2023年4月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

0083020234

1、【单选题】"FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteor

infinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafiniteset

ofelements."Thisdefinitionoflanguagewasproposedby______.

Saussure

Sapir

A:

Hall

B:

Chomsky

C:

答D:案：D

解析：“从现在开始，我将认为语言是一个句子的集合（有限的或无限的），每个句子的

长度都是有限的，并由一个有限的元素集构成。”提出了这个语言的定义的是乔姆斯基。

2、【单选题】OfthefollowingtranscriptionsofEnglishwords，______is

representedinnarrowtranscription.

[li:f]

[bild]

A:

[pbit]

B:

[helθ]

C:

答D:案：C

解析：严式标音（narrowtranscription），又叫做严式转写、音素标音，它是一种详尽

记录发音特征和差别的标音，用于语音学家对语音的研究。四个选项中只有C符合。

3、【单选题】______isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructure

ofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

Morphology

Phonology

A:

Semantics

B:

Syntax

C:

答D:案：A

解析：形态学是语法的一个分支，它研究单词的内部结构和单词形成的规则。

4、【单选题】Theincorporated,orsubordinatecauseisnormallycalleda(n)

______clause,andtheotherclauseiscalleda(n)______clause.

matrix...embedded

independent...dependent

A:

dependent...independent

B:

embedded...matrix

C:

答D:案：D

解析：复合句包含两个或更多子句，其中一个子句被并入另一个子句中。也就是说，复合

句中的两个子句在地位上是不同的，其中一个子句从属于另一个子句。被合并的子句或者

说居于从属地位的子句通常叫做从属子句，而包纳从属子句的这个子句被称作主句。

5、【单选题】The______viewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweena

linguisticformandwhatitrefersto;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaning

theyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.

behaviorist

conceptualist

A:

constructivist

B:

contextualist

C:

答D:案：B

解析：概念主义观点认为，语言形式和它所指的东西之间(即语言和现实世界之间)没有直

接联系;相反，在对意义的解释中，它们是通过心灵中概念的中介联系在一起的。奥格登

和理查兹提出的经典意义语义三角最能说明这一点。

6、【单选题】"Berelevant"isaninterpretationof______undertheCooperative

Principle.

themaximofquantity

themaximofquality

A:

themaximofrelation

B:

themaximofmanner

C:

答D:案：C

解析：交际者在交际中要遵循4项准则，数量准则，质量准则，关联准则和方式准则。

“相关”是合作原则下关联准则的解释。

7、【单选题】Intermsoflanguagefamily,Latinbelongstothe______.

Indo-EuropeanFamily

A:

Sino-TibetanFamily

AustronesianFamily

B:

AfroasiaticFamily

C:

答D:案：A

解析：在语系中，拉丁语属于印欧语系。

8、【单选题】A______communityisagroupofpeoplewhoformcommunity,and

sharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.

regional

speech

A:

social

B:

dialect

C:

答D:案：B

解析：言语共同体是指组成共同体的一群人，他们共享相同的语言或特定种类的语言。

9、【单选题】Manyofthecognitiveabilitiesthatdistinguishhumansfromother

mammals,suchassophisticatedreasoning,linguisticskills,andmusicalability,

arebelievedtoresideinthe______.

cortex

forehead

A:

angulargyrus

B:

Broca'sarea

C:

答D:案：A

解析：大脑中最重要的一部分是位于大脑外面表层的被称为大脑皮层的东西。大脑皮层是

决定作出的器官，它负责从所有的感官接收信息并引发所有的随意活动。许多人类所特有

的、区别于其他哺乳动物的认识能力和复杂的推理能力、语言技能及音乐才能等据信都是

在大脑皮层进行的。

10、【单选题】Whenachildstartsstringingmorethantwowordstogether,the

utterancesmaybetwo,three,four,orfivewordsorlonger,hencethe______stage.

babbling

multiword

A:

one-word

B:

two-word

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：儿童在两三岁的时候，开始说更长的具有更复杂语法结构的话。当儿童的话语超过

两个词后，就出现了两词、三词、四词、五词或更长的话语，此阶段被称为多语句阶段。

11、【判断题】Modernlinguisticsconsidersthewrittenformasmorebasicthan

thespokenform.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothespokenformof

language,whichisconsideredasmorebasicthanthewrittenformforanumber

ofreasons.

12、【判断题】ThebasicprincipleoftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)is

usingadifferentletterforeachdistinguishablespeechsound.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

13、【判断题】“Geo-"isanaffixinthewordof"geology".

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

14、【判断题】Nouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongtominorlexical

categories.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Nouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongtoMajorlexical

categories

15、【判断题】Thesentence"Myunmarriedsisterismarriedtoabachelor"is

acontradiction.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

16、【判断题】"Hi!"and"Goodmorning!"aretwosentences.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

17、【判断题】ThepronunciationofOldEnglishisverydifferentfromitsmodern

form.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

18、【判断题】Alldialectsofalanguageareequallyeffectiveinexpressing

ideas.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

19、【判断题】Thethreeareasofthebrain:Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaand

theangulargyrus,whicharevitaltolanguagearealllocalizedintheright

hemisphere.

正确

A:

错误

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Brocasarea,Wernicke’sareaandangulargyrusarealllocated

inthelefthemisphereofthebrain.

20、【判断题】Languageacquisitionisageneticallydeterminedcapacitythatall

humansarebornwith.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Languageac-quisitionisageneraltermusedtorefertothe

developmentofaperson’sfirst,second,orforeignlanguage.

21、【问答题】WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds?

答案：Englishcompoundspossessthemainfeaturesbelow,despitetheir

variousformations.(1)Orthographically,anEnglishcompoundcanbewrittenas

onewordwithorwithoutahypheninbetween,orastwoseparatewords,e.g.

toothpick,kick-off,readingroom.HowanEnglishcompoundiswrittenisa

matterofconvention.(2)Syntactically,thepartofspeechofthecompoundis

generallydeterminedbythepartofspeechofthesecondelement,butthereare

manyexceptions,especiallywiththosecompoundsendingwithaverboran

adverboraprep¬osition.(3)Semantically,themeaningofanEnglishcompound

isoftenidiomatic,notalwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningofits

components.Forexample,agreen¬housedoesnotmeanahousewhichisgreen.

(4)Phonetically,thestressofanEnglishcompoundalwaysfallsonthe

firstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.For

example,runningdogcanbepronouncedrunningdogorrunningdogwhichmean

quitedifferently.Theformermeansmetaphoricallyapersonwhofollows

anotherpersonobedientlyinhiswrongdoing,whilethelattermeansadogwhich

isrunning.

22、【问答题】Thewordsinthesentence“Thestudentslikethenewteacher”

canbedividedintodifferentstrings.Whichdivisionofthefollowingtwois

acceptabletonativespeakersofEnglish?(1)The/studentslike/thenew/teacher.

(2)Thestudents/like/thenewteacher.Giveoutthereason(s)foryourchoiceand

illustrateitsconstituentstructurewithatreediagram.

答案：

Ichosethesecondone.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedby

constituentstruc¬turetrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethe

linearorderofwordsandtheirhierarchicalstructure.Thefirstoneisnot

suitable.SuchdivisionssoundmostunnaturaltoEnglishnativespeakers

accordingtotheirlinguisticknowledge.Intuitively,Englishspeakersdivide

thesesentencesinthewaythatobviouslyfollowsaparticularhierarchical

order,asisshowninthesecondone.Thistypeofsegmentationtruthfully

revealsthehierarchicalnatureofsentencestructure:sentencesareorganized

withwordsofthesamesyntacticcategory,suchasnounphrase(NP)orverb

phrase(VP),groupedtogether.

23、【填空题】Chomskydefinesc______astheidealuser'sknowledgeofrulesof

hislanguage.

答案：Competence

24、【填空题】Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentence

ratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi______.

答案：intonation

25、【填空题】Intermsofwordendings,Englishissimplerthansomeother

languagessuchasRussian,French,andGerman,asinitshistoricaldevelopmentit

hasdroppedquiteafewofitsi______affixes.

答案：inflectional

26、【填空题】Theh______orderofasentencecanbebestillustratedwitha

treediagramofconstituentstructure.

答案：hierarchical

27、【填空题】Whenpairwordssuchasrain/reign,night/knight,piece/peaceare

identicalinsound,theyareh______.

答案：homophones

28、【填空题】Thenotionofc______isessentialtothepragmaticstudyof

language.Itisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythe

speakerandthehearer.

答案：context

29、【填空题】Englishhasundergonedramaticchangesthroughoutthethreemajor

periodsofOldEnglish,M______EnglishandModernEnglish.

答案：Middle

30、【填空题】S______isacasualuseoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressive

butnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoften

ephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeechcharacterizedbyspontaneityand

sometimesbyraciness.

答案：Slang

31、【填空题】P______isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

答案：Psycholinguistics

32、【填空题】TheC______Analysisapproachwasfoundedonthebeliefthatit

waspossible,byestablishingthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenthenativeand

targetlanguagesystems,topredictwhatproblemslearnersofaparticular

secondlanguagewouldfaceandthetypesoferrorstheywouldmake.

答案：componentional

33、【名词解释】performance

答案：performancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgein

linguisticcommunication.

34、【名词解释】assimilationrule

答案：Assimilationrule—ruleassimilatingonesoundsimilartothefollowing

onebycopyingoneofitsphoneticfeatures，e.g.bean［bi:n］.

35、【名词解释】boundmorphemes

答案：Boundmorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombined

withothermor¬phemestoformwordsthatcanbeusedindependently.

36、【名词解释】universalgrammar

答案：UniversalGrammarisasystemoflinguisticknowledgewhichconsistsof

somegeneralprinciplesandparametersaboutnaturallanguage.

37、【名词解释】antonyms

答案：Apairofcomplementaryantonymsischaracterizedbythefeaturethat

thedenialofonememberofthepairimpliestheassertionoftheother.In

otherwords,itisnotamatterofdegreebetweentwoextremes,butamatter

ofeitheroneortheother.Forexample,aliveanddead,maleandfemale.

38、【名词解释】conversationalimplicatures

答案：Theuseofconversationalmaximstoimplymeaningduringconversation.

39、【名词解释】compounding

答案：Compoundingisaprocessofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonelexical

unit.Forex¬ample,sailboat,big-mouth.

40、【名词解释】rightearadvantage

答案：Indiachroniclisteningtests,thewordpresented