2022年4月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

0083020224

1、【单选题】A_______studyoflanguagestudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentof

languageoveraperiodoftime.

comparative

diachronic

A:

synchronic

B:

descriptive

C:

答D:案：B

2、【单选题】Therearewordsineverylanguagethatimitatenaturalsounds,such

asrumble,cackle,bang,and_______.

climb

crash

A:

scheme

B:

rotate

C:

答D:案：B

3、【单选题】Ofthefollowingfourmorphemes,_______belongstotheinflectional

morpheme.

geo-

dis-

A:

-less

B:

-ing

C:

答D:案：D

4、【单选题】A_______sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichis

incorporatedintotheother.

compound

coordinate

A:

simple

B:

complex

C:

答D:案：D

5、【单选题】Thesenserelationbetweenthetwosentences“Jasonhasbeento

London”and“JasonhasbeentoBritain”isthatof_______.

synonymy

inconsistence

A:

entailment

B:

presupposition

C:

答D:案：C

6、【单选题】Whenthenotionof_______istakenintoconsideration,semantics

developsintopragmatics.

context

grammar

A:

word

B:

meaning

C:

答D:案：A

7、【单选题】MajorrulechangesinthestructureofEnglishsentencestookplace

intheirword_______.

meanings

structures

A:

orders

B:

formation

C:

答D:案：C

8、【单选题】Alanguagevarietythatisappropriateforuseinaparticular

speechsituationiscalled_______.

register

sociolect

A:

pidgin

B:

creole

C:

答D:案：A

9、【单选题】TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisisabouttherelationshipbetween

_______.

languageandspeech

writingandspeech

A:

writingandthought

B:

C:

languageandthought

答D:案：D

10、【单选题】Ofthefollowingfactors,_______isNOTanindividuallearner

factor.

personality

aptitude

A:

input

B:

motivation

C:

答D:案：C

11、【判断题】Withhisperfectknowledgeofhisownlanguage,aspeakershould

notmakemistakesinactualuse,e.g.,slipsofthetongue,andunnecessarypauses.

True

False

A:

答B:案：B

解析：Withhisperfectknowledgeofhisownlanguage,aspeaker【canstill】

makemistakesinactualuse,e.g.,slipsofthetongue,andunnecessarypauses.

12、【判断题】InEnglish,alltheroundedvowelsarebackvowels.

True

False

A:

答B:案：A

13、【判断题】Accordingtotheirpositioninthenewword,rootsaredividedinto

twokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.

True

False

A:

答B:案：B

解析：Accordingtotheirpositioninthenewword,【affixes】aredividedinto

twokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.

14、【判断题】AccordingtoChomsky,UGisasystemoflinguisticknowledgeofa

speechcommunity.

True

False

A:

答B:案：B

解析：AccordingtoChomsky,UGisasystemoflinguisticknowledgeofa

【normalhumanbeing】.

15、【判断题】Thebasicunitinsemanticanalysisofasentenceispredication.

True

False

A:

答B:案：A

16、【判断题】Alocutionaryactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.

True

False

A:

答B:案：A

17、【判断题】ThehistoryofEnglishlexicallossischaracterizedwithheavy

borrowingandwordformation.

True

False

A:

答B:案：B

解析：ThehistoryofEnglishlexical【expansion】ischaracterizedwith

heavyborrowingandwordformation.

18、【判断题】When“lowIQ”isusedfor“stupid”,itisaninstanceof

euphemism.

True

False

A:

答B:案：A

19、【判断题】Asfarastherelationoflanguageandthoughtisconcerned,one

canthinkonlybylanguage.

True

False

A:

B:

答案：B

解析：Asfarastherelationoflanguageandthoughtisconcemed,one【may

thinkwithout】language.

20、【判断题】AccordingtoKrashen,languageacquisitioniscontrastedwith

languagelearninginSLAprocess.

True

False

A:

答B:案：A

21、【问答题】Whatisthebasicdifferencebetweenavowelandaconsonant?And

giveexamplesforillustration.

答案：Thebasicdifferencebetweenavowelandaconsonantisthatin

thepronunciationofavowel,theairthatcomesfromthelungsmeetswith

noobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthatof

aconsonantitisobstructedinonewayoranother.Forexample,whenastop

[d]ispronounced,thetotalorcompleteobstructioniscreatedbythespeech

organs;whenthecentralvowel[a]ispronounced,theairfromthelungsmeets

withnoobstruction,withthecentralpartofthetongueholdinghighest.

22、【问答题】Towhatextentdoyouthinksociologicaltriggersleadtolanguage

change?Andgiveexamplesforillustration.

答案：Linguistshavebecomeincreasinglyawareofsociologicaltriggersfor

languagechange.Radicalsocio-politicalchangessuch

aswars,invasions,occupation,colonialization,andlanguageplanning

andstandardizationpoliciesleadtovigorouslanguagechanges.Atypical

exampleinthehistoryofEnglishistheNormanConquest,amilitaryeventthat

markedthedawningoftheMiddleEnglishperiod.

23、【填空题】Thestudyofallthesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelation

withsocietyformthecoreofthebranchcalleds_______.

答案：sociolinguistics

24、【填空题】V_______ofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsounds

called“voicing”.

答案：Vibration

25、【填空题】Wordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemeandcanstandalonecanbe

calledf_______morphemes.

答案：free

26、【填空题】Syntacticrulescomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguistic

knowledgeofalanguagespeakerknownaslinguisticc_______.

答案：competence

27、【填空题】Accordingtothen_______theory,thewordsusedinalanguageare

takentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

答案：naming

28、【填空题】Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledge

sharedbythespeakerandtheh_______.

答案：hearer

29、【填空题】ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

isdividedintotheperiodofO_______,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.

答案：Old

30、【填空题】Alinguistict_______referstoawordorexpressionthatis

prohibitedby“polite'"societyfromgeneraluse.

答案：taboo

31、【填空题】Languagefunctionsarebelievedtobelateralizedprimarilyinthe

l_______ofthebrain.

答案：left

32、【填空题】B_______theorysuggestedthatachild'sverbalbehaviorwas

conditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.

答案：Behaviorist

33、【名词解释】psycholinguistics

答案：Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology,whichaims

toanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenweuselanguage,and

howweasinfantsacquireourmothertongue.

34、【名词解释】tone

答案：Atoneisapitchvariation,causedbythedifferingratesofvibration

ofvocalcords.

35、【名词解释】morphology

答案：Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheintemalstructureof

wordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

36、【名词解释】combinationalrules

答案：Combinationalrulesarerulesthatgroupwordsorphrasestoform

grammaticalsentences.

37、【名词解释】antonymy

答案：Antonymyreferstooppositenessofmeaning.

38、【名词解释】perlocutionaryact

答案：Perlocutionaryactistheactperformedbyorresultingfrom

sayingsomething;itistheeffectof,orthechangebroughtaboutby