山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高一年级下册7月期末英语 含解析

2022-2023学年高一下学期教学质量检测

英语试题

注意事项：

1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。

3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上

对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答

题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听

力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题海小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

1.Whatdidthewomandrop?

A.Herwallet.B.Herpassport.C.Herbag.

2.Whereisthemanprobablygoingnow?

A.Toagiftshop.B.Tohisbrother'shome.C.TotheChildren'sCenter.

3.Whathappenedtotheman?

A.Hedirtiedhishands.B.Heinjuredhishands.C.Hedestroyedhispainting.

4.Whathasthewomanbeendoing?

A.Playingbadminton.B.Resting.C.Walking.

5.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inapolicestation.

第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whafstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Driverandpassenger.

7.Whatwillthewomandonext?

A.Buyamap.B.Doexercises.C.Attendclass.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Howlongwasthewoman'sholidayintotal?

A.Oneweek.B.Tendays.C.Twoweeks.

9.Whatdoesthemanprefertodo?

A.Goskiing.B.Stayinthecity.C.Driveinthemountains.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Wherearethespeakers?

A.InParis.B.InToronto.C.InNewYork.

11.WhatisJohnstudying?

A.Literature.B.History.C.Art.

12.Whatarethespeakersgoingtobuy?

A.Wine.B.Bread.C.Cheese.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Howwillthewomangoforthejobinterview?

A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.

14.Whatjobisthewomanapplyingfor?

A.Atranslator.B.Anengineer.C.Atourguide.

15.Whatdidthewomanimpressthemanwithlastyear?

A.Herbusinessskills.B.HerspokenFrench.C.Herworkexperience.

16.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherinterviewtomorrow?

A.Excited.B.Confident.C.Anxious.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Aschoollibrary.B.Anonlineservice.C.Aneworganization.

18.WhatcanpeopledothroughBookCrossing?

A.Buybooks.B.Sellbooks.C.Sharebooks.

19.Howcanmembersgetinformationaboutthephysicalbooks?

A.Bylookingatanonlinelist.

B.Bymakingaphonecall.

C.Bysendingane-mail.

20.Whichcolorshowsthenumberofbooksputoverthelast30days?

A.Red.B.Yellow.C.BIue.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

FourSummerCamps

MountainCamp

POBox1348,PollockPines,CA95726,U.S.

Phone:415-351-2267

MountainCampisatraditionalcampexperienceonabeautifulhighSierralake.Theprogramisforchildren

agedseventoseventeen.Campersenjoydifferentactivities,spendingoneandahalfhourseverydayateachof

ourthreeareas:waterfront,outdooractivityareaandindooractivityarea.Allareashavemanyprogramactivities

includingmountainbiking,travelingonaship,windsurfing,drama,dance,waterskiing.etc.

AstrocampVirginia8144MountLaurelRoad,Clover,VA24534,U.S.

Phone:800-645-1423

AstrocampVirginiaisaphysicalscienceandadventuresummercamp.Camperscomeeachsummertohave

fun,andgethands-onsciencetrainingwhiletakingpartinalotofactivities!AstrocampisaSTEMprogramthat

pushescamperstodeepentheirunderstandingofsciencebytakingpartinspaceexploration,playinginadvanced

labs,buildingandlaunchingrockets,andsearchingthenightsky.

TalismanCamp

64GapCreekRd,Zirconia,NC28790,U.S.Phone:828-697-6313

Ourcampprogramhelpschildrenwithautismorothermentalproblemstodevelopphysicalandsocialability

inanenvironmentthatencouragesandsupportsself-direction.Webelievethateverychildwantstodowell,and

thateverychildhasuniguepower,advantagesandviewsonlife.We'Husedifferenttoolstoguidethemtoachieve

theirgoals.

BirchwoodCamp12586GunflintTrail,Slip85,GrandMarais,MN55604,U.S.

Phone:218-388-4402

Weonlyacceptbetween35and45campers（boysaged7-17）everyschoolyear.AtBirchwood,wekeepour

campsitescreen-freesowecanfocusonthethingswevaluemost:connection,self-discoveryandasenseof

sharedpurpose.Eachweek,campersgettochooseawildernesstriptogoon,whichneedsabout3to5days.

1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttolearnaboutthescience-focusedcamp?

A.415-351-2267.B.800-645-1423.

C.828-697-6313.D.218-388-4402.

2.Whichprogramissuitableforteenagerswithspecialneeds?

A.MountainCamp.B.AstrocampVirginia.

C.TalismanCamp.D.BirchwoodCamp.

3.WhatdoMountainCampandBirchwoodCamphaveincommon?

A.Theyonlyacceptboys.B.Theyhaveagerequirements.

C.Theyhopecamperslearntoshare.D.Theyoffercamperswateractivities.

【答案】1.B2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个夏令营活动的具体信息。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据AstrocampVirginia部分的“Phone:800-645-1423”^fllaAstrocampisaSTEMprogram

thatpushescamperstodeepentheirunderstandingofsciencebytakingpartinspaceexploration,playingin

advancedlabs,buildingandlaunchingrockets,andsearchingthenightsky.（Astrocamp是一个STEM项目，通

过参与太空探索、在先进实验室玩耍、建造和发射火箭以及搜索夜空，推动营员加深对科学的理解。）”

可知，如果你想了解以科学为中心的夏令营，你应该打800-645/423这个电话。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据TalismanCamp部分的“Ourcampprogramhelpschildrenwithautismorothermental

problemstodevelopphysicalandsocialabilityinanenvironmentthatencouragesandsupportsself-direction.（我

们的夏令营项目帮助患有自闭症或其他精神问题的儿童在一个鼓励和支持自我指导的环境中发展身体和

社交能力。）”可知，TalismanCamp这个项目适合有特殊需求的青少年。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据MountainCamp部分的“Theprogramisforchildrenagedseventoseventeen.（该项目面向

7至17岁的儿童。）”和BirchwoodCamp部分的“Weonlyacceptbetween35and45campers（boysaged7-

17）everyschoolyear.（我们每学年只接受35-45名营员（7-17岁的男孩）。）”可知，这两个夏令营活动的共

同之处是它们有年龄要求。故选B。

Haveyoueverthoughthowgooditwouldbeifanunfinishedhandworkproject,whichstoppedbecausethe

ownerpassedaway,couldbelovinglycompleted?

Friendsandknitters（编织者）JenniferSimonicandMaseyKaplanstartedtheLooseEndsProjectin

September2022.Thepairmatch"volunteerfinishers^^withunfinishedprojectsonlinesotheycancarefillly

completethemandthenreturnthemtothepeopletheywerebeingmadefor.

Itallstartedwhenfounders,SimonicandKaplan,realizedthattheyhadbothbeenaskedbyfriendstofinish

knittinghats,sweatersorotherunfinishedprojectsstartedbytheirdeadmoms.Whenmorefriendsaskedthemfor

help,theyfeltitwouldbeagoodideato"havestrangersbeabletofinishthingsforeachother”.

Helpingstrangersthisway,whichalsoassiststhemtogetthroughtheirgrievingprocess,wassomethingthat

thetwohadhappilyagreedtodounderstandinghowwonderfulitfeelstobedressedinsomethingalovedonehas

created.

Addingatouchingcoupleofextrasteps,oncethefinishersreceivetheproject,theymayhighlightthelast

stitch（针）workedbythedeadmakerinaspecialwaybeforetheyrestartthework.

Injustafewmonths,LooseEndshasbuiltupaglobalteamofover7,000volunteers.Newvolunteersare

askedtosharetheirskillsetsandinterests,.WhenLooseEndsreceivesaproject,thefoundersidentifyagoodfit

basedontheseskills.TheLooseEndsteamwillletthevolunteerstrytheworkto“checkifthey'refeelingittoo”,

asSimonicandKaplanneverwanttheworktobeachore.

Volunteersdonotchargefortheirwork,whilefamiliesareonlyaskedtocovertheshippingcosts.Thegroup

triestomatchprojectstovolunteerslivingnearbytoreducetheshippingcoststothelowest.

4.WhatisthegoaloftheLooseEndsProject?

A.Topromotehandworkart.

B.Tosellhandworkproductsonline.

C.Torecyclegoodhandworkprojects.

D.Tocompleteunfinishedhandworkprojects.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grieving”meaninparagraph4?

A.Painful.B.Amazing.C.Touching.D.Unforgettable.

6.Whatextrastepmayvolunteersdowithunfinishedworks?

A.Theymaysigntheirnamesontheworks.

B.Theymayaddreceivers?informationonthem.

C.Theymaymarktheoriginalmaker'slaststitch.

D.Theymaymakeaspecialdesignforthelaststitch.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheserviceoftheLooseEndsProject?

A.Thoughtful.B.Quick.C.Limited.D.Safe.

【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了编织者JenniferSimonic和MaseyKaplan是朋友，他们于2022

年9月启动了LooseEndsProject,帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段uFriendsandknitters（编织者）JenniferSimonicandMaseyKaplanstartedtheLoose

EndsProjectinSeptember2022.Thepairmatch"volunteerfinishers^^withunfinishedprojectsonlinesotheycan

carefullycompletethemandthenreturnthemtothepeopletheywerebeingmadefor.（JenniferSimonic和

MaseyKaplan是朋友，他们是编织者，于2022年9月启动了LooseEndsProjecto这两个人将“自愿完成

者”与网上未完成的项目相匹配，这样他们就可以仔细地完成这些项目，然后将它们返还给他们的目标

人群）”可知，LooseEndsProject是为了完成未完成的手工项目。故选D。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。上文"Hallstartedwhenfounders,SimonicandKaplan,realizedthattheyhadbothbeenaskedby

friendstofinishknittinghats,sweatersorotherunfinishedprojectsstartedbytheirdeadmoms.（这一切都始于仓U

始人西蒙尼克和卡普兰意识到，他们都被朋友要求完成编织帽子、毛衣或其他由他们去世的母亲开始的

未完成的项目）”可知，Simonic和K叩lan帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西，以这种方式

帮助陌生人度过失去亲人的悲伤的过程，由此可推知，划线单词grieving意为“悲伤的”，与A项

“Painful.（痛苦的。y意义一致，故选A。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"Addingatouchingcoupleofextrasteps,oncethefinishersreceivetheproject,

theymayhighlightthelaststitch（针）workedbythedeadmakerinaspecialwaybeforetheyrestartthework.（他

们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，他们重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的

方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针）”可知，志愿者对未完成的工作采取的额外措施是，他

们会标记由原来编织者所缝制的最后一针。故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Addingatouchingcoupleofextrasteps,oncethefinishersreceivetheproject,

theymayhighlightthelaststitch（针）workedbythedeadmakerinaspecialwaybeforetheyrestartthework.（他

们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，他们重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的

方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针）”和倒数第二段中“TheLooseEndsteamwillletthe

volunteerstrytheworkto“checkifthey'refeelingittoo”,asSimonicandKaplanneverwanttheworktobea

chore.（LooseEnds团队将让志愿者尝试这项工作，以“检查他们是否也有这种感觉”，因为Simonic和

Kaplan从不希望这项工作成为一件苦差事）”可推知，LooseEndsProject的服务是周到的，故选A。

C

Humanscanracetogetoutofahurricane'spath.Someanimalscansenseahurricanecomingandleave

quickly,butthereareanimalsthatcan'tsimplygetoutoftheway.Herearethevariouseffectsofhurricaneson

animals.

Birdsmaybeabletosenseairpressureandotherchangesintheenvironment,whichencouragesthemtoget

outofharm'sway.Somebirdswillevenspeeduptheirmigration（迁徙）leavingearlierthanusualifaserious

hurricaneisapproaching.However,strongwindscanpushbirdshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirhome.Young

orweakbirdscanbecomeseparatedfromtherestoftheirgroupandoftenhavedifficultymakingithome.

Fishcanalsobeaffected.AfterHurricaneAndrewin1992,about184millionfishdiedinsouthLouisiana's

AtchafalayaBasinalone.Strongwindsblewleavesofftrees,blowingthemintowetlands.Therotting（腐烂的）

organicmaterialtoextremelylowlevelsofoxygeninthewater,killingthefish.Somefishwilloftenfind

shelteredareasduringhurricanes,butthey'renotalwayssafe.Dolphinshaveoccasionallybeenblowntoshore

duringbighurricanes.

Therearemanyotherdangersthatcomewithhurricane-relatedwater.Sharpriseofsaltwateronshorecan

harmwildlifeandplantsthatliveinthefreshwaterandcan'tbearthesaltcontent.Heavyraincanalsoaffectthe

balanceoffreshandsaltwaterinsomeareas,harmingthecreaturesthatliveinthem.

Manyanimalslosetheirregularfoodsupplywhenahurricanearrives,asstrongwindsandrainsdestroytrees

offruits,nutsandberries.DuringHurricaneAndrew,aboutone-quarterofLouisiana'spublicoysterseed（牡蛎种

苗）groundsweredestroyed.BecausetheoysterswereanimportantfoodsourceforsomebirdsonLouisiana's

barrierIslands,thebirdssufferedmassdeathasadirectresultofthehurricane.

8.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

A.Birdsareadaptingtoachangingclimate.

B.Birdscansensethecomingofahurricane.

C.Birdsmigrateatcertaintimesofeveryyear.

D.Birds9habitatsaredestroyedbyhurricanes.

9.WhatcausesfishinsouthLouisiana'sAtchafalayaBasintodieafterHurricaneAndrewin1992?

A.Poisonousleaves.B.Airpollution.

C.Alackofoxygen.D.Thelossofshelters.

10.Whatcouldbetheeffectofhurricane-relatedwater?

A.Oceanecosystemisdestroyed.

B.Seasaltproductionisreduced.

C.Manyanimalsmoveawayfromtheirhabitats.

D.Therewouldbelessfreshwaterontheearth.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Animalssuffermorethanhumansduringahurricane

B.Whathappenstoanimalsduringahurricane?

C.Whydoanimalsmigrateearlierthanusual?

D.Animalsmightfaceseriousthreats

【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了飓风对动物的各种影响。

8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Birdsmaybeabletosenseairpressureandotherchangesintheenvironment,

whichencouragesthemtogetoutofharm'sway.Somebirdswillevenspeeduptheirmigration（迁徙）leaving

earlierthanusualifaserioushurricaneisapproaching.（鸟类可能能够感知气压和环境中的其他变化，这鼓励

它们远离危险。如果一场严重的飓风即将来临，一些鸟类甚至会加速迁徙，比平时更早离开）”可知，鸟

能感觉到飓风的来临。故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Fishcanalsobeaffected.AfterHurricaneAndrewin1992,about184millionfish

diedinsouthLouisiana'sAtchafalayaBasinalone.Strongwindsblewleavesofftrees,blowingtheminto

wetlands.Therotting（腐烂的）organicmaterialtoextremelylowlevelsofoxygeninthewater,killingthefish,（ft

类也会受到影响。1992年安德鲁飓风过后，仅路易斯安那州南部的阿查法拉亚盆地就有1.84亿条鱼死

亡。强风把树叶从树上吹落，吹到湿地。腐烂的有机物质使水中的氧气含量极低，杀死了鱼）”可知，

1992年安德鲁飓风过后，缺少氧气导致路易斯安那州南部阿查法拉亚盆地的鱼类死亡。故选C。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“Therearemanyotherdangersthatcomewithhurricane-relatedwater.Sharpriseof

saltwateronshorecanharmwildlifeandplantsthatliveinthefreshwaterandcan'tbearthesaltcontent.Heavy

raincanalsoaffectthebalanceoffreshandsaltwaterinsomeareas,harmingthecreaturesthatliveinthem.（与飓

风有关的水还会带来许多其他危险。岸上咸水的急剧上升会伤害生活在淡水中的野生动物和植物，它们

无法承受海水的含盐量。大雨还会影响某些地区淡水和盐水的平衡，伤害生活在其中的生物）”可知，与

飓风有关的水会破坏海洋生态系统。故选A。

11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humanscanracetogetoutofahurricane'spath.Someanimalscansensea

hurricanecomingandleavequickly,butthereareanimalsthatcan'tsimplygetoutoftheway.Herearethe

variouseffectsofhurricanesonanimals.（人类可以竞相逃离飓风的路径。有些动物能感觉到飓风的来临并迅

速离开，但有些动物不能简单地让路。这是飓风对动物的各种影响）”可知，文章针对飓风对动物的各种

影响展开叙述。Whathappenstoanimalsduringahurricane?（飓风来袭时动物会怎么样？）符合最佳标题。

故选B。

D

Manypeoplebelievethatgreatnessrequirestrainingaskillwellpastproficiency（熟练）Ifscontinuingto

practiceevenaftereverysuccessfulshotyoumake.Ifsplayingthatsongonemoretimeeventhoughyou'vemade

nomistakes.Scientistscallthistrainingpastthepointofimprovement“overlearning”.

Tounderstandhowoverlearningaffectsourabilitytoobtainanewskill,researchersexposedtwogroupstoa

seriesoflearningexercises.Inthefirstgroup,learnersstoppedpracticingassoonastheystoppedgettingbetter.

Theythentooka30-minutebreak.Afterthebreaktheytrainedonanotherdistinct,butsimilarlearningexercise.

Thenextday,theytookapost-test.Thesubjectsperformedwellonthesecondtask-theonetheylearnedmore

recently.Theyfailedthefirsttask.

“Intheusualsituationwhereyoustoptrainingonanewskillimmediatelyaftermasteringit,thebrainstays

initsready-to-learnstate.Ourbrainsaregoodatlearningnewtasks.Itmeansthatifyouthentrainasecond

similartask,itoverwrites（覆盖）thefirstskill.ltbecomesasthoughyouhaven'tstudiedthefirstskillatall,“said

TakeoWatanabe,theleadauthorofthestudy.

Inthesecondgroup,learners“overleamed”.Differentfromthefirstgroup,thisgroupcontinuedpracticing

pastthepointofcompetency.Subjectsoulslrippedthosewhodidn'toverleamonthefirsttask.Itturnsoutthat

spendingaslittleas20extraminutespracticingataskyou'vealreadyperfectedleadstolastingimprovements.

Thebenefitisthatthesecondlearningdoesn'tconflictwiththefirst/4Buttheotherpartofthestoryisthatyou

learnthatsecondtasklessweH,“saidWatanabe.Theylearnedthesecondtaskroughlyhalfaswellasthefirst

group.

“Ifyouoverlearnaskill,yourbrainstatechangesveryrapidlyfrombeingplastic（可塑的）tobeingsteady,“

saidWatanabe,"whichinturnmeansthatyourbrainhasmoretimetolockintheskill,preventingitfrombeing

overwritten.

ButWatanabewarnsagainstputtingallone'seggsinonebasket.uSomestudiessuggestthatthebenefits

gainedbyoverlearningcangraduallydisappearoveraslittleasfourweeks.Itmightbethatwehavetopair

overlearningwithotherlearningmethods,“hesaid.

12.Ifwestopimmediatelyaftermasteringanewskill,ourbrainwill.

A.losesomeofitsfunction

B.bereadytotakeonnewtasks

C.spendalongtimelockingintheskill

D.havedifficultydealingwithsimilartask

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outstripped“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Didbetterthan.B.Lookeddownupon.

C.Caughtupwith.D.Performedworsethan.

14.Whatdisadvantagedidthesecondgroupoflearnersshow?

A.Theycouldn'tlearnskillsquickly.

B.Theycouldn'tcombinelearmingskillsproperly.

C.Theyshowedlittleinterestinlearningnewthings.

D.Theywerelessefficientinlearningthesecondtask.

15.WhatisWatanabe'sadviceonlearning?

A.Alwaysputtingoverlearningfirst.

BLearningwithflexibletechniques.

C.Keepingyourbraininitsready-to-learnstate.

D.Trainingyourbraintolockinthemostessentialskill.

【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了过度学习影响我们掌握新技能的能力。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Intheusualsituationwhereyoustoptrainingonanewskillimmediatelyafter

masteringit,thebrainstaysinitsready-to-learnstate.Ourbrainsaregoodatlearningnewtasks.（在通常情况

下，你在掌握一项新技能后立即停止训练，大脑会处于准备学习状态。我们的大脑擅长学习新任务）”可

知，如果我们在掌握一项新技能后立即停止，我们的大脑就会准备好接受新的任务。故选B。

【13题详解】

词句猜测题。根据下文“Itturnsoutthatspendingaslittleas20extraminutespracticingataskyou'vealready

perfectedleadstolastingimprovements.（事实证明，只要多花20分钟练习一项你已经熟练的任务，就能带

来持久的进步）”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：研究对象在第一项任务中表现优于那些没有过度学习

的人。由此可知，outstripped与A选项：（比做得更好）意思接近。故选A。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Buttheotherpartofthestoryisthatyoulearnthatsecondtasklesswell,^^said

Watanabe.Theylearnedthesecondtaskroughlyhalfaswellasthefirstgroup.（渡边说：“但另一方面，你学习

第二项任务的能力就差了。”他们学习第二项任务的能力大约是第一组的一半）”可知，第二组学习者显

示出他们在学习第二个任务时效率更低。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后——段“ButWatanabewarnsagainstputtingallone'seggsinonebasket.uSome

studiessuggestthatthebenefitsgainedbyoverlearningcangraduallydisappearoveraslittleasfourweeks.It

mightbethatwehavetopairoverlearningwithotherlearningmethods,hesaid.（但渡边警告说,不要把所有的

鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。“一些研究表明，过度学习带来的好处会在短短四周内逐渐消失。也许我们必须

将过渡学习与其他学习方法结合起来，"他说）"可知，渡边建议要用灵活的技巧学习而不是一味地只是

过度学习。故选B。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Aspelunkerisapersonwhoexplorescaves.Anothertermappliedtothoseexploringcavesis“caver".The

latterisgenerallyreservedforthosewithtrainingandeducationinthescienceofcaving.16Drawntothe

mysteryoftheunexplored,theyseekcavesforpleasureandnotnecessarilywithspecificgoalsinmind.

Manywhoareinterestedinbecomingaspelunkerjoinclubsorgroupsorganisedbymoreexperiencedcave

explorers,suchastheNationalSpeleologicalSociety（NSS）.TheNSSorganisescavingclubsthatpromote

preservationofcavesandinterestinthescienceofcaving.17

Safetyisamainconcernfbrspelunkers.Onebigthreatisfalling.18Anotherthreatisbeinghitby

fallingobjectsabove.Spelunkerscanalsobethreatenedbylowbodytemperature.Itcanbecomedangerouslylow

asaresultofbeinginacoldcaveforalongtime.

19Propershoesarerequiredtopreventspelunkersfalling.Andaspecialhatisrequiredtoreducethe

riskofinjuryfromfallingobjects.Moreover,warmclothingisimportantincaseaspelunkergetsseparatedfrom

thegroupandstuckinacoldcaveforalongertimethanexpected.Spelunkersshouldalsobringafirstaidkit,

food,water,andalight.

Butthisisn'tenough.Spelunkersshouldalsofollowbasicprinciplesofsafeandresponsiblecave

exploration.Formgroupsoffourtosixspelunkers.20Telladditionalpartiesaboutthecavingtrip.And

newspelunkersshouldalwaysincludemoreexperiencedcaversinthegroupandstartwithwell-knowncaves.

Mostimportantly,theyshouldstaywiththegroupatalltimes.

A.Establishatimelimitbeforeenteringacave.

B.Afterall,cavescanbedarkandsometimeswet.

C.Theexperiencedcaversmaychoosewell-knowncaves.

D.Spelunkersmustbefullypreparedbeforeexploringcaves.

E.However,spelunkersusuallyexplorecavesjustasahobby.

F.Manycavesrequireclimbingandgoingthroughtightpassages.

G.Theseclubsalsoplancavingtripsthatallowforsaferexploration.

【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.D20.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了洞穴探险者在探索洞穴之前必须做的准备和要遵循的洞穴探险

的基本原则。

【16题详解】

上文“Anothertermappliedtothoseexploringcavesis“caver”.Thelatterisgenerallyreservedforthosewith

trainingandeducationinIhescienceofcaving.（另一个适用于那些探索洞穴的术语是“洞穴探险者”。后者

通常是为那些在洞穴科学方面受过训练和教育的人保留的。）”介绍了“洞穴探险者”指的是那些在洞穴

科学方面受过训练和教育的人,下文uDrawntothemysteryoftheunexplored,theyseekcavesforpleasure

andnotnecessarilywithspecificgoalsinmind.（被未知的神秘所吸引，他们寻求洞穴的乐趣，而不一定有特

定的目标在心中。）”指出探索洞穴的人只是为了乐趣，而非是专业人士，E项“然而，洞穴探险者通常

把探索洞穴仅仅作为一种爱好。”符合，和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，故选E。

【17题详解】

上文“TheNSSorganisescavingclubsthatpromotepreservationofcavesandinterestinthescienceof

caving.（NSS组织洞穴俱乐部，促进洞穴的保护和洞穴科学的兴趣。）”介绍了NSS组织了一些洞穴俱乐

部，空处承接上文，对这些俱乐部进行介绍，G项“这些俱乐部还计划进行洞穴探险，以保证更安全的

探险。”符合，故选G。

【18题详解】

上文"Safetyisamainconcernforspelunkers.Onebigthreatisfalling.（安全是洞穴探险者最关心的问题。一

个巨大的威胁正在降临。）”指出探索洞穴会有危险，B项“毕竟，洞穴可以是黑暗的，有时是潮湿

的。”解释了洞穴会有危险的原因，故选B。

【19题详解】

下文aPropershoesarerequiredtopreventspelunkersfalling.Andaspecialhatisrequiredtoreducetheriskof

injuryfromfallingobjects.Moreover,warmclothingisimportantincaseaspelunkergetsseparatedfromthe

groupandstuckinacoldcaveforalongertimethanexpected.Spelunkersshouldalsobringafirstaidkit,food,

water,andalight.（为了防止洞穴探险者坠落，必须穿上合适的鞋子。还需要一顶特殊的帽子来降低坠落物

体造成伤害的风险。此外，为了防止洞穴探险者与群体分离，在寒冷的洞穴中被困的时间比预期的要

长，保暖的衣服也是非常重要的。洞穴探险者还应该带上急救箱、食物、水和灯。）”具体描述了洞穴探

险者在探索洞穴之前所做的准备。D项“洞穴探险者在探索洞穴之前必须做好充分的准备。”符合，概

括了下文，故选D。

【20题详解】

上文**Spelunkersshouldalsofollowbasicprinciplesofsafeandresponsiblecaveexploration.（洞穴探险者也应

该遵循安全和负责任的洞穴探险的基本原则。）”指出洞穴探险者要遵循安全和负责任的洞穴探险的基本

原贝U，下文“Telladditionalparliesaboutthecavingtrip.Andnewspelunkersshouldalwaysincludemore

experiencedcaversinthegroupandstartwithwell-knowncaves.Mostimportantly,theyshouldstaywiththe

groupatalltimes.（告诉其他人洞穴探险的事。新的洞穴探险者应该总是包括更有经验的洞穴探险者，并刚

开始要探索著名的洞穴。最重要的是，他们应该一直和团队待在一起。）”具体介绍了洞穴探险的基本原

则，A项“在进入洞穴之前设定一个时间限制。”也是洞穴探险的基本原则，故选A。

第三部分完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AdognamedRussranawayfromhisowner'svehicleastheCaldorFireroaredtowardSouthLakeTahoe.

Hisownerwasforcedto21duringthefire,leavinghimunableto22hisdog.Itwasassumedthat

Russhadbeenlostforgood.23onDec.162021,amanskiingwestofTahoe24Russ,whowas

unableto25.Theskierpostedphotosoftheanimaltrappedindeepsnowonline.

That26caughttheattentionofWendyJones,theexecutivedirectorofTahoePAWSandTLC4FuiTy

Friends.Althoughinthemiddleofanother27shegatheredateamof28."Becausethedoghad

beenoutinthesnowallday,weknew29wasofimportance”,Jonessaid.

Itwasgetting30.Thedogwastrackedupthemountain,andfinallylocatedunderatree."Igot

really31saidAllen,a61-yearoldvolunteer,4tfbrh