综合教程5Unit7Theartofsmartguessing市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit7

TheArtofSmartGuessingBryanW.Mattimore1/56AbouttheAuthorBryanW.Mattimore,presidentofTheMattimoreGroupconsultingcompany(咨询企业)inStamford,Connecticut,majorsinappliedbusinesscreativity,andhasdesignedandfacilitated(促进)ideation(构思能力)programsforsuchorganizationsasPepsiCo(百事可乐),AT&TandtheU.S.Government.2/56TheDefinitionofGuess1.amessageexpressinganopinionbasedonincompleteevidence2.anestimatebasedonlittleornoinformation3/56Whatshouldweneedtobetohaveasmartguessing?Imaginative(富于想象力)Original(独创，新奇)Intelligent(聪明)Well-informed(见多识广)4/56(1901-1954),Italian-bornAmericanphysicistandNobelPrizewinner,whomadeimportantcontributionstoboththeoreticalandexperimentalphysics.EnricoFermi5/56SheldonCooperTheoreticalphysicistLeonardHofstadterExperimentalphysicist6/56Let’sguess!HowmanypianotunersarethereinChicago？Figureitoutyourselfafterclassbyreadingthearticle.Answer：7/56Let’splay!Non-boyAbout5girlsGrabyourpens4.

Writedownyournames(bothChinese&English)andtheanswer8/56Let’splay!Rock-Scissors-Papertodecidewho’sgonnabethefinalwinner.9/56Structure1stpart:paragraph1-5Thecause,purposeandresultoftheone-questionquiz.2ndpart:paragraph6-18DrawsourattentiontouniversallypracticalsignificanceofsmartguessingandgivesexamplestoshowhowscientistssolveFermiproblem.3rdpart:paragraph19-20

Givethecorrectansweroftheone-questionquiz.10/56LanguageWork（P1、2）

aone-questionquiz:aquizwhichconsistsofonequestiononly;acompetitionduringwhichonequestionisaskedandansweredtrench:n.along,narrowusu.deepditch(沟渠;壕沟)e.g.

TheMarianaTrenchisthedeepestdepressioninthebedofthePacificOcean.

11/56LanguageWork

cannonball:n.alargemetalballfiredfromacannon

（炮弹）12/56译文（1、2段）几年前，我给应聘者面试，问他们“你有什么经验？”这个问题，以后逐步问烦了。于是，我决定做一项单个问题测试，从而了解这位新人是不是个善于处理问题思索者。问题以下：您乘坐一艘游艇，横渡太平洋。驾驶员告诉您，游艇到了马里亚纳海沟最深位置。此时，有个笨手笨脚客人不小心把一个重达12磅炮弹掉进海里。炮弹沉到海底要多久？

13/56LanguageWork（P3~5）

bogdownbogsth/sbdown(insth)tomakesthsinkintomudorwetground

使某人、某物陷入烂泥e.g.Thetruckgotboggeddowninthemud.topreventsbfrommakingprogressinanactivity妨碍；妨碍e.g.Ourdiscussionsgotboggeddowninirrelevantdetails.14/56LanguageWork（P3~5）zeroin

(zeroinonsb/sth)1

tofixallyourattentiononthepersonorthingmentioned集中全部注意力于e.g.Aftermakingafewpreliminary(初步)remarks,thechairmanzeroedinonthekeyissues.2toaimguns,etc.atthepersonorthingmentioned(用枪炮等)瞄准e.g.Thefemalespyzeroedinonthespeaker.15/56LanguageWork（P3~5）

hazard

verbtomakeasuggestionorguesswhichyouknowmaybewrong莽撞提出；冒险猜测

nounathingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage危害；危险

hazardtosth/sbhazardofsth/ofdoingsth

安全隐患

safetyhazard16/56译文（3~5段）在继续阅读之前请您设法自己处理这个问题——要尤其注意解题方法。您是不是因为“信息不够”就完全瞎猜呢？您是不是过于拘泥于细节，而没能得到“绝对正确”答案？或者说，您是不是先全神贯注在两个最主要问题上——马里亚纳海沟有多深？炮弹在水里下沉速度有多快？——然后才做出猜测？大多数面试者就是胡乱瞎猜，心想反正不可能百分之百地准确。极少有些人愿意冒险做个估算。17/56PartⅡ(Para6-18)

Mainidea:

First,thewriterdrawsourattentiontotheuniversallypracticalsignificanceofsmartguessing.Next,hegivesanexampletoshowwhatscientistscallaFermiproblem.Then,thewriterdefinesorexplainsitbeforeheillustratesitwithanotherfourexamples.

18/56LanguageWork（P6~7）conventionaloutlets:traditionalshopswhichsellgoodsmadebyaparticularcompany传统销售渠道

19/56译文（6、7段）这与业务或创造性有什么关系吗？关系大着呢。在现实世界里，我们经常在没有充分信息时，需要做出决定。从吃什么到怎样养育孩子，有创意人必须自己来思索。想要十拿九稳地做出决定，您可能既没有时间也没有金钱。做出最正确猜测经常是您最正确选择。

20/56译文（6、7段）譬如说，假设需要您为一个新电话设备撰写一份销售计划，这个设备能够将您姓名、企业、地址和电话号码发送到其它人电话上，既可视频显示又能打印。除了像大众供货商和电子商店这些传统销售渠道，您得了解美国终究有多少家“电话商店”。遗憾是，不论从市场研究部门还是从美国政府官方数据，都查不到这个数字。那您怎么办？

21/56LanguageWork（P8~9）YellowPages:Atelephonedirectoryorsectionofadirectory(usuallyprintedonyellowpaper)wherebusinessproductsandservicesarelistedalphabetically（按字母次序）byfieldalongwithclassifiedadvertising.

22/56译文（8、9段）有一个方法，那就是您到当地图书馆去，取出全国各地几本电话号码簿，翻到黄页，然后开始数数。那么，您能够猜出在数过每个城市里，每十万人有几家电话商店。顺便说一句，这是我认识一个营销顾问为一个大型通讯客户做市场调查时确切做法。23/56译文（8、9段）这个关于电话商店问题是科学家们称之为费米问题例子。这是以诺贝尔奖取得者恩里科•费米命名，他用类似问题教授学生独立思索方法。费米问题并不包含您所需要准确处理问题全部信息。24/56LanguageWork（P10）assumption:

n.sth.acceptedastrueorassuretohappen,butnotprovede.g.Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.tune:vt.toadjustaninstrumentmadebyguessing25/56译文（第10段）听说，有一次费米问自己大学生芝加哥有多少个钢琴调音师。要回答这个问题，他提议将问题分解成比较小、比较轻易处理问题，然后鼓足勇气做些猜测和构想。芝加哥有多少居民？三百万是个合理预计。每家有几口人？假设平均四个人。有多少人家有钢琴？比如说三家里有一家。那么，芝加哥大约有250,000架钢琴。每架钢琴多久调一次音？或许五年一次。那就一年调50,000次音。一个调音师一天能够调几架钢琴？四架？一年几架？假设有250个工作日，一个调音师一年能够调1,000架钢琴。26/56Par11-Par20重点单词及词汇Approximately:adv，大约，近似地Turnout:生产，结果是，关掉，出动Atanypoint:任何时候guesswork:

猜测，猜测结果balanceout:

相抵，平衡，抵消27/56Assumption:V，假定，构想Elegant:高雅，优雅，考究Broadcloth:绒面呢Sunk：过去分词形式，原型为sink，过去式形式为sank，V（使）下沉，使低落，渗透。N，水槽，污水坑28/56Stroke：n,中风，打击，尝试，轻抚，v,敲击，划掉，轻抚Guesstimator:猜测家Microware:n,微波Intensity:n,强度，强烈Sophisticated:复杂，久经事故，富有经验29/56Nautical:航海，海上Estimate:v,评价，预计，估价，n，判断，看法，评价，预计Bottom：n,底部，末端，尽头，adj,底部，末端30/56Paragraphtranslation11.所以芝加哥大约有50位钢琴调音师——事实证实这个结果理所应该地靠近黄页上实际数据。

12.为何猜测能够如此准确有一部分原因是因为平均数定律。在任何时候你假设可能会过高或过低。但因为平均数定律你失误往往会得到平衡13.个疑问。你可能已经知道黑吸收最多热量而白色反射了大多数热量。但在黑白之间其它颜色呢你怎样能找到答案提醒:冬天但不太冷时候。31/5614.本·富兰克林方法非常优雅。一个阳光明媚早晨他只是在雪地上铺设了各种不一样颜色阔幅布样品。他说“几小时日晒后在太阳辐射照射下黑色布将变得最温暖黑布陷进雪地里如此之低以至于阳光都照射不到了深蓝色几乎与黑色一样低低浅蓝色就不像深蓝陷得那么深了其它颜色陷得更浅白色依然留在雪地表面根本没有陷入进去。”

15.我最喜欢一个“猜测家”是WestonConn.创造家斯坦·梅森他改进了微波炊具特殊设计了最正确烹调食物放置位置。32/5616.要做到这一点梅森需要知道微波热点”在哪——那儿食物受到最高强度强度微波照射。为了找出真相他把几层架子未爆裂爆米花谷粒放入微波炉中观察看哪个谷粒首先爆裂。突然他发觉了微波炉最热射线一个模式最热门射线既不是在角落里也不在中心而是在蘑菇云形状里。17.然后他设计烹饪菜肴来适应这个模式。他已经想出一个创意十足方法来靠近答案而不是利用科学精密检测设备。18.假如费米知道话他也会为之鼓掌。33/5619.话说马里亚纳海沟深约六海里炮弹下降速率为10英尺/秒。所以炮弹大约要花一个小时时间抵达海沟底部。20.这都否被猜到假如你知道地球最高峰珠穆朗玛峰海拔29000英尺你可能会得出合理结论:最低点也是一样距离。然后你能够想象一个重物掉进一个10英尺深游泳池只需要1秒钟到底。这些估算足够让你去靠近正确答案。34/56Pra11：Pianotuners:钢琴调音师35/56BenjaminFranklin本杰明·富兰克林36/56Theexperimenttoprovethatlightningiselectricity37/56

100dollars38/56BenjaminFranklin(January17,1706–April17,1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Anotedpolymath,Franklinwasaleadingauthorandprinter,satirist,politicaltheorist,politician,scientist,inventor,civicactivist,statesman,soldier,anddiplomat..39/56Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstoveacarriageodometer,andtheglass'armonica'.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstoveacarriageodometer,andtheglass'armonica'.HeformedboththefirstpubliclendinglibraryinAmericaandthefirstfiredepartmentinPennsylvania.Hewasanearlyproponentofcolonialunity,andasapoliticalwriterandactivist,hesupportedtheideaofanAmericannation.AsadiplomatduringtheAmericanRevolution,hesecuredtheFrenchalliancethathelpedtomakeindependenceoftheUnitedStatespossible40/56HeformedboththefirstpubliclendinglibraryinAmericaandthefirstfiredepartmentinPennsylvania.Hewasanearlyproponentofcolonialunity,andasapoliticalwriterandactivist,hesupportedtheideaofanAmericannation.AsadiplomatduringtheAmericanRevolution,hesecuredtheFrenchalliancethathelpedtomakeindependenceoftheUnitedStatespossible41/56Pra14Broadcloth：（绒面呢）

isadensewoolencloth.Modernbroadclothcanbecomposedofcotton,silk,orpolyester,buttraditionallybroadclothwasmadesolelyofwool.Thedenseweavelendssturdinesstothematerial.42/56StanMason斯坦梅森

Overthepast70years,StanMasonhasinventeddozensofitemsthatAmericansuseeveryday,intheirclothing,grooming,anddining.Masoncallshimself"aninventorofordinary,everydayproductsnothigh-tech,butcommon,usefulthings."

43/56dentalflossdispensers"instant"splintscastsforbrokenlimbs44/56

squeezableketchupbottlegranolabarsheatedpizzaboxesstringlessBand-Aid®packaging45/56Pra15Microwavecookware（微波厨具）46/56Pra16Popcornkernels玉米粒

mushroom-cloud

蘑菇云acloudsuggestingtheshapeofamushroom,esp.fromanuclearexplosion47/56虚拟语气Pra18Fermiwouldhaveapproved.翻译：假如费米知道话他也会为之鼓掌。这是一句虚拟语气，对过去虚拟语气。这句话应该省略了从句，“IfFermihadknownthis,”表示与过去情况相反虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词形式，从句用had+过去分词48/56写作技巧分析1，thetitlepointsoutthethemeofthetext.Atfirst,thewriterdescribetheone-questionquizthathehasdesignedwhichisveryappealingtoreaders.2,Inthebodyofthetext,theauthorsetanexampleFermiProblemstosupporthisopinionthesignificanceoftheartofsmartguessing.3,theconclusionechoesthebeginning.4,thewritercombineddescriptions,anecdotes,opinionsandfactsintoahighlyindividualexpositoryessay.49/56Fromtheessay,whatcanyouinferaboutthewriter?Firstofall,thewriterisimaginative,creative,original,intelligentandwell-informed,ascanbeseenfromtheone-questionquizhedesignedandhowhearrivedattheapproximatelycorrectanswer,aswellasfromtheexamplehesupplied.50/56Secondly,heattachesgreatimportancetotheselectionofclever,talented,imaginative,andknowledgeablecandidatesforjobs,whichisclearlyseenfromhisone-questionquiz.

Thirdly,heisscientific-minded,whichisevidencedbythefactthathepossessesagoodunderstandingofthelawofav