大学英语语法并列与从属省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

并列与隶属是两种不一样连接伎俩。从语义上看，两个分句所表示意义，在说话人看来，假如含有同等主要性，就能够把它们并列起来，连成一个并列句。而隶属是语义上分清主次伎俩，是把次要思想内容置于结构上隶属地位，从而突出句子主要思想。如：Wearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions.Wefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.next并列与隶属1/33并列

nextWearepreparedtomakecertainconcessionsbutwefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.语义重心在后半句隶属

Although/Though/Eventhough/Whilewearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions,wefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.Although/Though/Eventhough/Whilewefindithardtoputupwiththeloss,wearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions.语义重心在主句2/33惯用并列连词有：and,or,but,nor,so,yet,both…and，either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso,not…nor,neither…nor,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,for（因为）,while（而）,whereas等。(见教材P342-343)next3/33限定隶属分句：从句相当于名词、形容词、副词。1）从句当名词用——名词性从句，可作主语，宾语，主语补语，介词补足成份和同位语。Ijustcan’tunderstandwhyLadyGagaissopopular.4/332)从句当形容词用，做定语——形容词性分句，即关系分句，定语从句

Itisthepig(which/that)Tinaraises.next5/333)从句当副词用，做状语——副词性分句，即状语从句Whenshewasstillababy,shelikedtakingphotos.next6/33next1.You’llfinditwhereitwas.2.Tellmetheplacewherehelives.3.Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.4.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.5.Thisiswheretheyoncelived.(地点状语从句)(定语从句)(宾语从句)(主语从句)(表语从句)7/33next隶属连词，连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，关系副词隶属连词:用来引导状语从句和名词性从句(引导名词性从句只有that,whether，在句中不作成份）。连接代词、连接副词：引导名词性从句关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句8/33ThisisthebookwhichIlikemost.Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest.Ihavenoideawhatwineisbest.Idon’tknowwhichwineisbest.Ibelievethathewillsucceed.Heisnottheperson____heusedtobe.Heisnot____heusedtobe.next范围小，同位语从句范围大，同位语从句宾语从句that不充当成份，无意义thatwhat在定语从句中在名词性从句中which宾语、主语定语（范围小）what不用what定语（范围大）主语、宾语、表语that

主语、宾语、表语不充当成份，无意义9/331：Insomecountries,

iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.(CET-4,1995年6月)A)whichB)oneC)thatD)what2：

isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.(CET-6，1993年6月)A)ItisthesunandnottheearthB)BeingthesunandnottheearthC)ThesunandnottheearthD)Thatthesunandnottheearthnext主语从句DD10/331：Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis________.A)becausehismotherisill

B)becauseofhismother’sbeingillC)thathismotherisill

D)forhismotherisill

next表语从句C11/331：Themerefact

mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarswouldbemadnessdoesn'tmeanthatitwillnotoccur.(CET-4，1997年6月)A)whatB)whichC)thatD)whynext同位语从句C12/331：BysuccessIdon'tmean

usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.(CET-4，1996年6月)A)whatisB)thatweC)asyouD)allis2：Thisbookwillshowthereaders

canbeusedinothercontexts.(CET-6，1996年1月)A)howthattheyhaveobservedB)thathowtheyhaveobservedC)howwhattheyhaveobservedD)thattheyhaveobservednext宾语从句AC13/331：Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears

itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(CET-4，1995年6月)A)sinceB)whenC)afterD)before2：Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,

somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.(CET-4，1996年1月)A)unlessB)untilC)whenD)while3：Stormyapplausebrokeforth

sheappearedonthestage.A)themomentB)amomentC)atthemomentD)inamomentnext状语从句DCAthemoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecondimmediately,instantly,directlyImmediatelyyoubegintotalk,hegivesyouhisfullattention.14/33由关系代词引导定语从句:1：Itwasn'tsuchagooddinner

shehadpromisedus.(CET-4，1990年1月)A)thatB)whichC)asD)what2：TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,

isoftenthecaseinothercountries.(CET-4，1998年6月)A)asB)whatC)soD)thatnext定语从句CA15/33由关系代词引导定语从句:3:Thereisnorule

hasexceptions.A)whichB)thatC)butD)unlessnext定语从句C比较以下句子中but使用方法是否相同。1.Therewasnoonebutknowsthat.2.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.3.Notaskissodifficultbutwecanaccomplishit.4.Nothingissohardbutitbecomeseasybypractice.1、2句中that是关系代词，相当于that…not或who…not；3、4句中是连词，相当于butthat16/33由关系副词引导定语从句:1：Youarejustthesameasyouweretheday

Ifirstmetyou.(考研,1982年)A)thatB)whichC)whenD)how2：I’veneverbeentoBeijing,butit'stheplace

.(CET-4，1999年6月)A)whereI'dliketovisitB)ImostwanttovisitC)inwhichI'dliketovisitD)whatIwanttovisitmostnext定语从句CB17/33限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句比较

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间普通不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，能够由关系代词、关系副词来引导。非限制性定语从句（教材P.380）仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

Mydaughter,whostudiesintheU.S.,rangmeyesterday.MydaughterwhostudiesintheU.S.rangmeyesterday.18/33（一）在定语从句中只用that情况1先行词为不定代词all,

much,

anything,

something,

nothing,

everything,

little,

none等时

Is

there

anything

that

I

can

do

for

you?

2先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或all，

any，much，few，some,little,no,every，theonly,thevery等修饰时All

the

people

that

are

present

burst

into

tears.

3先行词为既指人又指物两个或两个以上名词时The

boy

and

the

dog

that

are

in

the

picture

are

very

lovely.

nextWhich与that在定语从句中区分19/334关系代词在限制性定语从句中做表语时Heisnotthemanthathewastenyearsago.5主句是以who或which引导特殊疑问句时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(二)不用that情况1在非限制性定语从句中2在介词之后nextWhich与that在定语从句中区分20/331____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.AWhatBWhoCThatD/_____isapitythatyoumissedhisspeech.AThatBThisCWhatDIt_____wasknowntousallthatTomhadbrokenhispromise_____hewouldgivethemarise.AAs,whichBWhat，thatCIt，thatDIt，whichnextCCD21/33Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeinglate____hiscarbrokendownontheway.AthatBwhyCwhichDbecause_____alltheinventionhaveincommonis_____theyhavesucceeded.AWhatwhatBThatthatCWhatthatDThatwhat6Sheisnolongertheperson____sheusedtobe.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhonextACA22/33next长难句分析1．ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当初一些国家政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出详细要求通常是无法详尽预见。

23/33next长难句分析2.Whatweshouldliketoknowiswhetherlifeoriginatedastheresultofsomeamazingaccidentorsuccessionofcoincidences,orwhetheritisthenormaleventforinanimatemattertoproducelifeinduecourse,whenthephysicalenvironmentissuitable.我们想知道是生命终究是起源于某个惊人事件，或是一系列巧合呢?还是当自然环境适合，无生命物质经过相当一段时间就自然而然地产生了生命呢?24/33next长难句分析3.Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary------thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample------andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.即使警示语通常是合理和必要，如相关药品产生相互作用从而产生危险警示语，而且许多警示语是州和联邦法律要求。不过，假如消费者受到伤害，这些警示语能否使产销商免于责任还极难说。25/33next长难句分析4．Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment------althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso------andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.他宣称他反对利用这种不一样寻常畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦基金做这种试验，---尽管还没有些人提出要这么做---他提议成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈法罗夏皮罗领导独立教授小组，在90天内就克隆人国家政策问题提出提议并向白宫汇报。26/33next长难句分析5.Oneargumentusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinuetobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallybecomeavailableforallwhowantit,isthatworkingtimewillcontinuetofall.一个观点认为工作时间将会连续下降。该观点用于支持以下看法，即就业将继续是主要工作方式；就业机会将最终提供给全部想就业人。27/33next长难句分析6．Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects------agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen------ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.尽管最高法院认为，宪法并没有赋予医生帮助病人安乐死权利，不过实践中最高法院支持“双重效果”医疗标准。这个几个世纪以来医疗道德标准认为，假如一个行为含有双重效果-----现有医治良好效果又有能够预见有害效果-----为了达成良好效果，应该允许这一行为实施。28/33next3题1.whoever/whomeverTheyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto_______comesfirst.Giveitto_________________youlike.2.who/whoever__________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.__________willgiveusatalkisunknowntousall.3.whoever/nomatterwho___________toldyouthatwaslying.Comeoutofthere,___________________youare.

连接代词、连接副词：引导名词性从句关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句.whoever

whomever

/whoeverWhoever

WhoWhoever

whoever/nomatterwho29/33next8题1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.how