高中化学方程式

方程式素材库（共55页）

总目录

一、无机化学方程式

二、热化学方程式

三、有机反应方程式

四、离子方程式

五、电极方程式

分目录表

一、无机化学方程式..............................................................6

A...............................................................................................................................................6

Ag.....................................................................................................................................6

Al......................................................................................................................................6

Al..............................................................................................................................6

A，03、A1(OH)3......................................................7

铝盐.................................................................7

As......................................................................7

旦............................................................................7

Ba......................................................................7

Be......................................................................8

Br.......................................................................8

C............................................................................8

C.......................................................................8

C...................................................................8

CO..................................................................9

CO2.................................................................9

Ca......................................................................10

Cl......................................................................10

Cu.....................................................................10

F...........................................................................11

F2......................................................................11

Fe......................................................................11

Fe..................................................................11

FeQ................................................................12

FC2Q3...............................................................12

£0304...............................................................12

Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)3...................................................12

FeC”...............................................................12

FeCh...............................................................12

FeS................................................................13

其它Fe化合物......................................................13

H...........................................................................13

Hz.....................................................................13

Hg.....................................................................13

HF..........................................................................................................................................14

HC1.........................................................................................................................................14

HBr.........................................................................................................................................14

HI...........................................................................................................................................14

H2O........................................................................................................................................14

H2O2.......................................................................................................................................15

H2s.........................................................................................................................................15

H2co3....................................................................................................................................15

HC1O......................................................................................................................................15

HNO3......................................................................................................................................15

H3Po4.....................................................................................................................................16

H2sO3.....................................................................................................................................16

H2sO4.....................................................................................................................................17

1.......................................................................................................................................................18

K......................................................................................................................................................18

K..............................................................................................................................................18

.0、K2O2............................................................................................................................18

KOH.......................................................................................................................................18

K2CO3....................................................................................................................................18

KHCO3...................................................................................................................................19

KCIO3.....................................................................................................................................19

KI...........................................................................................................................................19

KA1(SO&)2..............................................................................................................................19

KMnCU...................................................................................................................................19

KSCN.....................................................................................................................................20

KH..........................................................................................................................................20

L......................................................................................................................................................20

Li............................................................................................................................................20

Li2O........................................................................................................................................20

LiOH......................................................................................................................................20

U2CO3..................................................................20

LiHCCh.................................................................20

M..........................................................................21

Mg.....................................................................21

MgO...................................................................21

Mg(OH)2...............................................................21

MgCCh.................................................................21

Mg(HCO3)2.............................................................21

MgSCU..................................................................22

MnCh...................................................................22

N...........................................................................22

N2.....................................................................22

NO、NO2、N2O5........................................................22

NH3....................................................................23

NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3...................................................23

NH4cl..................................................................23

NH4NO3................................................................24

(NH4)2SO3、(NHQ2SO4...................................................24

Na、NazO、NazCh.......................................................24

NaH....................................................................24

NaOH..................................................................25

NaAlCh.................................................................25

NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、Nai...............................................25

Na2cO3、NaHCCh.......................................................26

NaNO?、NaNCh.........................................................26

Na3Po4、NaH2Po4、NazHPOd.............................................26

NazS、NaHS............................................................26

Na2so4、Na2so3、Na2s2O3...............................................27

NazSiCh.................................................................27

C6H5ONa...............................................................27

O......................................................................................................................................................27

O2...........................................................................................................................................27

O3...........................................................................................................................................28

P.....................................................................................................................................................28

P.............................................................................................................................................28

P2O3、P2O5...........................................................................................................................................................................28

Pb、PbCh..............................................................................................................................29

铅盐....................................................................29

R......................................................................................................................................................29

S......................................................................................................................................................29

S.............................................................................................................................................29

SO2.........................................................................................................................................30

SO3.........................................................................................................................................30

Si............................................................................................................................................31

SiOg........................................................................................................................................31

Z......................................................................................................................................................31

Zn...........................................................................................................................................31

ZnO........................................................................................................................................32

Zn（OH）2................................................................................................................................32

二、热化学方程式...............................................................32

B......................................................................................................................................................32

C......................................................................................................................................................32

H......................................................................................................................................................33

N......................................................................................................................................................33

P......................................................................................................................................................34

S......................................................................................................................................................34

三、有机反应方程式.............................................................34

（一）、烷/..................................................................34

（二）、烯/..................................................................34

（三）、蝠..................................................................35

（四）、芳香芳................................................................35

（五）、石油..................................................................35

（六）、卤代烽................................................................35

（七）、醇类..................................................................36

（八）、酚类..................................................................36

（九）、醛类..................................................................36

（十）、竣酸..................................................................37

..一）、糖类................................................................37

（十二）、油脂................................................................38

（十三）、氨基酸..............................................................38

四、离子反应方程式.............................................................39

A......................................................................................................................................................39

Al............................................................................................................................................39

Ag...........................................................................................................................................40

As...........................................................................................................................................40

B.....................................................................................................................................................40

Ba...........................................................................................................................................40

Br............................................................................................................................................41

C.....................................................................................................................................................41

C.............................................................................................................................................41

Ca...........................................................................................................................................41

Cl............................................................................................................................................42

CN..........................................................................................................................................42

Cr............................................................................................................................................42

Cu...........................................................................................................................................43

CxHyOz................................................................................................................................43

F.....................................................................................................................................................43

Fz............................................................................................................................................43

Fe............................................................................................................................................44

H.....................................................................................................................................................45

H+...........................................................................................................................................45

H2O........................................................................................................................................45

H2O2.......................................................................................................................................45

H2co3系列.............................................................45

H3Po4系列.............................................................46

H2s系列...............................................................46

H2sCh系列.............................................................47

1.......................................................................................................................................................47

L.....................................................................................................................................................47

M....................................................................................................................................................47

Mg..........................................................................................................................................47

Mn..........................................................................................................................................48

N.....................................................................................................................................................48

Na...........................................................................................................................................48

NN3系列...............................................................48

NO.、NO3二.............................................................49

O.....................................................................................................................................................49

P.....................................................................................................................................................49

S.....................................................................................................................................................50

S.............................................................................................................................................50

Si............................................................................................................................................50

Z......................................................................................................................................................51

五、电极反应方程式.............................................................51

（一）、原电池电极反应方程式.................................................51

1.Cu—H2s04—Zn原电池..............................................51

2.Cu—FeCb—C原电池................................................51

3.钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀...................................52

4.氢氧燃料电池（中性介质）..........................................52

5.氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质）..........................................52

6.氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质）..........................................52

7.铅蓄电池（放电）..................................................52

8.Al—NaOH—Mg原电池.............................................53

9.CH4燃料电池（碱性介质）.............................................53

10.熔融碳酸盐燃料电池...............................................53

11.银锌纽扣电池（碱性介质）............................................53

（二）、电解电极反应方程式...................................................53

1.电解CuC12溶液.....................................................53

2.电解精炼铜.........................................................54

3.电镀铜.............................................................54

4.电解饱和食盐水....................................................54

5.电解HC1溶液......................................................54

6.电解NaOH溶液....................................................54

7.电解H2s。4溶液....................................................54

8.电解KNCh溶液....................................................55

9.电解CuSO4溶液....................................................55

10.电解AgNCh溶液..................................................55

11.铅蓄电池充电......................................................55

正文部分

一、无机化学方程式

A

Ag

Ag+2HNCh（浓）=AgNO3+NO2T+H2O

2Agel=2Ag+CbT（见光或受热）

AgNO3+NaCl=AgClj+NaNO3AgNO3+NaBr=AgBr；+NaNO3

AgNCh+Nai=Agl]+NaNO?

2AgNO3+H2S=AgzSJ+2HNO3

Ag3Po4+3HNO3=H3Po4+3AgNO3

Al

Al

声燃“一△△

Al+3O2^^=2AbO3（纯氧）2A1+3S^=ALS32A1+3C12=2A1C13

4Al（固）+3Ch（气）=2Al2。3（固）+3349.3kJ-mol-1

4Al+3MnO2^^=2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3^^Al2O3+2Cr

高温△

2Al+Fe2O3------Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeO^=Al2O3+3Fe

2A1+6HC1=2A1C13+3H2T2A1+3H2so4=AL（SO4）3+3H2T

工△

2A1+6H2so4（浓）^=AL（SO4）3+3SO2T+6H2O

A1+4HNO3（稀）=A1（NO3）3+NOT+2H2。（AkFe在冷、浓的H2so4、HNO3中钝化）

2Al+2NaOH+2H2。=2NaA102+3H2t

A。AI（0H）3

（AI2O3是两性氧化物）

AI2O3+3H2SO4=A12（SO4）3+3H2O

Al2O34-2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O

△

2Al(OH)3^=ALO3+3H2。

A1(OH)3+3HC1=A1C13+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2so4=AL(SO4)3+6H2O

Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O

铝盐

AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3；+3NaCl

AlCl3+3NH3H2O=Al(OH)3i+3NH4CI

2AlCh+3Na2co3+3H2O=2AI(OH)31+3CO2T+6NaCl

AlCh+SNaHCO?=A1(OHR+3CO2T

AlC13+3NaAlO24-6H2O=4A1(OH)3；

AlCh+4NaOH=Na[Al(OH)4]+3NaCl

Al2(SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O=2A1(OH)3；+3H2ST

AI4C3+12H2O=4A1(OH)31+3cH4T

As

As2O3+6Zn+12HC1=2AsH3T+6ZnCl2+3H2O

3As2s3+28HNC)3(稀)+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NOf

As2s3+28HNC>3(浓)=2H3ASO4+3H2so4+28NO2T+8H2O

B

Ba

Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCChI+H20Ba(0H)2+2co2(过量)=Ba(HCO3)2

Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaS04I+2H2O3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO3=Ba3(PO4)2I+6H2O

BaCh+H2SO4=BaSO4I+2HC1BaCh+Na2so4=BaSChI+2NaCl

BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+CO21+H20BaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2t+H20

BaCh+H2so4(稀)=BaS04I+H2O2)

Be

Be+2HCl=BaCh+H2tBe+2NaOH=Na2BO2+H2t

BeC12+2NaOH=Be(OH)2I+2H2O

Be(OH)2+2HCl=BeCl2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2BO2+2H2O

Br

△

Brz+H2-2HBrBr?+Fe=FeBn

Brz+2FeBr2=2FeBi*3BI*2+Nal=NaBr+I2Br2+HI=HBr+I2

Br2+H20=HBr+HBiO

Br2+NaOH=NaBr+NaBrO+H2O

Br2+SO2+2H2(D=H2so4+2HBr

Br2+H2S=SI+2HBr

2Br2+3Na2cO3+H2O=2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+C02t

c

c

c

C+2F2=CF4

C+2C12=CC14

,Q占燃

2C+0K少量）2co

c+ox足量）q工co?

△

C+CO2=2CO

C+H2O*LCO+H2（生成水煤气）

△

2C+SiCh^=Si+2CO（制得粗硅）

△△

C+Si^=siC（金刚砂）C+2S^=CS2

电炉

3C+Ca0:CaCz+COt

电炉

3C+SiO2^=SiC+2COt

△

C+2H2so4（浓）=C02t+2SO2t+2H2O

,△

C+4HNO3（浓）^=CO2f+4NO2t+2H2O

CO

占燃

2CO