2019年10月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

00830201910

1、【单选题】______providesspeakerswithanopportunitytotalkaboutawide

rangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandplace.()

Arbitrariness

Productivity

A:

Duality

B:

Displacement

C:

答D:案：D

解析：(1P13)

2、【单选题】[3:][ə]and[ʌ]arethe______vowelsinEnglish.()

front

semi-open

A:

central

B:

back

C:

答D:案：C

解析：(2P27)

3、【单选题】Therootofthewordcarelessnessis______()

care

careless

A:

-less

B:

-ness

C:

答D:案：A

解析：(3P51)

4、【单选题】Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthe______

structureoflanguage.()

sound

word

A:

sentence

B:

C:

meaning

答D:案：C

解析：(4P59)

5、【单选题】Thesenserelationbetweenthetwowordsflowerandroseis______

()

antonymy

hyponymy

A:

homonymy

B:

polysemy

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(5P102)

6、【单选题】Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffect

successfulcommunicationiscommonlycalled______()

semantics

syntax

A:

pragmatics

B:

sociolinguistics

C:

答D:案：C

解析：(6P112)

7、【单选题】Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthat

studieslanguage______.()

change

fact

A:

grammar

B:

presence

C:

答D:案：A

解析：(7P125)

8、【单选题】Variationinlanguageusewhichisassociatedwiththesexof

individualspeakersis______()

age

gender

A:

register

B:

slang

C:

答D:案：B

解析：(8P187)

9、【单选题】Thelanguagecenterthatisresponsibleforconvertingvisual

stimulusintoanauditoryformandviceversaiscalleda(n)______.()

Broca'sarea

Wernicke's’area

A:

motorarea

B:

angulargyrus

C:

答D:案：D

解析：(9P219)

10、【单选题】10P273Inlanguagelearning,______isdefinedintermsofthe

learner'soverallgoalororientation.()

motivation

aptitude

A:

acculturation

B:

personality

C:

答D:案：A

解析：(10P273)

11、【判断题】()Phonologistsareinterestedinhowsoundsareputtogetherand

usedtoconveymeaningincommunication.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FLinguistsareinterestedinhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedto

conveymeaningincommunication.(1P2)

12、【判断题】()[p][b][m]aretheonlythreebilabialconsonantsinEnglish.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FTheEnglishbilabialsare[p][b][m][w].(2P25)

13、【判断题】()Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelations.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T(3P52)

14、【判断题】()Movea(Alpha)means“moveanywordtoanyplace.”

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FWhatMoveasaysis"moveanyconstituenttoanyplace."(4P85)

15、【判断题】()Referenceistheinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FSenseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

(5P96)

16、【判断题】()Aperlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker's

intention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FAnillocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker'sintention;

itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.(6P117)

17、【判断题】()Linguisticchangeoccursinallcomponentsofthegrammar,

includingchangesinthesound,morphological,syntactic,lexical,andsemantic

systems.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T(7P131)

18、【判断题】()Acreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecome

establishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T(8P176)

19、【判断题】()Cerebralcortexintheoutsidesurfaceofthebrainisthemost

importantpartofthebrain.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T(9P212)

20、【判断题】()AccordingtoKrashen,learningreferstothegradualand

subconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyin

dailycommunicativesituations.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FAccordingtoKrashen,acquisitionreferstothegradualand

subconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturally

indailycommunicativesituations.(10P265)

21、【问答题】Whatisthedeletionrule?Explainyouranswerwithexamples.

答案：(1)DeletionruleisoneofthephonologicalrulesIttellsuswhen

soundistobedeletedalthoughitisorthographicallyrepresented.(2)Inthe

pronunciationofsuchwordsassign,design,andparadigm,thereisno[g]

soundalthoughitisrepresentedinspellingbytheletterg.Butintheir

correspondingformssignature,designation,andparadigmatic,the

[g]representedbythelettergispronounced.Therulecanbestatedas:

Deletea[g]whenitoccursbeforeafinalnasalconsonant.Giventherule,

thephonemicrepresentationofthestemsinsign-signature,resign-

resignation,phlegm-phlegmaticparadigm-paradigmaticwillincludethephoneme

/g/,whichwillbedeletedaccordingtotheregularruleifnosuffixisadded.

(2P39)

22、【问答题】Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesoflanguagechange?Explainyour

answerwithexamples.

答案：(1)Soundassimilation.Forexample,theOldEnglishwordEngla-land

(thelandoftheAngles")cametobepronounced"England"throughthe

assimilationof"la-la"sounds.Anotherexampleofsoundassimilationinvolves

vowelnasalization.Forexample,whenthevowel/a/in/an/assimilatesto

thenasalityofthefollowingnasalconsonant/n/,itthenbecomesa

nasalized/a/.(2)Rulesimplificationandregularization.Forexample,Modern

Englishhasasmallclassofexceptionalnounsinwhichthefinalvoiceless

fricativemustbevoicedinthepluralform,suchasthe"leaf/leaves"pair.

(3)Internalborrowing.Forexample,byanalogytothepluralformation

of"foe-s"and"dog-s",speakersstartedsaying"cows"asthepluralof

"cow"insteadoftheearlierplural"kine".(4)Elaboration.Forexample,the

syntacticsystemofModernEnglishismorecomplexthanthatofOldEnglish,

imposingastricterwordorderonthelanguage.(5)Sociologicaltriggers.A

typicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglishistheNormanConquest,amilitary

eventthatmarkedthedawningoftheMiddleEnglishperiod.(6)Cultural

transmission.Forexample,whileoldpeopletendtocallarefrigerator

"icebox",theyoungergenerationismoreoftenheardspeakingoftenheard

speakingof"fridge”.(7)Children'sapproximationtowardtheadultgrammar.

Forexample,adultsmaysay"It'sI"atcertaintimesandsay"It'sme"at

othertimeswhentheoccasionislessformal.Childrentendtousetheless

formalstyleandconsequently,adoptthe"me"variantconsistentlyinthis

construction.Insuchcases,achangeinthegrammaroccurs.(7P155)

23、【填空题】Chomskydefines_p_______astheactualrealizationoftheideal

user'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.

答案：performance(1P7)

24、【填空题】Thearticulatoryorgansofhumanbeingarecontainedinthree

importantareasorcavities:thepharyngealcavity,theoralcavityandthe_n_

______cavity.

答案：nasal(2P17)

25、【填空题】Morphemesthatcannotstandalone,butmustbecombinedwith

othermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b_______morphemes.

答案：bound(3P51)

26、【填空题】Normally,asentenceconsistsofatleasta_s_______andits

predicate.

答案：subject(4P61)

27、【填空题】The_c_______viewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweena

linguisticformandwhatitrefersto.

答案：conceptualist(5P92)

28、【填空题】Ifyousaywhatyoubelievetobefalseinconversation,you

violatethemaximof_q_______.

答案：quality(6P121)

29、【填空题】Manyofthemostbasicterms,suchasman,eatandhouseinthe

Englishlanguageoriginatefrom_O_______English.

答案：Old(7P129)

30、【填空题】Asociolinguisticsituationinwhichtwodifferentvarietiesof

languageco-existinaspeechcommunication,eachwithadistinctrangeofpurely

socialfunctionandappropriateforcertainsituations,iscalled_d_______.

答案：diglossia(8P177)

31、【填空题】Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called

_h_______,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

答案：hemispheres(9P212)

32、【填空题】Ingeneral,languageacquisitionreferstochildren'sdevelopment

oftheir_f_______language.

答案：first(10P239)

33、【名词解释】language

答案：Languageissystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor

humancommunication.(1P9)

34、【名词解释】broadtranscription

答案：Broadtranscriptionisoneofthetwowaystotranscribespeechsounds.

Itisthetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonly.Itisnormallyused

indictionariesandteachingtextbooks.Forexample,thesymbol[I]isused

forthesound[1]inwordslikeleaf[li:f],feel[fi:l],build[bild],and

health[helθ],thoughthe[1]inallthesefoursoundcombinationsdiffer

slightly.(2P21)

35、【名词解释】compounding

答案：Compoundingisthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowords

tocreatenewwords(3P55)

36、【名词解释】sotheX-bartheory

答案：TheX-bartheoryreferstoageneralandhighlyabstractschemathat

collapsesallphrasestructurerulesintosingleformat:XP→(Spec)X(Compl)

(4P8)

37、【名词解释】synonymy

答案：Synonymyreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.Words

thatarecloseinmeaningarecalledsynonyms.Forexample,petrolandgasoline.

(5P97)

38、【名词解释】speechacttheory

答案：Speechacttheory,proposedbyJohnAustin,isanimportanttheoryin

thepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Itaimstoanswerthequestion"Whatdowe

dowhenusinglanguage?"Austinsuggestedaspeakermightbeperforming

threeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionaryact,

andperlocutionaryact.Thespeechacttheoryprovidedgreatphilosophical

insightintothenatureoflinguisticcommunication.(6P11