铁人中学2020级高三学年上学期开学考试英语试卷

铁人中学2020级高三学年上学期开学考试

英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,

并标在试卷的相应位置。

1.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Hisarticleisquitelong.B.Heisfinishingthearticle.C.Hecan'tfinishthearticleontime.

2.Howdoesthewomangobackhometoday?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.

3.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.ShecanonlyusetheEnglishdictionaryinthelibrary.

B.SheiswelcometousetheEnglishdictionaryatanytime.

C.ShecanborrowtheEnglishdictionaryfromthelibrary.

4.Whoisthegirlcominguptothespeakers?

A.Lisa,thetalleroftwinsisters.B.Linda,thetalleroftwinsisters.C.Lisa,theshorteroftwinsisters.

5.Whatdoesthewomanmostlikelymean?

A.Theyhavedifferentmailways.B.Theyhaveonlyonemailway.C.Shedoesn'tknowhowtoanswer.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，

每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6.Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?

A.At4:30.B.At5:00.C.At5:30.

7.Whereisthewomangoing?

A.ToNewYork.B.ToWashington.C.ToNewYorkthentoWashington.

8.WhatisthewomanprobablygoingtodoinWashington?

A.Gotowork.B.Gotoschool.C.Staywithhersister.

听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

9.Whatwillthewomandoatfirstafterclass?

A.Pickupherbrother.B.Dosomehousework.C.Doherhomework.

10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Haveadinner.B.Listentoaconcert.C.Watchamovie.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Theywillgooutforamovie.

B.Theymightmeeteachother.

C.Theywillplaycomputergametogether.

听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。

12.Whattimedoyouthinktheplanetakesoff?

A.Fivetoten.B.Fivepastten.C.Fivetoeleven.

13.WhatisprobablyTom?

A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Headteacher.

14.Whichmonthdoyouthinkitisnow?

A.July.B.November.C.March.

听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。

15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Touristandtourguide.B.Touristanddesigner.C.Twotourists.

16.Whatcanweknowaboutthehotel?

A.ThequeenCleopatrausedtolivethere.

B.Itisnamedafterawell-knownperson.

C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld.

17.Whatistrueaboutthehotelroom?

A.It'sfarfromthebeach.

B.Itprovidesasplendidviewofthesea.

C.Thetemperatureoftheroomiscomfortable.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.WhatisEnriqueIglesias?

A.Asinger.B.Anactor.C.Awriter.

19.WhereisNataliePortmanfrom?

A.Korea.B.TheUS.C.LatinAmerica.

20.WhatwillAhntalkabout?

A.Hislatestmusicandhiswife.B.Hislifeandhisfutureplans.C.Hispastexperiencesandfeelings.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

SituatedalongthePacificFlyway,agoodmigratorypaththatstretchesfromAlaskntoPatagonia,SantaCruz

playshosttohundredsofbirdspecies.Justheadtooneofthespotslistedbelowandseeforyourself!

UCSCArboretum

Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirdsmakethesegardensawonderfulplacetostart.Markyour

calendarfortheArboretum'spopularHummingbirdDays,afamily-friendlyfestivalthatcelebratesthetinybirdson

March5thand6th.

NaturalBridgesStateBeach

Thisscenicparkisexcellentforbirdwatchersduetoitswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.Over250birdspecies

havebeenrecordedinthearea.

NearyLagoon

Birdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana10-minutewalkfromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.A

walkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmericanCoots.

WatsonvilleWetlands

Thewetlandsprovideayear-roundhomeforlocalbirdsandserveasastopformigratorybirdsvisitingfrom

faraway.DropbytheNatureCentreforexhibits,maps,andsuggestionsforbestspotstovisit.

BirdingTips

•Theearlybirdergetstheworm.You'relikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterintheday.

•Notwovisitsarelikelytobethesame.Varyingtimesandseasonsbringdifferentbirdsandbehaviour.

•Nomatterhowcutethoselittlebirdsare,youshouldresistfeedingthemwithyourbread.It'sunhealthyforthe

birdandthesurroundingecosystem.

HowtoGetMoreInvolved

WerecommendjoiningtheSantaCruzBirdingClubforpubliceventsandabundantonlineguides.Contactus

freeatBirding&WildlifeWatchKitforregistration.

1.WhyaretheremanybirdsintheUCSCArboretum?

A.Theplaceisveryfamily-friendly.

B.Therearemanykindsofplants.

C.ThereareArboretum'sHummingbirdDays.

D.Theplacehaswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.

2.WhichplacecanonereacheasilyonfootfromtheSantaCruzBeach?

A.NearyLagoon.B.UCSCArboretum.

C.WatsonvilleWetlands.D.NaturalBridgesStateBeach

3.Whenisthebesttimetowatchmorebirds?

A.Inthemorning.B.Inthenoon.C.Intheafternoon.D.Intheevening.

【答案】l.B2.A3.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了圣克鲁兹岛观鸟场地以及人们观鸟时应该注意的一些事项。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据UCSCArboretum部分的“Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirds…（各种各样

的植物吸引了各种各样的鸟类……）”可知，UCSCArboretum有很多鸟是因为有很多种植物。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据NearyLagoon部分的uBirdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana1O-minutewalk

fromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.Awalkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmerican

Coots.（在这片宁静的绿洲，鸟鸣弥漫着空气，距离圣克鲁斯海滩的乐趣步行不到10分钟。一条走道让游客

可以在前排看到美国白骨顶等鸟类）”可知，从圣克鲁斯海滩步行就可以轻松到达NearyLagoon。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章BirdingTips部分第一点的uYou^elikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterinthe

day.（你可能会在一天的早些时候看到更多的鸟）”可知，在一天中，去得更早（在早上）会看到更多的鸟。

故选Ao

B

Intheworldofwater,2021wasanotheryearfortherecordbooks.PartsofWestemEuropesufferedfromdeadly

floodswhilelargeareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesremainedlockedinamassivedrought.

Onemightthinkthatourimpressivewatermanagementwouldsafeguardsocietyfromsuchcatastrophicevents.

Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringis

unpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcalls

camefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoffafter

severedroughtdriedupitsreservoir(水库).

Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams(水坝)thatoftenresultin

moredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.

TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompleted

project,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormy

riverbymorethanafoot.Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganic

matterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,00()gallonsperacre,creating

flexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.Thismeansfarmlandpracticessuchastheplantingofcovercropscan

notonlyraiseoutputbutimprovewatermanagement.

Solutionsdon'tcomeeasily,buttheyarekeytoalivablefuture.Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsof

climatechange,wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.

4.CapeTownismentionedtoshow.

A.thereservoirwasofnouse

B.newwatermanagementisinneed

C.howawfulitwaswithouttapwater

D.theexistingwatermanagementisimpressive

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.TheNetherlandswassparedfromflooddamage.

BTheriver'swaterlevelwasreducedtooverafoot.

C.Improvingsoil'swater-holdingabilityispractical.

D.Plantingcropsboostsorganismsatthecostofproduction.

6.Whichofthefollowingwaterprojectsmightwintheauthor'sfavor?

①"RestoringHealthySoil”

②"FillingWetland”

③''StrengtheningDam^^

(4)“MakingRoomforRiver”

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.®@

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Waterdisaster:wayoutofcontrol

B.Investmentinwater:akeytothefuture

C.Nature-basedsolution:awayoutforwater

D.Goodnews:farmingpracticesworkingwell

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍水灾频发下给水治理带来的新启示。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。由第二段中的"Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmost

ofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemost

alarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearly

forcedtobeshutoffafterseveredroughtdriedupitsreservoir（水库）.（然而，说到水，过去不再是未来的良好指

南，大多数水利工程对日益发生的极端天气的后果毫无准备。其中一个最令人震惊的警钟来自开普敦市，

在严重干旱导致水库干涸后，该市400万居民的水龙头几乎被迫关闭）”和下文“如何利用水治理应对灾害

的方法”可知，极端天气日益频繁而以前的水利工程不适用于新的变化，开普敦就是一个例子，紧接着后

文谈及应该如何做，所以提及开普敦是为了表明我们需要新的水治理方式。故选B项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤

中的有机质增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活

性）”可知，提高土壤有机物能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的。

故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤

中的有机质增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活

性）”可知，提高土壤有机物，恢复土壤健康，这能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农

业实践上是可行的，说明作者赞同①“恢复土壤健康”；由第四段中的“TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamage

fromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutby

redirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormyriverbymorethanafoot.（由于最近完成的项

目，荷兰避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，该项目通过将洪水重新导向湿地，将暴雨河流的一部分降到

一英尺以上，使河流空间得以扩展）”可知，荷兰通过最近的水利项目使河流空间得以扩展，避免了历史性

洪灾造成的重大损失，说明④“为河流腾出空间”会赢得作者的青睐；可得出作者会赞同①④水利工程。

故选D项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。由第三段Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams（水

坝）thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.（尽管这可能很有

吸引力，但解决办法是不要进一步建造更大、更高的水坝，这往往会导致更严重的洪水。相反，要更多地

利用自然过程）。最后一段中的“Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange,wecanavoidtheworst

ofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.（虽然现在避免气候变化的影响为时已

晚，但我们可以通过加大对此类基于自然的水解决方案的投资来避免最糟糕的影响）”和其它段落可知，文

章以灾害引入，进而举例谈及用基于自然的方法解决问题，结尾呼吁对自然方法的投资，C项“基于自然的

解决方案：水的出路”一语双关，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通过自然方式导出去。故选C项。

C

ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreen

businessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancial

supporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshave

gonehome.

MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.

ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanbe

recycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.

TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,

Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.

ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproduct

designdegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.

Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessesandfounda

supporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint'sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Mint

hascommittedaround£500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop'sbusiness.Thefirst

Myhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.

Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisaster

reliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.

Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambefore

thefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywill

offerreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior（夕卜部的）advertisingspace.

Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonhuryhavingsome150,000eachyear.

Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecoming

increasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.

8.44Eco-friendlytents"inparagraph1refertotents.

A.economicallydesirable

B.favorabletotheenvironment

C.forholdingmusicperformances

D.designedfordisasterrelief

9.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness.

A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMint

B.withtheapprovaloftheCity'sadministration

C.inpartnershipwithafinancegroup

D.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect

10.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.theweatherintheUK.ischangeableinsummer

B.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenair

C.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored

D.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers

11.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletents

B.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboards

C.anunusualsuccessofagraduationproject

D.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals

【答案】8.B9.C10.CILA

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。为了让大型节日庆典更环保，JamesDunlop获得灵感研发了一种可循环利用的帐

篷，目前他的想法已经得到一家公司的支持。这种新型环保帐篷有望在明年上市。

【8题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句eco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthe

crowdshavegonehome.（eco-friendly帐篷用纸板做，在乐队和人群离开回家后，可以重复使用）可知，这

种帐篷是对环境有利的。另外，根据eco-friendly的构成也可猜出其含义为“对环境有利的"。B.favorableto

theenvironment.（对环境有力的）符合eco-friendly的意思。故选B项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnew

businessesandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.（为了筹钱，他去了本地为新业务提供资金的公司，

其中财团Mint成为他的支持者）可知，Mr.Dunlop与Mint为合作关系。故选C项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句"Theycanbepersonalized”（它们可以个性化定制）暗示可以根据用户的

要求来制作，选项CthecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored（他生产的帐篷可以为使

用者专门定做）符合意思。故选C项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题o根据文章第一段中的Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-aware

music-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcan

berecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.（绿色商业的胜利一定会吸引有环保意识的音乐爱

好者，一名设计专业的学生将获得财政支持，用纸板制作环保帐篷，这些帐篷在乐队和人群回家后可以回

收）可知本篇主要讲，设计专业学生尝试使用纸板制作可回收的环保帐篷。A.anattemptatdeveloping

recyclabletents（开发可回收帐篷的尝试）可以概括本篇大意。故选A项。

D

Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Ifso,doyouenjoyitordoyouwantmoresiblings（兄弟姐妹）?

OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythatwouldallowallcouplesto

haveuptothreechildren.

Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocialgrowth,sincethisisa

criticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（强国）withaquality

workforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.

Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedeclineinthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallenge

ofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.

China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenforfouryearsinarow.Thecountry'stotalbirthrate—theaverage

numberofchildrenborntoeachwoman-stoodat1.3in2020.Thenumberisbelowtherateof2.1thatwould

maintainastablepopulation,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.

Thedecliningbirthratehasalsobroughtasharpincreaseintheproportionofthepopulationaged60orabove,

risingfrom10.3percentto18.7percentinthepastdecade.Anincreasinglyelderlypopulationwillincreasethecost

oflaborandthepressureonthesocialsecuritynet.Italsomeanstherewillbealackofyounglaborforce.Therefore,

ifsnotgoodforeconomicgrowth,accordingtoChenYouhua,aprofessoratNanjingUniversity.

Infact,thenewbirthpolicyisasteptofurtherrelaxthefamilyplanningpolicy.Theone-childpolicywas

introducedinthe1970sandaimedtocontrolthefast-growingpopulation.Thenin2013,Chinaallowedcouplesto

haveasecondchildifeitherparentwasanonlychild,andin2016,allcoupleswereallowedtohavetwochildren.

However,notallpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthislatestpolicy.Manycouplescomplainedaboutthe

risingcostsofraisingachild.AnetizennamedQinfengcommented,"Highcostofeducationandboththephysical

andmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild."Also,manywomenarereluctant（不情愿的）

togivebirthbecausethatcouldmeansacrificingtheircareerprospects,accordingtoMuGuangzong,aprofessorat

PekingUniversity.

Inthatcase,Munotedthatitisbettertoimplementsupportingmeasureswiththethree-childpolicy,suchas

morepreferential（优惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheirparentalburden.

12.WhatmightNOTbethemaincauseforthenewpolicy?

A.Toincreasethepopulation'srole.

B.Tostopthedecliningbirthrate.

C.Toimprovethechild-careservicesystem.

D.Toaddressthechallengeoftheagingpopulation.

13.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenfordecades.

B.Thegovernmentwillprotectthelegalrightsofwomeninemployment.

C.Measureswillbetakentoimprovethehigh-qualityeducation.

D.Thenewpolicyallowscouplestohaveuptothreechildren.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"implement"?

A.Tocarryout.B.Togetalongwith.

C.Tomakeuseof.D.Tohaveacommandof.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhisloveofchildrenhealthcare.

B.Tointroducethenewfamilysizepolicy.

C.Tosharehisconcernsaboutbirthrate.

D.Toemphasizethephysicalandmentalexhaustion.

【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段"Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocial

growth,sincethisisacriticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（强

国）withaqualityworkforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission4国家卫生健康委员会表示，此举预

计将最大限度地发挥人口在推动经济和社会增长中的作用，因为目前是中国将世界上人口最多的国家转变

为拥有高素质劳动力的强国的关键时刻o）"、第四段"Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedecline

inthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallengeofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.（据《中国日

报》报道，三孩政策还有望防止中国出生率的下降，并应对人口快速老龄化的挑战。）”可知，选择项A、

B、D在文中都提到过。选择项C“完善托儿服务体系”不是新政策的主要原因。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythat

wouldallowallcouplestohaveuptothreechildren45月31日，中共中央召开重要会议，公布了一项政策，允

许所有夫妇最多生育三个孩子。）可知，政府即将采取新政策，允许一对夫妻生育第三胎。故选D。

【14题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句"suchasmorepreferential（优惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheir

parentalburden.（比如为夫妇提供更多的优惠政策，以减轻他们的负担。）”可知，为了实施三孩政策，需要

配套相应的措施。所以implement应为“实施”之意。故选A。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推断，作者的写作意图

是介绍一项（家庭规模）新政策。故选B。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Narcissists（自恋者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.16Whenyoucomeacrossa

narcissisticperson,yourinitialreactionmightbeshocksbutinsomecasesthebestreactionmightbenoneatall.

Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.17Oftenthepersoncan'thelphimself-he

actuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.RememberthatNarcissisticPersonalityDisorder（NPD）is

classifiedasamentalillness.

18.Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway-leavethesituation.

Havereasonableexpectationsaboutthepersonandhisabilitytostopbeingself-absorbed.Thisisnotadisorder

thatgoesawayonitsown——oftenthepersonwillneedintensivecounselingtodealwithhisnarcissism.Suggest

counselingifyouareinacloserelationshipwiththeperson,suchasamarriage.19,hisconditionmay

improvewithtreatment

20.Anarcissistcanbeaburdenonhisfriendsandfamilyandwilloftenputothersdownasawayof

buildinghimselfup.Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorb

whathesaysasifitisthetruth.

A.Staypositiveandstrong-minded

B.Ignorethepersonwheneverpossible

C.Givehimorherahandwheneverpossible

D.Whilehemaynotbeabletostopthebehaviorcompletely

E.Oftenitisrootedinchildhoodissues,suchasabuseorneglect

F.Whenyouaresufferingfromthiskindofmentaldisorderoccasionally

G.Theymightevenlieorexaggerate（夸大）thetruthasawaytoliftthemselves

【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.D20.A

【解析】

【导语】本文为说明文，自恋者是指那些只是对自己很感兴趣的人。本文介绍了与自恋者打交道时应注意

的一些问题和建议。

【16题详解】

上文“Narcissists（自恋者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.（自恋者是指仅仅对自己感兴趣的人。他

们谈论他们自己，要求别人的钦佩和认可，并相信其他人都应该嫉妒他们）”讲述了自恋者的一些表现，只

对自己感兴趣，认为别人都应该嫉妒他，因此推断G项“他们甚至可能通过撒谎或夸大真相来提升自己”

符合语境，与上文是并列关系，谈论自恋者的一些外在表现，故选G。

【17题详解】

上文“Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.（要理解自恋是一种人格障碍）”讲述自恋是一种心理

疾病，下文uOftenthepersoncan'thelphimself—heactuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.（通常这

个人无法控制自己——他实际上相信自己比别人优越的想法）”分析这种心理疾病的根源，因此推断E项“它

通常植根于童年时期的问题，如虐待或忽视”符合语境，与下文是并列关系，分析自恋产生的根源，承上

启下。故选E。

【18题详解】

根据下文提供的建议“Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway—leavethesituation」一个自恋者会吸引别人的注意力。当这个

人开始过分地谈论自己时，最好的办法就是离开——离开这种情况）”，遇到自恋者谈论自己选择离开是最好

的办法。因此推断B项“尽可能地忽略这个人”符合语境，面对自恋者时的最好解决办法是忽视他，离开

这种情况。故选B。

【19题详解】

根据下文“hisconditionmayimprovewithtreatment（他的病情可以通过治疗改善）”可知，此处谈论如何阻止

自恋的产生，空处是一个从句，D项“尽管可能无法完全阻止这种行为”符合语境，与下文构成让步关系。

故选D。

【20题详解】

下文“Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorbwhathesaysas

ifitisthetruth.（对自己有很高的自信是重要的，以便于你不会开始相信和理解他说的似乎是事实）”建议你

要积极自信。因此推断A项“保持乐观和意志坚强”符合语境。故选A。

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题;每小题分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项。

WhenWilliams,oncealibrarian,now54-yearold,becameanelementaryschoolteacherandtutorinDanville,

Virginia,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewith21justasshehad.Butearlyon,she22some

kidshadlimited23tobooks.ToWilliams,the24wassimple:Givekidsbooks.In2017,she

25gaveaway900usedchildren'sbooksoverthreedays.Mostpeoplewouldbe26withthat.

“Iwantedtodosomethingthafsgoingto27myfaith,myworkethic,myeverything.^^Soshe

28anewgoalforherself:Giveawayonemillionbooks.Itsoundslikean29number,butas

Williams30onFacebook:"Don'tcomplaininthebleachers（露天看台）ifyouaren'twillingtoworkhard

outonthe

Soshegotdownto31,firstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooks.or32buybooks.Before

long,asnewsofWilliams'sproject33.strangersstartedleavingpacksof34onherfrontporch.

Asquicklyasthebookscomein,Williams35themtolocalschools-freeofcharge.Shealso

36abookclubforprisonersinthelocaljail.

Inthefouryearsshe'sbeendoingallthis,theBookLady,asWilliamshascometobeknown,has37

morethan78,000books―only922,000moretoreachher38!Andshe'snotslowingdown.It'stoo

importantforkidswith39options."Readingcantakeyouanywhere.Youcantravelintimeand

40.Ifyoucanread,youcanlearnalmostanything.^^

21.A.teachingB.readingC.drawingD.writing

22.A.assumedB.predi