三大从句常用连词

vi.L.v.+Pvt.+Ovt.+Oi.+Od.vt.+O+CS+名/代名/形名/代名/形/副/介短定名/代状动/形/副/句子介+Ovi.L.v.+Pvt.+Ovt.+Oi.+Od.vt.+O+CS+名(主从)名(表从)名(宾从)名/形/副/介短定名/代定从状动/形/副/句子状从介+O名词性从句从句主语、宾语、表语、同位语定语〔_____________________________〕状语名词性从句时间/地点/原因/目的/结果/让步/比较形容词性从句定语从句要注意的问题一、9个关系词的一般用法二、只能用that，不能用which的情况三、只能who或which的情况四、介词+关系词的用法五、as作关系词的用法定语从句的引导词是:that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,asas作关系代词的用法1．关系代词常出现在thesame…as,such…as,so…as等结构中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingas/thathe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.2．

as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子〔即先行词〕，可置于句首或句末。Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Marywaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.名词性从句ThattheywereonatriptoCanada

iscertain.TheytoldthepressthattheywereonatriptoCanada.ThereasonwhytheywereabsentwasthattheywereonatriptoCanada.TheideathattheywereonatriptoCanada

surprisedusall.SubjectclauseObjectclausePredicativeclauseAppositiveclause名词性从句考点1.四类连接词的用法2.定语从句vs同位语从句主语从句vs强调句3.it作形式主语和形式宾语4.从句的语气Theconjunctions1.that2.whether\if3.what,who,whom,whose,whichwhatever,whoever,whichever4.when,where,why,how不充当成分,没有具体意思不充当成分,有”是否”之意在从句中充当主、宾、表或定语在从句中充当状语比照定语从句1.Canyouanswerthequestionwherehehasgone?ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.2.Idon’tknowwhichbookIshouldchoose.Hepresentedmeabookwhichattractedmealot.定语从句vs同位语从句1.Hetoldusthenewsthatourteamhadwonthegame.2.Hetoldusapieceofnewsthatsurprisedus.主语从句vs强调句Itwasluckythattheshipbroughtyouhere.

Itwastheshipthatbroughtyouhere.Thatshipwastheone

thatbroughtyouhere.Subjectclause强调句型定语从句Thattheshipbroughtyouherewaslucky.Theshipbroughtyouhere.what在名词性从句中_____seemseasytosomepeople

seemsdifficulttoothers.TheEmperorwaspleasedby

_____theMinistertoldhimaboutthecloth.Chinaisnolonger_____sheusedtobe.Wecanlearn

_____wedidnotknow.Heistogiveusareporton

whathesawandheardinAmerica._____Iamnotquiteclearabout

isthis.Itisn’t

_____Iwant.1)“所…的”、“所…的事情〔或东西〕”Whataretobediscussedatthemeetingwillbeannouncedtomorrow.主语从句Theproblemiswhatweshoulddonext.表语从句Letusseewhatwemeanby“matter”.宾语从句Idon'tknowwhatbooksyouhavereadrecently.宾语从句what在名词性从句中“什么”、“什么样的”

复合句(从句)从句的解题步骤：什么从句?从句缺什么成分?意义注意句型、搭配引导词词义在从句中充当的成分1.that无不充当任何成分2.whether/if是否不充当任何成分3.wh-词what什么，所……的主语、宾语、表语whatever无论什么who谁主语、宾语whoever不管是谁whose谁的定语which哪一个（表选择）主语、宾语、定语whichever不管哪一个when什么时候时间状语whenever不管什么时候where哪儿地点状语wherever不管什么地方why为什么原因状语how如何，怎样方式状语however无论如何复合句(从句)–名词性从句关系词词义（表示）在从句中充当的成分关系代词that人、物主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语which物主语、宾语as物主语、宾语关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语复合句(从句)–定语从句名/代定从先行词关系词从句其他局部状语从句的类别引导词1.时间状语从句when(当…时候),whenever(无论何时),as(当…时候),while(当…时候),before(在…之前),after(在…之后),until(直到…时),since(自从…以来),assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when,themoment/thesecond,immediately/directly/instantly(一…就),everytime(每当…的时候),thefirsttime(第一次…的时候),thelasttime(最后一次…的时候)2.原因状语从句because(因为),since(既然,因为),as(因为),nowthat(既然),considering(考虑到)3.地点状语从句where(哪儿),wherever(无论何处)4.条件状语从句if(如果),unless(如果不),aslongas(只要…就),once(一旦),sofaras(就…而言),onconditionthat(条件是…),onlyif(只要…)复合句(从句)–状语从句5.结果状语从句that,sothat(因此),so…that(如此…以致),such…that(如此…以致)6.目的状语从句inorderthat(为了),sothat(为了),lest/incase(以免,以防),forfearthat(以免)7.让步状语从句evenif/eventhough(即使),though/although(虽然),whether…or(不管…还是),as(尽管)8.比较状语从句than(比),as(像…一样)9.方式状语从句asif/asthough(仿佛,好像),as(像…一样)复合句(从句)–状语从句非谓语不定式考点难点归纳:1．作主语，宾语时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb。Itisnecessaryforustodosomeexercise.Itisniceofyoutocomehear.Wemadeitpossibleforthemtocompletethework.不定式做宾补2．吾看三室两厅一感觉，宾补要把to甩开；(主动)五看Lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;三使役make,let,have;两听listento,hear,一感觉feel.-ED分词1.用法：(在句子中做什么成分)1〕_______ThenovelwrittenbyLuXunisworthreading.2〕_______Heappeared,followedbyalittleboy.3〕_______Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.4)_______I'minterestedinthisstory.(表示主语所处的状态)(感到……)区别：_______：Thefilmisveryinteresting.(表示主语的性质、特征)(使……)5〕________Thespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfunderstood.区别：_______:Thespeakercouldn’tmakethestudentsunderstand.2.区别：-ing表示主动和进行，-ed表示被动和完成。todo表示主动和将来

3．及物动词的过去分词有完成，被动的意义不及物动词的过分分词只有完成意义。BoiledwaterFallenleaves4．用作状语的过去分词在意义=状语从句〔注意分词短语的逻辑主语〕Seenfromthetower,ourcitylooksverybeautiful.1.非谓语动词〔-ING，-ED，TODO〕作定语看与被修饰词的关系Theboy____________(stand)thereisTom.Thebook______________(write)byhimsellswell.作状语看与主句主语的关系____________(hear)thenews,theygotexcited.___________(give)achance,Icansurprisetheworld.作宾补看与宾语的关系Ihavethelight_____________(burn)allthelight.Ican’tmakemyself________________(understand)atthemeeting.总结2.非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生，非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。〔被动含义的要加上语态的变化〕例1：HeissaidtohavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.(非谓语动词动作发生在前)2.动名词例1：Heforgothavingpromisedtowritethingsforus.〔非谓语动词动作发生在前。〕3.分词例1：Havingwrittenhiscomposition,hewenttohaveahearttohearttalkwithWang.(非谓语动词动作发生在前)

With的复合结构，常用作状语。Withthelightburning,heleftthehouse.Heislisteningtothemusic,withhiseyeshalfclosed.Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgotothepartytonight.

独立成分做状语Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,horsescanrunfasterthandonkeys.总的来说，马比驴跑得快。(speaking并不是horses的动作)

独立主格结构：有时动词-ING形式或-ED分词有它们自己的独立主语，这种主语常常是名词或主格代词，放在动词-ING或-ED分词之前，这种结构叫做独立结构，做状语。1.Timepermitting,weshallstarttomorrow.2.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.3.Thejobfinished,wewenthomestraightaway.1.只能接ing作宾语的动词：2.只能接todo作宾语的动词

3.既能接todo,又能接ing，但意思不同的动词或词组：1.只能接ing作宾语的动词：建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest，advise，stop，resist，deny,enjoy，appreciate,imagine，finish，escape)成认借口--推迟实践(admit，excuse，pardon,delay，practice)认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得防止冒险(consider，keep，mind，understand，avoid，miss，risk)另外几个短语succeedin,bebusy(in),beworth,beusedto,giveup,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,Stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,putoff,havedifficulty/trouble(in)和介词后等短语。2.只能接todo作宾语的动词：offer(提出)，learn(学会)，intend，plan(打算)demand，ask(要求)，promise(容许)，help(帮助)，prepare(准备)，decidedetermine(决定)，refuse(拒绝)，dare(敢于)，manage(设法)，wish，hopewant，expect(希望，想要)，fail，pretend(假装)，choose(甘愿)3.既能接todo,又能接ing，但意思不同的动词或词组：Remember,forget,mean,goon,try,stop,regret,can’thelp巧记，Remember/forget/regretdoing记得忘记，遗憾懊悔已经做过某事Todo记得，忘记，遗憾地去做某事〔还没有做〕Stopdoing停下正在做的事Todo停下来做另外一件事Trydoing尝试做某事Todo努力做某事Meandoing意味着做某事Todo打算做某事〔plantodo〕Goondoing继续做没有做完原来的同一件事Todo继续做另外一件事Can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事Todo不能帮助做某事情态动词的猜测作用一、对现在的猜测1、办公室里的灯还亮着,也许/一定有人在里面。2、办公室里的灯已关了，也许/肯定没人在里面。Thelightisstillonintheoffice.Theremay/might/mustbesomeoneinit.Thelightisoutintheoffice.Themaynot/mightnot/can’tbeanyoneinit.maybemightbemustbeCannotbe二、对正在进行的动作进行推测1、医生先一定在给他做手术。2、他不可能再写信。他昨天已经寄了。3、他可能他思考你提出的问题。4、你没必要站在雨里，我们可以到楼里避雨。Thedoctormustbeoperatingonhimnow.Hecan’tbewritingtheletternow.Hepostityesterday.Hemay/mightbethinkingaboutthequestionsyouraisedYouneedn’tbestandingintherain.Wemighttakeshelterinthebuilding.mustbedoingcan’tbedoingmay/mightbedoingneedn’tbedoing三、对过去事情的推测〔A〕1、昨天,他可能/一定上学了。2、他也许还没有上学。3、他不可能已经上学了。Hemay/might/musthavegonetoschoolyesterday.Hemay/mightnothavegonetoschool.Hecan’t/couldn’thavegonetoschool.may/might/musthavedonecan’t/maynot/mightnothavedone1、他应该早5分钟来到。2、他不应该告诉她这个消息。3、你本可以做得更好，但你太粗心了。4、你怎么能忘记这么重要的事情呢？5、你没必要那样认真，这只是一个玩笑而已。三、对过去事情的推测〔B〕Heshould/oughttohavecome5minutesearlier.Heshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavetoldherthenews.Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouweretoocareless.Howcouldyouhaveforgottensuchanimportantthing?(no”may”)Youneedn’thavebeenthatserious.Itwasonlyakidding.1.should/oughttohavedone2.couldhavedone3.shouldn’t/oughtn’thavedone4.needn’thavedone倒装完全倒装1.当以there,here,out,in,up,down,away，such,then,now等副词开头的句子Ourteachercamein.2.表地点状语的介词短语放在句首Afatmansatunderabigtree,halfasleep.

局部倒装:否认副词not,never,seldom,nowhere,little,rarely，hardly,scarcely,barely,nowhere,bynomeans,atnotime,neither,nor放于句首时要用倒装句式。

2.notonly…butalso连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装，后面一个句子不倒装。

HenotonlyspeaksEnglishverywell,butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…,notuntil….句型中，当onsooner,hardly,scarcely,notuntil位于句首时主句倒装，从句不倒

Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.4.only+状语+倒装

Iknewwhathadhappenedonlywhenhetoldmethenews.5.so+形容词/副词放于句首,主句倒装构成倒装。Theworkwassoeasythattheyfinisheditina