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商务英语写作BUSINESSENGLISHWRITING
ChapteroneAnOverviewofBusinessEnglish&BusinessWritingTHECONTENTSAnOverviewofBusinessEnglishAnOverviewofBusinessWritingAnOverviewofBusinessEnglishWhatisbusinessEnglish?BusinessEnglish——isEnglishlanguageespeciallyrelatedtointernationaltrade.ItisapartofEnglishforSpecificPurposesandcanbeconsideredaspecialismwithinEnglishlanguagelearningandteaching.WhystudybusinessEnglish?
Generallyspeaking,forefficientandeffectivecommunication
inbusinesspractices.
Indetail:itprovidesyouwiththeskillstowriteemails,producereports,makepresentations,negotiatewithclients,participateinmeetingsandconferences,writelettersanddealwithclientsonthetelephoneandinaface-to-facesituation,etc.AnOverviewofBusinessWriting1.Whytheabilitytowriteisabusinessasset?2.Whatarethefunctionsofbusinesswriting?3.Whatarethebusinesswritingprocedures?4.Criteriaforeffectivebusinesswriting.5.Severalwaystoachieve7Cs.Whytheabilitytowriteisabusinessasset?Agreatdealofbusinessistransactedinwriting.Effectivebusinesswriterscanusetheirskilltohelpincreasetheircompany’ssalesandprofits.Proficiencyinwritinggivesthepersoninbusinessapersonaladvantage.2.Whatarethefunctionsofbusinesswriting?Businesswritinghasthreefunctions:toinform,topersuadeandtoentertain.Toinform:toconveythevastamountofinformationneededtocompletetheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness.Topersuade:toinfluencethereader’sattitudesandactions.Toentertain:tohaveanadequateknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageandunderstandingofhumannature,ifpossible,theemotionsofthereader.3.Whatarethebusinesswritingprocedures?Five-stepsPreparing
Objective,Reader,MainpointsFormatting
Layoutofthedocument3)Organizing
Gatheringinformation,sortingdetails,andmakingoutlines.
4)
Drafting
Startwhereyoufeelthemostcomfortable.Don’tworryaboutpossiblemistakesFocusontheideasyouwanttopresent.5)Revising
Checkontheoveralltoneandformat.Askforadvicefromcolleagues.Directions:RevisingBoxDoesmywritingincludeeveryelementofabusinessletter?AmIclearaboutmywritingpurpose?HaveImadeeffectiveuseoflayoutandwhitespaceintheletter?HaveIsortedoutthefactsappropriately?HaveIorganizedthecontentlogically?HaveIwrittenitconciselyandpolitely?HaveIcheckedeverythingincludinggrammar,punctuationandspelling?4.Criteriaforeffectivebusinesswriting-7“C”Courtesy礼貌
Treatingpeoplewithrespectandfriendlyhumanconcern.2)Consideration体谅
Considerthereader’sdesires,problems,circumstances,emotionsandreactions.14ExampleDearSirs,wearesorryyouhavemisunderstoodus.(×)DearsSirs,wearesorrywedidn’tmakeourselvesclear.(√)Wecannotunderstandwhyyouhavehadtroublewiththesearticles.(×)Wepresumethattheremustbesomereasonsforyouhavingtroublewiththesearticles.(√)3)Correctness正确Correctgrammar,punctuationandspellingarebasicrequirementsforbusinesswriting.Certainly,itmeanschoosingtheexactword,selectingtheappropriatesentencestructure,andcreatingcarefulparagraphs.Inaddition,correctnessmeanschoosingthecorrectleveloflanguageandusingaccurateinformationanddata.
16ExampleEnclosedisthecopyofreceipt.(×)Enclosedisacopyofthereceipt.(√)Iamlookingforanothersaleschannels.(×)Iamlookingforothersaleschannels.(√)Conciseness简洁
Towriteinthefewestpossiblewordswithoutsacrificingcompletenessandcourtesy.Concisenesswillgiveemphasistoyourmessage.18ExampleWedonotanticipateanyincreaseinpricesinthenearfuture.(Poor)Wedonotexpectpricestorisesoon.(Better)Owingtothefactthatyourcompetitor’spriceismuchlowerthanyours,wecannotacceptyouroffer.(Poor)Becauseyourcompetitor’spriceismuchlowerthanyours,wecannotacceptyouroffer.(Better)FancyWords
facilitateutilizeaggregateamultitudeofWordyPhraseswithregardtodespitethefactthatinviewofthefactthatforthepurposeofSimplerWords
helpusetotalmanyConciseWords
aboutalthoughbecausefor5)Clarity清楚Short,familiarwordsandsimple,shortsentencesratherthanlong,difficultwordsandcomplexandlongsentencesarebetterforthispurpose.
21ExampleTheyhaveadecidedadvantageinregardtofreight.(Poor)Theyhaveadecidedadvantageinregardtofreightcharges(运费).(Better)TheyinformedMessrs.SmithandRichardsonthattheywouldreceiveananswerinafewdays.(Poor)TheyinformedMessrs.SmithandRichardsonthatthelatterwouldreceiveananswerinafewdays.(Better)Concreteness具体
Yourwritingshouldbevivid,specificanddefiniteratherthanvague,generalandabstract,especiallywhenyouarerequiringaresponse,solvingproblems,makinganofferoracceptance,etc.23ExampleOurapplesareexcellent.Ourapplesarejuicy,crispyandtender.(Concrete)SmithtonCompanyisourbigbuyer.SmithtonCompanydidmorethanonemillionUSDworthofbusinesswithusin2005.(Concrete)7)Completeness
完整
Includeallthenecessaryinformationanddatainthemessagetohelpsendersgetreceiver’sresponse.Anincompletemessagemayresultinincreasedcommunicationcosts,lossofgoodwill,sales,andvaluedcustomers,costofreturninggoods,andwastedtimetryingtomakesenseoutoftheincompletemessage.25ExampleSupposeyouarewritingalettertoyoursuppliertellinghimthathisgoodswerenotdeliveredontime.Whatkindofinformationshouldyouincludeinyourletter?
26CompletemessageRemindinghimofhispromiseoftimelydelivery.Whatlosseshasthiscausedyou?Askingforcompensationifthereisanyagreementonthat.Expectingnosuchthingwillhappenagain.ExercisesRewritetheworn-out,triteandwordyphrasesinthefollowingsentenceswithfresh,moreconciseones.1.Intheeventthatwecannotmeetthedeadline,wewillrefundyourmoney.
Ifwecannotmeetthedeadline,wewillrefund(退还)yourmoney.2.Itisnotwithinourpowertoobtaintheletterhehasinhispossession.
Weareunabletoobtaintheletterhehasinhispossession.3.Wewillwritetoyouatanearlydate.
Wewillwritetoyousoon.4.Wewillfurnishalltherequireddocuments.
Wewillgive/providealltherequireddocuments.5.Consequentuponthechangesmade,youwillbeinchargeofthegeneraloffice.Asaresultofthechangesmade,youwillbeinchargeofthegeneraloffice.6.WeareinreceiptofyourremittanceinthesumofUS$7890
.
Wehavereceivedyourremittance(汇款)ofUS$7890.5.Severalwaystoachieve7Cs1)ConversationalStyle2)AvoidingOldLanguageofBusiness3)You-Attitude4)PositiveTone5)SinglingoutYourReader6)AvoidingAnger1)ConversationalStyleAgoodletterreflectsthepersonalityofthewriterandalsoshouldbepleasingtothereader.Inagoodlettera
conversation
isheld.Peoplewhowritewithasenseofpersonalcontacthaveabetterchancetomakewhattheysayinterestingandconvincing.SampleletteranalysisDearSir:Wewishtoacknowledgereceiptof(兹收到)yourcreditapplicationdatedFebruary17givingtradeandbankreferences,andwethankyouforthesame.Pleasebeadvised(在此通知)thecreditaccommodationsareherewithextendedasperyourrequest(按你的要求)andyourorderhasbeenshipped.
Hopingyouwillgiveustheopportunityofservingyouagaininthenearfuture,weremainVerytrulyyours,SampleletteranalysisDearSirs:Thankyouforsendingsopromptlythetradeandbankreferenceswehaveaskedfor.Iamgladtosaythatyourorderhasalreadybeenshippedonthetermsyourequested.Wehopeyouwillgiveusthechancetoserveyouagain.Verytrulyyours,2)AvoidingOldLanguageofBusinessGoodwriterstakecaretoavoidstaleexpressions.EarlyEnglishbusinesswritersborrowedheavilyfromtheformallanguageoflawandfromtheflowerylanguageofthenobility.Fromthesetwosourcestheydevelopedacold,stiff,andunnaturalstyle,butitwasgenerallyacceptedthroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.INOPENNESSIncompliancewithyoursdated---根据你×日信函Wehavebeforeus---我们收到---INCONTENTAttachedhereto在此附上Taketheliberty冒昧地INCONCLUSIONTrustingthiswillmeetwithyourfavor相信这会满足你的要求Anticipatingyourfavorableresponse期望你会给予有利的答复×Awaitingthefavorofyourearlyresponse.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.×Pleasebegoodenoughtoadviseus.Pleasetellus….×Webegtoinformyou….Iamwritingtoinformyou….3)You-AttitudeYou-viewpointistofocusinterestonthereader.Itismorethanamatterofjustusingsecondpersonpronouns.Itisanattitudeofmind,whichplacesthereaderinthecenterofthings.inwriting,avoidinsincerityandbeingflattery.
Looksatthingsfromthereader’spointofview.站在读者的位置看待事情Respectsthereader’sintelligence.
尊重读者的聪明才智Protectsthereader’sego.保护读者的自尊心Emphasizeswhatthereaderwantstoknow.
强调读者想知道的信息40
DifferentAttitudes
We/Iattitude
YouattitudeAlargesaleofourproductswillmakeourcompanymoreprofitable.Weareinneedoffundandyoumustpay…Wecannotofferyouanyrefund…Obviouslyyouforgettellingusthecolor…Agoodsaleoftheproductswillbenefityou.Tomaintainyourexcellentcredit,pleaseremit…Youcouldobtainarefundif…Pleaseindicateyourchoiceofcolor…YouAttitude
Puttheaudiencefirst:“It’sallaboutthem.”FocusonwhattheyreceiveorcandoStresswhattheywanttoknow×
IhavenegotiatedanagreementwithApexRent–a-carthatgivesyouadiscountonrentalcars.AsaSundstrandemployee,youcannowgeta20%discountwhenyourentacarfromApex.Becarefulwiththeuseof“feeling”words.Omityourfeelingsinmostbusinesssituations×
Wearehappytoextendyouacreditlineof$5,000.Youcannowchargeupto$5,000onyourVisacard.YouAttitudeUse“you”moreoftenthan“I”inpositivesituations.avoid“you”innegativesituations.
Innegativesituations,usePassiveverbsImpersonalexpressionsYouAttitudeYouAttitude×Youmadenoallowanceforinflationinyourestimate.(你估计没有考虑通货膨胀的因素。)Noallowanceforinflationhasbeenmadeinthisestimate.(passive)Thisestimatemakesnoallowanceforinflation.(impersonal)ExercisesIWriteyou-viewpointsentencesforeachofthesituationsdescribed.Wewillbepleasedtodeliveryourorderbythe16th.(Yourorderwillbedeliveredbythe16th.)Wehaveworkedfor20yearstodevelopthebestmodelcarforourcustomers.(Ourcustomerswillfindthebestmodelcarwhichwehavespent20yearstobuild.)Wearehappytoreportapprovalofyourapplicationformembership.(Youwillbegladtoknowthatyourrequestforpaymentisgranted.)Ourlongexperienceinthebookbusinesshasenabledustoprovidethebestcustomerservicepossible.(Customerswillbeprovidedwiththebestserviceowningtoourlongexperienceinthebookbusiness.)ExercisesIIAnalyzethefollowingtwoletters.LetterIWehavereceivedyourrequestforpermissiontouseourcomputersduringthenextsessionforsummerschool.Wearepleasedtoinformyouthatyoumayuseall15ofthelaptopcomputersyourequested.WouldyoupleasecomeinandfilloutthenecessarypaperworkanytimebeforeApril?LetterIIGoodnews,Jessica!All15ofthelaptopcomputersyourequestedwillbeavailabletouseduringthenextsessionofsummerschool.PleasecomebytheofficebeforeApril1tofilloutthenecessaryForms.4)PositiveTonePeopleenjoyandreactfavorablytopositivemessages.Positivewordsareusuallybestforlettergoals,especiallywhenpersuasionandgoodwillareneeded.
Positivewordsemphasizethepleasantaspectsofthegoalandtendtoputthereaderintherightframeofmind.Theyalsocreatethegoodwillatmospherereadersseekinmostletters.EXAMPLEGroup1Wecannotunderstandyournegligence.Wewillnottoleratethiscondition.Yourcarelessattitudehascausedusalossinsales.Wehavenointentionofpermittingthisconditiontocontinue.Wehavehadit!Group2WecandeliverthegoodsonJuly11.Sothatyoumayhavetheonesofayouwant,willyoupleasecheckyourchoiceoffabricontheenclosedcard?YourcheckwillbemailedonOctober1.PleaseformatthisletterintheblockstyleshownintheOfficeProcedureManual.ExercisesRevisethesesentencessothattheyarepositiveratherthannegative.1)Unfortunately,yourordercannotsentuntilnextweek.2)YourmisunderstandingofourJanuary8lettercausedyoutomakethismistake.3)YoucannotvisittheplantexceptonSaturday.4)Donotwalkonthegrass.5)Smokingisnotpermittedexceptinthelobby.Answers:1)Yourordercanonlybesentnextweek.2)IfyouhadunderstoodourJanuary8letter,youhavedoneitcorrectly.3)YoucanvisittheplantonlyonSaturday.4)Stayawayfromthegrass.5)Smokingisallowedonlyinthelobby.5)SinglingoutYourReaderLettersthatappeartobewrittenforonereadertendtomakethereaderfeelimportantandappreciated.Tosingleoutyourreaderinaletter,youshouldwriteforhisorherparticularsituation.Whatyousaythroughoutthelettershouldmakeitclearthatthereaderisgettingindividualtreatment.6)AvoidingAngerMostofcommentsmadeinangrydonotprovideneededinformation,butmerelyservetoletthewriterblowoffsteam.Withbothwriterandreaderangry,the
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