2022年4月自考00832英语词汇学试题及答案含解析

英语词汇学年月真题

0083220224

1、【单选题】Thefactthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythan

spellingovertheyearsresultsin______.

moreandmoredifferencesbetweensoundandform

theconventionalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning

A:

thearbitrarysymbolicconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning

B:

thedifferentsoundsofthesameconceptindifferentlanguages

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Thefactthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling

overtheyearsresultsinmoreandmoredifferencesbetweensoundandform.(多年

来，发音的变化比拼写的变化快，这一事实导致声音和形式之间的差异越来越大)P8

2、【单选题】TheEnglishvocabularycanbeclassifiedbydifferentcriteriaand

fordifferentpurposes.Wordsmayfallintothecontentwordsandfunctional

wordsby______

origin

notion

A:

usefrequency

B:

symbolicmeaning

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Wordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularyby

usefrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,andinto

nativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin.(词汇按使用频率可分为基本词库和非基本

词汇，按概念可分为内容词和虚词，按来源可分为本族词和外来词。)P10-11

3、【单选题】Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginal

pronunciationandspellingWhichofthefollowingwordsbelongstoaliens?

kowtow

port

A:

mothertongue

B:

longtimenosee

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginal

pronunciationandspelling.(外国人是保留了原有发音和拼写的外来词。)

4、【单选题】TheIndo-Europeanlanguageismadeupofmostofthelanguages

ofEurope,___,andindia.

Asia

Africa

A:

theNearEast

B:

theFarWest

C:

答D:案：C

解析：TheIndo-EuropeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,the

NearEast，andIndia(印欧语系由欧洲、近东和印度的大多数语言组成。)P23

5、【单选题】IntheearlyModernEnglish,Europesawanewupsurgeoflearning

ancientGreekandRomanclassics.Thisisknowninhistoryasthe

industrialization

ElizabethanAge

A:

Renaissance

B:

VictorianAge

C:

答D:案：C

解析：IntheearlyperiodofModernEnglish,Europesawanewupsurgeof

learningancientGreekandRomanclassicsThisisknowninhistoryas

theRenaissance.(在现代英语早期，欧洲掀起了学习古希腊罗马经典的新热潮。这在历史

上被称为文艺复兴。)P28

6、【单选题】ModermEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughchannelsof_,semantic

change,andborrowing.

loaning

expansion

A:

lexicalchange

B:

creation

C:

答D:案：D

解析：Onthebasisofthediscussionsofarinthischapterwecanconclude

thatmodernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:creation

semanticchangeandborrowing(根据本章迄今为止的讨论，我们可以得出结论，现代英语

词汇的发展通过三个渠道:创造、语义变化和借用。)P31

7、【单选题】Monomorphemicwordsarerealizedbysinglemorphssuchas________.

seed

beds

A:

wanted

B:

desiring

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Mostmorphemesarerealizedbysinglemorphs.Thesemorphemescoincide

withwordsastheycanstandbythemselvesandfunctionfreelyinasentence.

Wordsofthiskindarecalledmonomorphemicwords.(大多数语素是由单个语素实现

的。这些语素与单词重合，因为它们可以独立存在并在句子中自由发挥作用。这种词被称

为单态词。)P38

8、【单选题】Themorphemeofthepasttensemarker/-ed/ispronounced

as/t/inworked,/d/inlivedand/d/inlanded.Thisexampleshows______.

morphemesareabstractunits

morphsareactualspokenminimalcarriersofmeaning

A:

almorphsarephonticallyconditionedandthuspredictable

B:

monomorphemicwordscoincidewithwordsandfunctionfreelyinasentence

C:

答D:案：C

解析：题干表明变体在语音上是有条件的，因此是可预测的。P38。(2022年04月试题)

9、【单选题】Amongthefollowingwords,“______”doesNOThavederivational

affixes.

pushy

happier

A:

upward

B:

postwar

C:

答D:案：B

解析：派生词缀(derivationalaffixes)主要是加前缀或者后缀;屈折词缀主要包括复数、

第三人称单数、分词形式、比较级等形式。B项属于曲折词缀。P41。

10、【单选题】Thefollowingwordshaveprefixesoftimeororder

EXCEPT:”______”

pro-student

reconsider

A:

foretell

B:

ex-professor

C:

答D:案：A

解析：pro是表示方向的前缀。其他三项都是表示时间的前缀。P48。

11、【单选题】Redmeatrefersto“beef”or“lamb”ratherthananymeatthatis

redincolor.Thisexampleshowsthatcompoundsaredifferentfromfree

phrasesin________feature.

phonetic

semantic

A:

grammatical

B:

lexical

C:

答D:案：B

解析：redmeat指的是“牛肉”或“羊肉”而不是任何红色的肉。这个例子表明，复合词

在语义特征上不同于自由短语。P52(2022年04月试题)

12、【单选题】Youhavetoshowyour【ID】beforecheckinginthehotel.Inthe

senseofwordformationthe,theunderlinedword“ID”isformedby__________.

conversion

clipping

A:

compounding

B:

acronymy

C:

答D:案：D

解析：acronymy首字母缩写法。ID全称dentitydocument。P66(2022年04月试题)

13、【单选题】_____accountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymboland

itsmeaning.

Reference

Motivation

A:

Sense

B:

Concept

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymboland

itsmeaning.理据讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的关联。P83

14、【单选题】Thefollowingwordsareonomatopoeticallymotivated

EXCEPT”___________“.

airmail

tick-tuck

A:

miaow

B:

bow-wow

C:

答D:案：A

解析：onomatopoetically拟声地。airmail航空邮件，不是拟声词。P84

15、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Collocationcanaffectthemeaningofwords.

Inthephrasethetonguesoffire,Bthewordtonguesissemanticallymotivated.

A:

Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsand

B:

stylisticfeaturesofwords.

C:

Byetymologicalmotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularword

isrelatedtoitsorigin.

D:

答案：C

解析：Asmentionedearliergrammaticalmeaningsreferstothatpartofthe

meaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuch

aspartofspeechofwords.(nounsverbs,adjectives,adverbs),singularandplural

meaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.(如前所述，

语法意义是指表示语法概念或关系的词义部分，例如词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副

词)、名词的单数和复数意义、动词的时态意义及其屈折形式。)P86

16、【单选题】Bowmeaning“bendingtheheadasagreeting”andbowmeaning“the

deviceusedforshootingarrows”are

perfecthomonyms

homographs

A:

homophones

B:

perfectsynonyms

C:

答D:案：B

解析：homographs是同形异音异义词。bow鞠躬的语音是/ba?/,bow弓的语音是/b??/。

P100(2022年04月试题)

17、【单选题】Fromthediachronicpointofview,thefollowingarethederived

meaningsofthewordfaceEXCEPT“__________“

outwardaspect

thefrontofthehead

A:

thestrikingsurfaca

B:

theendofatunnel,drift,etc

C:

答D:案：B

解析：thefrontofthehead是face的原始意思，不是派生意思(derivedmeaning)。

P96(2022年04月试题)

18、【单选题】Theword“________”istheantonymoftheworddullinthe

sentenceShebecamedullandsilentduringthelastpartofthejourney.

interesting

lively

A:

intelligent

B:

acute

C:

答D:案：B

解析：dull沉闷的，反义词对应lively活泼的。P114

19、【单选题】Thewordmanuscriptusedtomean“handwriting”,butnowitmeans

“anyauthor'swritingwhetherwrittenbyhandortypedwithatypewriterora

word-processor”.Thisisanexampleof____ofmeaning.

extension

narrowing

A:

degradation

B:

elevation

C:

答D:案：A

解析：extensionofmeaning词义扩大化。manuscript之前的意思是“手写”，现在的

意思是“手稿;原稿。”P135(2022年04月试题)

20、【单选题】Theoriginalmeaningofthewordnicewas“ignorant”,then

changedto“foolish”,butnowithasbeen_________tomean“delightful!”.

generalized

specialized

A:

elevated

B:

degraded

C:

答D:案：C

解析：elevate词义转佳，改善。P138

21、【单选题】Themeaningofthewordcomputerchangedfrom“apersonwho

computes”to“anelectronicmachine”,whichindicatesthat____canaccountfor

thechangeofwordmeaning.

classreason

historicalreason

A:

psychologicalreason

B:

religiousreason

C:

答D:案：B

解析：computer的意思从“计算的人”变为“计算机”,体现了历史的因素可以影响词义

的变化。P141-142

22、【单选题】Whenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequate

context,itcreates__.

ambiguity

repetition

A:

complexity

B:

division

C:

答D:案：A

解析：当一个具有多重含义的单词在不适当的上下文中使用时，就会产生歧义

(ambiguity)。P155(2022年04月试题)

23、【单选题】The_____contextmayaffectthemeaningofwords,asisshownin

theexamplewherelandlordinChinesecultureusedtobeassociatedwith

exploitationwhileitcommonlymeans“someonewhorentshouseformoney”in

westerncountries.

lexical

grammatical

A:

B:

extra-linguistic

non-verbal

C:

答D:案：C

解析：Theextra-linguisticcontext(语言外环境)mayextendtoembracetheentire

culturalbackground,whichmayalsoaffectthemeaningofwords.(语言外语境(语言

外环境)可以扩展到包含整个文化背景，这也可能影响单词的含义。)P151(2022年04月试

题)

24、【单选题】WhatcontextclueisusedinthesentenceTheirgreatestfearwas

ofaconflagration,sincefirewoulddestroytheirflimsywoodensettlement

beforehelpcouldarrive?

Example.

Synonymy.

A:

Hyponymy.

B:

Details.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Synonymy同义词，conflagration和fire都有火灾的意思，所以使用的是同义词

线索。P158。(2022年04月试题)

25、【单选题】Lipservicecannotbeturnedintomouthservice,whichindicates

“_____"

theconstituentsofidiomscannotbereplaced

thewordordercannotbeinvertedorchanged

A:

thevariouswordsthatmakeuptheidiomshavelosttheirindividualidentities

B:

theconstituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedto,notevenanarticle

C:

答D:案：A

解析：Lipservice这个词语不能用mouthservice代替，说明习语的组成习语的成分是

不能随便替代的。P163。(2022年04月试题)

26、【单选题】Theidiom“_______”isanidiomnominalinnature.

fleshandblood

aspoorasachurchmouse

A:

upintheair

B:

putoff

C:

D:

答案：A

解析：idiomnominalinnature名词性习语fleshandblood意为亲属。P166

27、【单选题】ReiterationisusedinthefollowingidiomsEXCEPT"________"

screamandshout

neckandneck

A:

bitsandpieces

B:

roughandtough

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Reiteration同义词叠用。B项属于单词重复使用(Repetition)。P173-174(2022年

04月试题)

28、【单选题】Dictionarieswhichaimatdefiningwordsandexplainingtheir

usagesinthelanguagearecalled______dictionaries.

linguistic

encyclopedic

A:

unabridged

B:

desk

C:

答D:案：A

解析：语言词典(linguisticdictionaries)旨在定义单词并解释其在语言中的用法。

P185(2022年04月试题)

29、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOTadeskdictionary?

TheWordBookDictionary

TheConciseOxfordDictionary,NinthEdition

A:

OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary,3rdEdition

B:

Webster'sNewWorldDictionary,2ndCollegeEdition

C:

答D:案：A

解析：deskdictionary案头词典。A项属于非节略词典(Unabridgeddictionary)。

P187(2022年04月试题)

30、【单选题】FortheLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(1987)，the

followingarefeaturesthatareworthmentioningEXCEPT________.

usagenotes

A:

languagenotes

usageexamples

B:

cleargrammarcodes

C:

答D:案：C

解析：FeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish:Cleargrammar

codes;Usagenotes;Languagenotes.《朗文当代英语词典》的特点:清晰的语法代码;使

用说明;语言注释。P196-197

31、【问答题】MatchthetermsinGroup(a)withtheexamplesinGroup(b).

(a)freemorpheme;boundroot;prefix;stem;inflectionalaffix

(b)potatoes;tree;subsea;dict-;nation

答案：freemorpheme-treeboundroot--dict-prefix-subseastem-nation

inflectionalaffix-potatoes

32、【问答题】Givetheclippedwordsofthefollowing.(1)earthquake

(2)gymnastics(3)dormitory(4)influenza(5)popularmusic

答案：(1)quake(2)gym(3)dorm(4)flu(5)pop(1)地震;(2)健身房;(3)

宿舍;(4)流感;(5)流行音乐。

33、【问答题】Whatarethethreemajorsourcesofhomonyms?Matchwiththe

followingexamplewords:rock,ballear.

答案：Homonymsfallintothreeclasses:perfecthomonyms,homographs

andhomophones.rock,ball,earareperfecthomonyms.(同音词分为三类:完全同音词、

同形词和同音词。摇滚、球、耳朵是完美的谐音。)

34、【问答题】Explainwhatcontextclueisusedinthesentence"Dogetmeaclop,

shesaid,smackingherlips,butherbrother,withascornfulglanceupatthe

branches,saidthattherewerenoneripeyet.

答案：Relevantdetails.Insentence,thoughtheauthordidnotexplainwhat

clopwas,yetthekeywordssuchassmackingherlips.branches,ripefoeframe

ofreferenceforus,implyingitissomethingeatablewhichcanbeobtained

fromtreeswhenripe.(相关细节。在句子中，虽然作者没有解释什么是clop，但诸如拍

打嘴唇、树枝、成熟等关键词为我们提供了一个参照系，暗示它是成熟时可以从树上获得

的可吃的东西。)

35、【问答题】Commentontheassociativemeaningofawordfromtheaspetsof

definitionandtypesbyanalyzingthefollowinggroupsofwordsorexpressions.

(a)vicious,love,hate,pleasure(b)pregnant,expecting,knockingup,inthe

chub(c)tremblewithfear,quiverwithexcitement(d)eastorwesthomeisbest.

答案：(a)Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeakersattitudetowardstheperson

orthinginquestion.Thismeaningcanbeovertlyandexplicitlyconveyed

simplybythechoiceoftherightwordsasmanyhaveemotivecontentin

themselves,eg.vicious,love,hate,pleasure.(b)Apartfromtheirconceptual

meanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefor

differentcontexts.Forinstance,pregnanexpecting,knockingup,inthe

club,etc.,allcanhavethesameconceptualmeaning,butdifferintheir

stylisticvalues.(c)Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsaword

acquiresinitscollocation.inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-

meaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.ltnybe

notedthatthereofthetwowords.'tremblewithfear,quiverwithexcitement'

(d)Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggested

bytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Itisnot

anessentialpartoftheword-neaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurin

themindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Forexamplehomewhose

conceptualmeaningisa'dwellingplace.Whenreaderscomeacrossthetermin

actualreading,theymaymakeoutmoresensethanthat.Itmayremindthemof

their“family,friends,warmth,safety,love,convenience',etc.These

connotationsareimpliedinthewell-knownsayings'Eastorwest,homeisbest.

(a)情感意义表示说话人对所讨论的人或事的态度。这个意思可以通过简单地选择正确的

词来明确表达，因为许多词本身都有情感内容，例如恶意、爱恨、快乐。(b)除了概念

意义外，许多词还具有文体特征，这使得m适合不同的语境。例如，怀孕、在俱乐部等

等，都可以具有相同的概念意义，但在文体价值上有所不同。(c)搭配意义由一个词在

搭配中获得的联想组成。换句话说，它是由讨论中的单词之前或之后的单词所暗示的单词

含义的一部分。值得一提的是，这两个词中没有一个是这样的。“害怕得发抖，兴奋得发

抖”。(d)内涵意义是指概念意义所暗示的泛音或联想，传统上称为内涵。它不是词义

的重要组成部分，而是可能发生在语言特定使用者头脑中的联想。例如，家，其概念意

义是“居所”。当读者在实际阅读中遇到这个词时，他们可能会理解得更有意义。它可能

会让他们想起他们的“家人、朋友、温暖、安全、爱、方便”等。这些内涵隐含在著名的

谚语“东方或西方，家是最好的。

36、【问答题】Commentonthefollowingsentencesusingthetheoryofhyponymy.

(a)Imetawriterwhoistherelationofapolitician.(b)Imetanewspaper

reporterwhoisthebrotherofSenatorBuckley.

答案：Hyponymyreferstothesemanticrelationshipofinclusion，inwhichthe

meaningofmorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.

Itisnottoodifficulttojudgethatsentence[b]isbetterthansentence[a]，

becausein[b]thewriterusessubordinates,whichareconcreteand

precise,presentingavividverbalpicturebeforethereaderwhereasin[a]the

wordsusedaresuperordinates,whichconveyonlyageneralandvagueidea

(Hyponymy是指包含的语义关系，其中更具体的词的意义包含在另一个更一般的词的意义

中。判断句子[b]比句子[a]更好并不太难，因为在[b]中，作者使用了具体而精确的从属

词，在读者面前呈现了一幅生动的口头画面，而在[a]中，使用的词是超坐标，只传达了

一个笼统而模糊的概念。)

37、【填空题】TheEnglishwordscanbeclassifiedintonativewordsandborrowed

wordsby___.

答案：origin

38、【填空题】TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginning

of____Englishperiod

答案：Modern

39、【填空题】Themorphemeswhicharerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccording

totheirpositioninawordareknownas_______.

答案：allomorphs

40、【填空题】Accordingtothepositionswhichaffixesoccupyinwords,

affixationfallsintotwosubclasses:prefixationand_________.

答案：suffixation

41、【填空题】The_____ofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemantic

relationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage

答案：sense

42、【填空题】Idiomslikerainandshinehereandthereareformed

with________,whichlookneatandpleasant,andsoundrhythmic.

答案：antonyms

43、【填空题】Whenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themean