高中英语名词性从句讲解

中学英语名词性从句讲解-名词性从句PART1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。主语)主语)表语)表语)Idon’t宾语)Idon’t宾语)Idon’tknowabout同位语)Idon’tknowabout同位语)得出结论：因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。PART2名词性从句的类型：1.主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.留意：1.为避开主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,常常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清晰…It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…Itseems/appears/happensthat…明显、明显、碰巧…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…It’snowonderthat…并不惊奇/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that…Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatItisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；假如是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视状况而定。tbeenfound.Exercises:.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.HowIt’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如:Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied．留意：1.假如句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应当立刻完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是，…的缘由是…Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Itisbecause…这是因为…Exercises:Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatThequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whenThereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whatMyadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatEnergyis______makesthingswork.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:(1)V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis---Don’tyoubelieveme---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision”“Theyalwaysletmedo______IthinkIshould.”A.whenB.thatC.howD.what(2)prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyoneMarywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatItwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever(3)adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.留意：(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面状况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误会，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（假如把whether改成if，简单当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot干脆连用，就不能换成if；不干脆连用，可换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，构成whethertodo结构。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.Exercises:Iaskedher__________shehadabike.__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.(2)假如宾语从句是由that引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,则只有第一个that可以省略，其次个或其次个以后的that不能省略.Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.假如宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不行以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.(3)表示“建议，吩咐，要求”的宾语从句，如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句确定。Idon’tthinkhewillcome.Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.(5)宾语从句的时态呼应：a.假如主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可依据句意须要而选用任一种时态.他信任他的幻想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.b.请告知我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.b.假如主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但假如从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告知我他正在为考试做打算.Hetoldme_______________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告知我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.Exercises:Doyousee______ImeanA.thatB./C.howD.whatTellme______isonyourmind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyWemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.A.whatB.thatLetmesee______.A.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioKeepinmind______.A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayB.whetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioC./D.howC.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid4.同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或说明前面的名词。常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和which不引导同位语从句)Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whetherWeheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whereTheproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.ifTheyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenThefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what留意：1.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略。a.Thesuggestionthathe______atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.wasputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforwardb.Thesuggestionthatwe______topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo2.同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherThere’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatDandyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which3.如何推断同位语从句和定语从句a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的详细内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的说明和说明，表明中心词的详细内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用,无详细含义,且不行省略.五．名词性从句的考点归纳：1.名词性从句的语序：a.That+陈述句：---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---______itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreakb.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求运用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序,即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。Idon’tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing.a.Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()b.Couldyoutellmewherehelives()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive()2.表示“建议，吩咐，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,order,request,demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。3.that可省略的状况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不行省略的状况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddiedand__________hehadtomakealivingalone.4.关于whether与if的运用：Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyElephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand______itisroughorsmooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatThequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how______hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.EvenifExercise:我们何时实行运动会还没有确定。________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我遗忘眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种3.I’msogladdoesn’tmattertoomuch.9.Hedoesn’tknow推断下列各句哪句含出名词性从句，并指出是什么从句1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.相关练习：1.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that2.Thenews______surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how3.Oneofthemenheldtheview______thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat4.Wordhascome______someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which5.Theyreceivedorders______theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that6.______Ican’tunderstandis______shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because7.Ihavetheinformation______.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.---CanIhelpyou---Yes,doyouknow______A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes9.Hemadeapromise______anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif10.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworsewas______nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what11.We’dliketodo______wecan______thepoor.A.how;helpB.all;tohelpC.whatever;helpD.however;tohelp12.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.---Oh,thatwaspr