprepare+forsthtodosthbepreparedforbepreparedtodosthmakepreparationsforTheytiedforfirstplaceinthegame.Wetiedwiththevisitingteaminthebasketballmatch.Thedogistiedtoatree.3.affectvt.影响effectn.效果，作用haveagood/badeffectonineffect事实上causeandeffect因果takeeffect生效，起作用comeintoeffect生效，实行effortn.努力withouteffort毫不费力makeeveryeffort尽一切努力sparenoeffort不遗余力weighvt.称…的重量vi.重达…，重量为…putonweightloseweightbyweightinmeters/pounds/caloriesbytheday/theweek/theyard/thedozen/thetonin…参加…比赛compete+with/against…与…竞赛/竞争for…角逐…，为获取…而竞赛Wherethereisariver，thereisacity.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.Wherethereislife，thereishope.dosthnotdosthdosththandosthwouldrather+=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosththat-clause+did──表现在或将来haddone──表过去dodamagetosthliveone’sdreaminruins/inpiecesunderattack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatmentalmost:差距比nearly小.可与never，no，noone，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定词连用，但不能与not连用.nearly:不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成Not…nearly，意为“远非…，远不及…”二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点1.形容词和副词的辨析:一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累.我们应注意这几点:(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能.如therefore意为“所以”，在句中起关联作用.(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨.常见的有:close接近──closely仔细地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近──nearly几乎；hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；wide宽阔──widely广泛地；easy从容地──easily容易地(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同.换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性.常见的有:early，straight，slow，enough，fast，hard，long，firm等.2.形容词和副词的词序:(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后.例:enoughtime/timeenough;strongenough.(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，somethingimportant.(3)as，how，so，too修饰单数名词时，其词序为:as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，toolargearoom;howinterestingafilm;MikeisascleveraboyasTom.(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为:such+a/an+adj.+n.，suchalargeroom;但名词前是one，some，many，all，no等修饰时，其词序为:one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n..(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为:县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用途＋被修饰名词.限定词包括:前位限定词，如:倍数词、分数词及all，both，half，double等；中位限定词，如:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some，any，no，every，each，either，neither，enough，much，whose等；后位限定词，如:基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few，last，next，other，another，more，less，most，several，least，plentyof等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序:前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词.(6)倍数的表示法:AisntimesbiggerthanB.asbigasthesizeofJohnhasfivetimesasmanybooksasmine.3.形容词和副词的比较等级:(1)当A>B时，比较级＋than(2)当A>B，且B包含A时Heisolderthananyoftheotherboys(=anyotherboy)inhisclass.当A>B，但B不包含A时Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.I’mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.(3)比较级＋and＋比较级:表示自身的变化The＋比较级，the＋比较级:表示随之变化.(4)“否定词＋谓语＋比较级”相当于最高级I’veneverseenanicerbirdthanthisone.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有:cpmparative(ly)，relative(ly)，particular(ly)，special(ly)，excellent(ly)，extreme(ly)，perfect(ly)，complete(ly)等.(6)more+原级+than:与其说…不如说….(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有:any，even，far，much，rather，still，yet，abit，alittle，alot，byfar，但不可加very，many，more，fairly，quite(但quitebetter除外).4.形容词和副词的成分区别:(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头):afraid，alike，alive，alone，ashamed，asleep，awake，ill，well，若要作定语，则分别改用frightened，similar，living，lone，shy，sleeping，waking，sick，healthy;有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语.(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语.Hehurriedhome，fulloffear./Allmenallcreatedequal.三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是:如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的.然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项.常见的题型有:(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境:有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级.1.----Why?Tom，yourshirtissodirty?----Mom，I____mystoreroomdownstairs.A.cleaned B.havecleaned C.wascleaningD.havebeencleaning2.----IthinkGorgedoesn’treallycareforTVplays.----Right，____hestillwatchestheprogram.A.and B.but C.or D.so3.Ifyoucan’tcometomorrow，we’ll____havetoholdthemeetingnextweek.A.yet B.even C.rather D.just4.I’mgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourbrotherthere?A.totake B.tobetaken C.taken D.take5.Wearesureeverythinghere____bythetimeyoucomebackfromabroadinafewyears.A.hadchanged B.willhavechanged C.hadbeenchanged D.willhavebeenchanged6.Hello，you____323-65668.I’msorrybutI’munabletoansweryourcallrightnow.A.reached B.arereaching C.havereached D.hadreached7.Themeetingisnotover，andyou____notleave.A.will B.shall C.may D.need8.HadIlearntEnglishwell，I____theinterviewforthejobtomorrow.A.wouldtakeB.wouldhavetakenC.shalltakeD.couldbetaken9.Bobis____honestboy，andhewon’ttelllies.A.most B.themost C.amost D.verymuch10.Withthedoctor’streatment，Sallyfeels____betternow.A.very B.fairly C.so D.quite11.Thoughtheshipsunk，allthepeopleonher____beresuced.A.could B.should C.hadto D.wereableto12.Wewillallappreciate____youcancometojoinusindevelopingmyhometown.A.thatif B.itif C.itthat D.thatwhen13.____hesaidtousyesterday____true?A.Whatcan，was B.Thatcan，wasC.Canwhat，be D.Canthat，be14.HetoldmethathewouldrememberthedaysinBeijingUniversityforever____hegotmuchhelptherefromProfessorZhu.A.where B.which C.that D.when15.____iswhathedid，notwhathesaid，thatmovedusgreatly.A.It B.This C.Which D.As1-5DBDBD6-10BBACD11-15DBCDA第5讲一、Languagepoints1.sth:与…一致/符合sb:同意某人withone’sidea/opinion同意某人的意见whatsbsaid(观点，所说的话)toon’splan/arrangement/suggestionagree同意某人的计划、安排、意见about/on/uponsth同意做某事todosththat-clause2.of/aboutsth提醒remindsbtodosththat-clause使人回忆起…3.add…to…:把…加上(在)…addto=increase:增添，增进addup(to):加(起来是)，总计达…4.successn.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事succeedv.successfula.successfullyad.besuccessfulin(doing)sthsucceedindoingsth成功做某事havesuccessindoingsthSb/sthisasuccess.be/stay/keep+intouchwith表状态beoutoftouchwithgetintouchwith表动作losetouchwith6.incaseof+短语incase+从句innocase决不inanycase无论如何inthatcase如果那样expensive/cheapvaluable/valuelesspriceless=veryexpensive:无价的respond(vi)+to…:对…回应with/by:以…(方式)回答，响应resonse(n.)beharmfultosb/sthdosb/sthharmdoharmtosb/sthdosb/sthgooddogoodtosb/sthdieout:(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝；(习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭dieaway:(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失)diedown:(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失dieoff:先后死去了；…死去dieof:死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等)diefrom:死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)11.asa/theresultof:由于…asaresult:结果，因此resultfrom:因…而引起resultin=cause:导致，致使…takemeasurestodosth:采取措施makeclothestoone’sownmeasure:量体裁衣late:晚，迟，不久前lately=recently:近来last:最后，最后的latest:最近的，最新的later:后来；结构常为:一段时间＋later:过了…之后adapttosth/sb:适应某物/某人adaptsth/sbtosth/sb:使某物/某人适应某物/某人adaptoneselfto:使自己适应某事adaptfrom:根据…改写/改编adapt:指修改或改变以适应新条件Youshouldadaptyourselftthenewenvironment.adjust:是指“调整、调节”使之适应Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyesfit:多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”Theshoesfittedmewell.suit:多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等Nodishsuitsalltaste.match:指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称Aredjacketdoesn’tmatchgreentrousers.adoptsb:收养sth:采用devoteoneself/time/lifetolookforwardtodoingsthbe/getusedtostickto/getdownto/objecttofreeofchargeforfreebefreefromsetsb/sthfreebyforce:靠武力，强行beinforce:生效come/gointoforce:生效forceone’sway:强行前进或进入It’sone’sturntodosth:轮到某人干某事takeone’sturn:依次，轮到某人inturn:依次，轮流，反过来，转而byturns:轮流，交替taketurns(at)doingsth/todosth:轮流干某事二、语法专题──介词的考点1.常用介词的意义区别(1)表示时间at+时间点:在…时刻，在…点钟，在…岁时on+某天或某天的某个时间:在某日、星期几、某日早中晚等in+时间段:在…期间，在…以后，在…时间内by+时间:在…之前，不迟于…，常与完成时连用(2)表示方位:in/on/to/off(3)表示部位on+thehead/shoulder/back/nose:表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位in+theface/ear/stomach/eye::表示拍打较软或凹形的部位by+thearm/hand/nose:表示牵、拉、抓某部位(4)表示之间:between/among(5)表示方式by:乘…(交通工具)，通过…(方法)，常接无冠词名词或动名词with:以…工具/手段，用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具in:表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等through:通过…途径/方式/方法(6)表示穿越through:表示从物体里面穿过，还可表示沿着街道、河流走across:表示从物体表面经过，还可表示横过街道、河流over:表示从物体上方越过，还可表示挎在肩上2.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句3.with的复合结构4.含有介词的固定搭配①有无冠词，意义不同infrontof/inthefrontofinchargeof/inthechargeofoutofquestion/outofthequestionattable/atthetableonearth/ontheearth②有无介词，意义不同knowsb.认识某人/knowaboutsb.了解某人shootsb.击中某人/shootatsb.向某人射击searchsb.搜身/searchforsb.搜寻某人believesb.相信某人的话/believeinsb.信任某人的人格benefitsb.使某人受益/benefitfromsb.从某人那里得到益处③不要画蛇添足serveforthepeople为人民服务enterintotheroom进入房间followbehindme跟在我后面atthemoment……就…inthis/that/last/nextyear今年/那年/去年/明年inone/any/each/every/some/allyear一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年marrywithsb.与某人结婚gotoabroad出国liveinupstairs住在楼上④不要张冠李戴becaughtintherain被雨淋着（不用by）leaveforsomeplace动身去某地（不用to）setanexampletosb为某人树立榜样（不用for）inthedirection朝着…方向（不用to）doafavorforsb帮某人一个忙（不用to）differentfrom和…不同（不用with）withthehelpof在…的帮助下（不用under）stealsthfromsb偷某人的东西（不用of）⑤别丢三落四dropinonsb拜访某人（别丢了on）dropinatsomeplace参观某地（别丢了at）lookdownupon瞧不起（别丢了upon）thinkof…as认为…是（别丢了of）lookon…as认为…是（别丢了on）rxplaintosbsth向某人解释某事（别丢了to）frombehindthedoor从门后面（别丢了behind）beworthlisteningto值得一听（别丢了to）三、题型归纳──逻辑型单项填空这类题型主要从句子的形式、句子的意义来考查对英语句子的把握和理解情况，具体表现在主谓一致、意义一致、人称一致、非谓语动词及介词的逻辑主语一致等方面.1.QiongYaowithherworks____verypopularwithusyoungpeople.A.be B.are C.were D.become2.WhatIlikebest，totellyouthetruth，____，inmyopinion，thebooksmybrotherboughtmeasmybirthdaypresentlastweek.A.are B.is C.have D.existed3.Theteachertoldusthatpractice____perfect.A.make B.makes C.made D.making4.Hurryup，ifyou____therewithus.A.go B.willgo C.wouldgo D.couldgo5.Attheageofseven，____.A.hisfatherdied B.helosthisfatherC.hisdogfollowedhim D.hisparentsdivorced6.____，hismothersawhimplayinggameswithotherchildren.A.Onhiswayhome B.FromhisroomC.Fromheroffice D.Underhisnose7.Shehaslongbeenexpectingachancetostudyabroadandatlastshegot____.A.it B.that C.another D.one8.Ifastudentcanmakewhathasbeenlear