初中英语句子成分

一、句子成分1精品PPT|实用可编辑第一页，共五十七页。概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。2精品PPT|实用可编辑第二页，共五十七页。主语（subject）:

句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）

3精品PPT|实用可编辑第三页，共五十七页。Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.

（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

形式主语真正主语

It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree4精品PPT|实用可编辑第四页，共五十七页。在个别句型中，为了避免头重脚轻，这时前面用it

作形式主语。如：

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythe

game.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.5精品PPT|实用可编辑第五页，共五十七页。1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！6精品PPT|实用可编辑第六页，共五十七页。找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测7精品PPT|实用可编辑第七页，共五十七页。配色花哨文字多套用模板套用模板逻辑不清内容空洞太土太杂太乱太繁“”精品PPT·实用可编辑第八页，共五十七页。谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.9精品PPT|实用可编辑第九页，共五十七页。Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,可以有各种时态和语态。（p13）10精品PPT|实用可编辑第十页，共五十七页。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.情态动词\助动词+

v11精品PPT|实用可编辑第十一页，共五十七页。Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.

祈使句：

1.省略主语you

2.谓语动词用原形12精品PPT|实用可编辑第十二页，共五十七页。谓语动词有两种：

实义动词：meet\move\see\finish\pick.....

系动词：be(am\is\are.....)13精品PPT|实用可编辑第十三页，共五十七页。其它系动词感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续：remain,stay,keep

14精品PPT|实用可编辑第十四页，共五十七页。谓语总结：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当(实义动词和系动词）15精品PPT|实用可编辑第十五页，共五十七页。表语（predicative）：说明主语是什么或怎么样，位于系动词后面。MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.Thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.TheForbiddenCityisatthecentreofBeijing.Myhappinessistoservepeopleheartandsoul.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Mybeliefisthatourcountrywillbecomestrongerandstronger.16精品PPT|实用可编辑第十六页，共五十七页。宾语（object）：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。

IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?17精品PPT|实用可编辑第十七页，共五十七页。介词后面的宾语：介宾注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she18精品PPT|实用可编辑第十八页，共五十七页。Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：

双宾19精品PPT|实用可编辑第十九页，共五十七页。双宾语可以进行下面的改写:(p10)

MrWangteachesusEnglish.----MrWangteachesEnglishtous.

Mumboughtmeagift.----Mumboughtagiftforme.20精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十页，共五十七页。划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

21精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十一页，共五十七页。IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语22精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十二页，共五十七页。宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。（补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征）23精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十三页，共五十七页。Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.24精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十四页，共五十七页。Shecame．ShelikesEnglish.Sheishappy．ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.25精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十五页，共五十七页。定语:用来修饰名词或代词。

Theblackbikeismine.

What’syourname?

TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.

Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.

ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.26精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十六页，共五十七页。状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件

Hediditcarefully.Theymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.27精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十七页，共五十七页。PPT内容概述一、句子成分。精品PPT|实用可编辑。精品PPT|实用可编辑。注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,。变化：become,get,turn,。go,come,grow。持续：remain,stay,keep。说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。but,however,。基本结构 be+动词的过去分词。A.hascompleted B.completes。56第二十八页，共五十七页。Hetoldme

thenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语when

hewasleavingforParis.宾语从句29精品PPT|实用可编辑第二十九页，共五十七页。thepeople

surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语intheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whosesonswereatwar.主语从句定语从句30精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十页，共五十七页。That

is

thefact.表语what

heneeds.why

hewaslate.because

hewasill.表语从句31精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十一页，共五十七页。Heworked

inthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhenhelivedthere地点状语从句时间状语从句32精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十二页，共五十七页。指出下列各从句的类型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.宾语从句状语从句定语从句33精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十三页，共五十七页。二、句子类型34精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十四页，共五十七页。1主语＋谓语Shecame.2主语＋谓语＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.3主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy.4主语＋谓语+间宾+直宾Shegavemeabook．

5主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语

Shemakeshermotherangry.

简单句的五种基本句型35精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十五页，共五十七页。并列句常用并列连词

平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:

选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,but,however,for,soor,either..or,neither..nor36精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十六页，共五十七页。用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

2.MrWangisaboss.Hehirestwosecretaries.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.MrWangisaboss,andhehirestwosecretaries.37精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十七页，共五十七页。动词的时态和语态38精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十八页，共五十七页。谓语I.时态

现在 1)Hedoesn’tworkinthisfactory.2)IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting-room now?3)TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready.4)WehavebeenlearningEnglishforalmosttwoyearssinceMr.Browntaughtus.39精品PPT|实用可编辑第三十九页，共五十七页。过去1)Ididn’tgothereforsomefoodyesterday.2)TheyweredoingtheirhomeworkwhenIenteredtheirclassroom. 3)Beforehearrivedatthecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfourminutes.4)Hesaidhewouldcomeheretohelpus.40精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十页，共五十七页。将来

1)WilltheyvisitthemuseumnextSunday?2)Iwillbewaitingforyouattheschoolgateat5o’clocktomorrowevening.3)Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytheendofnextmonth.41精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十一页，共五十七页。II.语态基本结构 be+动词的过去分词现在 1)Ourbedroomisoftenkeptcleaneveryday.2)Isourcar

beingrepairedinthegaragenow?3)Thebuildingovertherehasbeenbuilt.42精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十二页，共五十七页。过去1)Was

thisdictionaryboughtlastTuesday?2)Theperformancewasbeinggiveninthe streetwhenIwaspassingby.3)TheoperationhadbeencarriedoutonTombeforehisparentsgottothehospital.4)Themanagersaidthatthegoodswouldbesenttothechain-shopsassoonaspossible.将来1)Anewchemicalfactorywillbebuiltamongthehillsfarawayfromourtown.43精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十三页，共五十七页。被动语态44精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十四页，共五十七页。高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC45精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十五页，共五十七页。3.Booksofthiskind_____well.(99上海)A.sell B.sells C.aresold D.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose说明：sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write等。说明：losejob为“失业”，job只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB46精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十六页，共五十七页。5.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明：bytheendof短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB47精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十七页，共五十七页。7.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____whenhetriedtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killed B.iskilled C.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiledchild.(2002上海)A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblame C.istobeblamed D.shouldblame说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA48精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十八页，共五十七页。9.Rainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C49精品PPT|实用可编辑第四十九页，共五十七页。(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

50精品PPT|实用可编辑第五十页，共五十七页。精品PPT·收集整理第五十一页，共五十七页。(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

52精品PPT|实用可编辑第五十二页，共五十七页。三)

挑出下列句中的宾语

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

53精品PPT|实用可编辑第五十三页，共五十七页。(四)

挑出下列句中的表语

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

54精品PPT|实用可编辑第五十四页，共五十七页。(五)

挑出下列句中的定语①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

A

B

C

D

②

What

is

your

given

name?

A

B

C

D

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

A

B

C

D

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

A

B

C

D

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

A

B

C

D

55精品PPT|实用可编辑第五十五页，共五十七页。(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①

She