2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(北京卷)（含答案）

2023年北京市高考英语试卷

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven1,soitwassurprisingI'd

toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-pageessayon“WhyIShouldNot

TalkinClass,\Thatwouldtakeallnight!

AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-postponingthepain.

WhenIfinallysatdownto3,1beganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.

Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmy

pencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowing

away,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.^^Thepages

began5.

Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6、"Fivepages!That'simpossible!,,

“Well,you'dbettergetbacktowork,^^shesaid,"andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough.

Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7-atleastan“Ihopeyou'velearned

yourlesson”.8,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.

Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9theyweren't

makingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneededsome

nudging（激发）,butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.

1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier

2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat

3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read

4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing

5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin

6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning

7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution

8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict

10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence

第二节（共15分）

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.

Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I'mBritish.Soonafter

movingtoSwitzerland,I1](throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guests

showedup12(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourfor

adinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Mangroves,knownas“redfbresf,inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.

When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,they

arepraisedas"coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswith

mangroves.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.

Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17

globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18thousandswere

attendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld

20(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunning

throughaglobalcampaigncaHed“RunBlue”.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B,C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositive

differenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsfora

four-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.

TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint（冲刺）.

4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.

ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,

participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflectiontask.

The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.

Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport-based

project,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.

RequirementsfortheApplicants

•Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.

•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.

•Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.

•Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.

•Youaresei件motivatedandcommitted.

•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.

•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers（同伴）.

♦Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill.

A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogramme

C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject

22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto

A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannel

C.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers

23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.

C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.

Sittinginthegardenfbrmyfriend'sbirthday.Ifeltzbuzz（振动）inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsaw

theemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff:"DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereview

processtooklongerthanexpected.^^Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.

Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme-had

feltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfbr.

Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendofthe

roadfbrmysciencecareer.

SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,

invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequally

shocked—andoveijoyed——whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.

Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.

Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesfbrcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.

Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofiainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvived

thelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.

WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesired

researchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethat

hadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（视角）tokeepit

fromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalso

excitedabout.

Ratherthansettingplansinstone,TvelearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,

eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname?

A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto.

A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert

C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork

26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas.

A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.

C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.

Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantproblemin

industrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-tcnncausesandconsequencesleadstosomeofthe

world'smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColeargues

thattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyof

theinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.

Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthe

momentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.In

business,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,it

translatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（牺牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifference

tomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatour

psychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,but

thereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsabout

thefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn'tworryaboutglobal

warming."Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignore

longer-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradual

biodiversitydecline.

Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（夕卜星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn'tsendships;they

wouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopafbnnof

collective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutof

theordinary.Olderpeopletoday,fbrexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlong

drives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.

28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.

A.drawacomparison

B.introduceatopic

C.evaluateastatement

D.highlightaproblem

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.

B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.

C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.

D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.

30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.

B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.

C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-tenndesires.

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:we

knowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificial

life-calledALifefbrshort-isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthese

practitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetfbrcriticism,

suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuch

complaints.Askingabout“thepoint“ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceof

alivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything."Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,"Sowhat'stheworthof

artificiallife?5Doyoueverthink,'Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?5

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallife

couldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALifb'scousininthatresearchersinboth

fieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacityfbrasystemtocreate

essentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof""noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth's

biosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity“insomevirtualmodel,thosesame

principlescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeis

afieldinwhichthecentralconcept——lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn't

helpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,

ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled（混乱的）progressionisastakingparallel（平行线）to

theevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.

Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmay

be,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoall

actsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,

justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.

31.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

32.Whatdoestheword“enamored"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.

C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并

选项中有两项为多余选项。

It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymake

decisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.

35

WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they'reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnot

countedinrankings.36

Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteaching

thancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsis

surprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemost

importantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.

Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.

Administratorsoftendon'tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment（注册）orfunding.

38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatisthe

result?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.

39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwith

moreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrank

schools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.

Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswhere

high-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.

A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.

B.Therefore,it'snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.

C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.

D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.

E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.

F.They'reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.

G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4题；第（1）、（2）题各2分，第（3）题3分，第（4）题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题.

Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsas

theyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybe

helpfulinchangingbadhabits.

Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseof

pursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues（刺激）withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.

Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered（触发）bythese

cues.

A“habitloop（环）“isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsare

calledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,

whichproducesthereward-thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it'snot

necessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep-rootedurge,asahabitis.

Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it's

possibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,including

theindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmany

monthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre-evaluatewhatyou

getoutofthem(ordon't).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechange

reflectsyourvalues.

40.Howarehabitsbuilt?

41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.

43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)

第二节(20分)

44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他

发来邮件询问你的建议.请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：

(1)活动形式；

(2)活动内容.

注意：(1)词数100左右；

(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.

DearJim,

Yours,