湖南省长沙市四区2023-2024学年高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市四区2023-2024学年高三下学期3月调研考试（一模）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheyear2023sawawidevarietyofTVandinternetvarietyshowsinChina,offeringamazingentertainmenttoaudiences.Hereare4popularvarietyshowsoftheyear.It’snevertoolatetostartenjoyingthem.BecomeaFarmer(Feb.-Jul.,iQIYI)Thefarming-themedrealityshowtookChinesesocialmediabystorm,shiningaspotlightonagriculture.InanefforttoconnectyoungurbanChinesewiththeagriculturalindustry,theshowinvites10youngmenfromvariousfieldstoexperiencelifeonthefarmland.GreatEscapeSeason5(May-Sept.,MangoTV)Thisrealityshowhastakenviewersonanimmersivejourney.Itenlistedwell-knowncelebrities,whofacedchallengeswithinintricatelydesignedescaperooms.Theyhadtosearchforhiddenclues,solvepuzzlesanddeciphercodesto.unlocktheroomsinwhichtheyaretrapped.TheBigBand3(Aug.-Oct.,iQIYI)TheBigBand3showcasesvariousmusicalgenreswith27bandsfromChina.Inthe2023edition,folkChinesemusicianstookcenterstage,withnotableperformancesbyWayinafromGuangxiandAndaUnionfromInnerMongolia.CallMebyFire,Season3(Aug.-Nov.,MangoTV)Featuringalineupof32maleentertainers,thisseasonshowcasedperformancesinbothgroupandsoloformats,withparticipantsranginginagefrom27to55.Throughouttheseason,theparticipantsshowcasedtheirversatilitybyexploringvariousformsofartisticexpression,includingsinging,dancingandacting.1.Whichshowwillmakeaudiencesfeelimmersive?A.BecomeaFarmer. B.TheBigBand3.C.CallMebyFire,Season3. D.GreatEscapeSeason5.2.WhatdoBecomeaFarmerandCallMebyFire,Season3haveincommon?A.Theycentreonfarming. B.TheywereproducedbyiQIYI.C.Theirparticipantsaremale. D.Theyshowcasevariousmusicalgenres.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefourshows?A.Theymadeahitin2023. B.Theyfeaturedwell-knowncelebrities.C.Theywereairedinthefirsthalfof2023. D.Theyshowcasedvariousmusicalperformances.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了2023年在中国流行的四档电视和网络综艺节目，提供了这些节目的简要概述和特点。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.A【1题详析】细节理解题。根据GreatEscapeSeason5下的“Thisrealityshowhastakenviewersonanimmersivejourney.(这个真人秀节目让观众们身临其境)”可知，GreatEscapeSeason5这个真人秀节目让观众沉浸其中。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据BecomeaFarmer下的“InanefforttoconnectyoungurbanChinesewiththeagriculturalindustry,theshowinvites10youngmenfromvariousfieldstoexperiencelifeonthefarmland.(为了将中国的城市年轻人与农业联系起来，节目邀请了10位来自不同领域的年轻男人体验农田生活)”以及CallMeByFire,Season3下的“Featuringalineupof32maleentertainers,thisseasonshowcasedperformancesinbothgroupandsoloformats,withparticipantsranginginagefrom27to55.(这一季共有32名男艺人参加，他们的年龄从27岁到55岁不等，有团体表演和个人表演)”可知，BecomeaFarmer邀请的是10名来自不同领域的年轻人体验农田生活，而CallMeByFire，Season3的特色是32位男性艺人的表演。因此，这两个节目的共同点是参与者都是男性。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyear2023sawawidevarietyofTVandinternetvarietyshowsinChina,offeringamazingentertainmenttoaudiences.Hereare4popularvarietyshowsoftheyear.It’snevertoolatetostartenjoyingthem.(2023年，中国出现了各种各样的电视和网络综艺节目，为观众提供了令人惊叹的娱乐。以下是今年最受欢迎的4档综艺节目。开始享受它们永远不会太迟)”可知，这四档节目都是2023年的热门节目。故选A项。BDifferentfromregularconcerts,roadsideconcertsinGuiyang,capitalcityofsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince,allowpeopletoimmersethemselvesinmusic.Withoutticketsorfences,youngpeopleheldhandstogether,singinganddancing.Videosshowingtheirrelaxingandcheerfulperformanceswentviralafterbeingpostedonsocialmedia.Fromcommonpeopletostars,musicbringspeopletogether.“Whethertheyareordinarypeopleorstars,whensteppingontothesmallstagebytheroad,theycanenjoythejoyofmusictogether,”saidZhouWenjia,deputyheadofthepublicitydepartmentofYunyanDistrict.SunGuang,headofNanmingDistrict’sculturalandtourismbureauinGuiyang,becameahitfortheroadsideconcert.“Ihaveamusicdream,”saidSun,whooncetookpartinnationalcompetitionsandperformedonstageinBeijing.Butforbeingbusywithhiswork,hesawhisguitarcoveredindust.Whileseeingtheflowingcrowds,Sunsignedupinsecret,putonhisleatherjacketandsunglasses,andstoodonhisbelovedstage.Butperhapsbecauseofhiswonderfulperformance,someaudiencerecognizedhim.Whensingingonthestageforthethirdtime,ashortvideoshowinghisperformancebecameahitonlineandreceivednearly1millionviews,whichputhimatalossforatime.QingyunMarket,oneofthevenuesofroadsideconcerts,isafamoustouristattractioninGuiyangwhichsellsnightsnacksandlocalculturalandcreativeproducts.Withthepopularityofconcerts,themarkethasbecomeanimportantenginetoboostthecity’seconomy.“Roadsideconcertsnowhavebecomeanimportanteconomicbooster,andIcouldbeapromoter.Thisisagoodcombinationofmyhobbiesandduties,”saidSun.Asroadsideconcertscontinuetogainsteam,musichasbecomeadrivingforceforconsumption.Guiyanghasmadeitclearthatroadsideconcertswillcontinuetorequirezerotickets,zerobusiness,andzerodistancefromthepeople,withanaimtobuildacitywithwarmthandhospitality.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“wentviral”inparagraph1mean?A.Caughtavirus. B.Becamepopular.C.Piledup. D.Gotblocked.5.Whatisthefeatureoftheroadsideconcert?A.Peopleenjoythemusictogetherforfreebytheroad.B.Manysuperstarsandbandsenjoystreetperformances.C.Audienceimmersethemselvesinmusicinsidethefences.D.Roadsideconcertsgainlittlesupportfromthegovernment.6.WhydidSunGuangsignupinsecret?A.Becauseheistoobusywithhiswork.B.Becausehecan’tstandpublicattention.C.Becausehewantstomaskhisrealidentity.D.Becausehelacksconfidenceinhisperformance.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Roadsideconcertswillattractsponsorshiptoearnprofit.B.Roadsideconcertswillchargetheaudienceinthefuture.C.Roadsideconcertsareaimedtoimprovetheurbaninfrastructure.D.RoadsideconcertscanboosttheeconomicdevelopmentinGuiyang.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了贵阳市路边音乐会的盛况，包括其与常规音乐会的不同之处，人们对此的反响，以及这对经济和旅游业的推动作用等。〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.D【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“QingyunMarket,oneofthevenuesofroadsideconcerts,isafamoustouristattractioninGuiyangwhichsellsnightsnacksandlocalculturalandcreativeproducts.Withthepopularityofconcerts,themarkethasbecomeanimportantenginetoboostthecity’seconomy.(青云市场是贵阳著名的旅游景点，是路边音乐会的举办地之一，销售夜宵和当地文化创意产品。随着音乐会的流行，市场已经成为推动城市经济的重要引擎)”可知，音乐会变得流行，由此推知，这些表演视频在社交媒体上走红，wentviral应是“走红”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Differentfromregularconcerts,roadsideconcertsinGuiyang,capitalcityofsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince,allowpeopletoimmersethemselvesinmusic.Withoutticketsorfences,youngpeopleheldhandstogether,singinganddancing.(与常规音乐会不同，中国西南部贵州省省会贵阳的路边音乐会让人们沉浸在音乐中。没有门票，也没有围栏，年轻人手牵着手，载歌载舞)”可知，路边音乐会的特点是人们在路边一起免费欣赏音乐。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段““Ihaveamusicdream,”saidSun,whooncetookpartinnationalcompetitionsandperformedonstageinBeijing.Butforbeingbusywithhiswork,hesawhisguitarcoveredindust.Whileseeingtheflowingcrowds,Sunsignedupinsecret,putonhisleatherjacketandsunglasses,andstoodonhisbelovedstage.(“我有一个音乐梦，”孙说，他曾参加过全国比赛并在北京的舞台上表演过。但由于忙于工作，他看到他的吉他沾满了灰尘。看到熙熙攘攘的人群，孙偷偷报名，穿上皮夹克，戴上墨镜，站在他心爱的舞台上)”可知，他穿上了皮夹克和太阳镜，站在他心爱的舞台上，这表明他不想被观众认出，所以他秘密地报名参加了路边音乐会。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asroadsideconcertscontinuetogainsteam,musichasbecomeadrivingforceforconsumption.Guiyanghasmadeitclearthatroadsideconcertswillcontinuetorequirezerotickets,zerobusiness,andzerodistancefromthepeople,withanaimtobuildacitywithwarmthandhospitality.(随着路边音乐会的不断兴起，音乐已经成为消费的推动力。贵阳明确表示，路边演唱会将继续实行零票、零商业、零距离，建设热情好客之城)”可知，本段提到音乐可以推动消费，贵阳将延续之前的政策，推动音乐会的发展。由此推知，路边音乐会对贵阳的经济发展有积极的推动作用。故选D项。COfallthecreaturesontheplanet,thenarwhalisoneofthestrangestlooking.It’sawhalewhichhasalargeprotrudingtuskcomingoutofitshead;that’showitgot,itsnickname,theunicornofthesea.TheyliveintheArcticOceanoffthecoastofCanada,RussiaandEastGreenland.However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.Narwhalsrelyonecholocation,whichtheyusetofindfoodandnavigatetheirsurroundings.Theanimalproducesasoundwavewhichbouncesoffanobject.Theypickthisreflectedsoundupthroughtheirlowerjaw,andinformationonfeatureslikesizeandspeedpassestotheirears.However,increaseinhumanmarineactivity,aswellasclimatechange,hasresultedintheArcticOceanbecomingnoisier,whichmeansit’smoredifficultfornarwhalstorelyonsound.SusannaBlackwell,whostudiestheeffectsofunderwaternoiseonmarineanimals,toldtheBBCthatthereisnoisieractivityintheArcticOceanthaneverbecause,asseaicemelts,newnavigationroutesareopening.Andwhileicebergsbreakingandcreakinghavebeenpartoftheoceansoundscapeforhundredsofyears,man-madenoiseismuchharderforanimalstoadaptto,particularlyasthesechangesaresosudden.ResearchpublishedinScienceAdvancesin2023recordedthereactionsofnarwhalstothesimulated(模拟的)noisesofoilexpeditionsmadebyapatrolvessel(巡逻船).Thescientiststaggedandtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat,onhearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdivesandstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignaltheyuseforfindingfoodunderwater.Thisisthesamereactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,whohuntthem,meaninghuman-madenoisecouldtriggerthecreature’s“threatbutton”.So,whatcanwedo?CharlotteFindlay,apostdoctoralfellowatAarhusUniversity,says“noiseisactuallyquiteeasytosolve.Weneedtoeitherturnitofforturnitdown.”8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenarwhalfromthefirstparagraph?A.Ithasalargetuskfromitsjaw. B.Itcurrentlyfacestheriskofdyingout.C.Itlivesinthesouthernhemisphere. D.Itsoundsdifferentfromotherwhales.9.WhatdoesSusannaBlackwell’sstudyshow?A.Narwhalsnavigatetheirsurroundingsbyecholocation.B.Seaicemeltingmakestheoceannoisierthanever.C.Man-madenoisehasagreaterimpactonmarineanimals.D.Narwhalsarenotusedtoicebergsbreakingandcreaking.10.Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinparagraph3imply?A.Apatrolvesselwasappliedintheresearch. B.Orcasarethenaturalenemytonarwhals.C.Noiseswouldchangetheecholocationsignal. D.Scientiststaggednarwhalsunderthewater.11.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SurvivalofNarwhalthreatenedbyman-madenoise.B.Expertspredictingtheextinctionofthenarwhal.C.Newresearchsettosolveunderwaternoisepollution.D.Narwhalpopulationaffectedbyunderwaternoisepollution.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了独角鲸这一生物，阐述了它们的生活习性、生存现状以及所面临的威胁，特别是人为噪音对它们生存的影响。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.A【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.(然而，专家表示，到2025年，一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因为噪音污染)”可知，独角鲸目前面临着灭绝的危险。故选B项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“SusannaBlackwell,whostudiestheeffectsofunderwaternoiseonmarineanimals,toldtheBBCthatthereisnoisieractivityintheArcticOceanthaneverbecause,asseaicemelts,newnavigationroutesareopening.Andwhileicebergsbreakingandcreakinghavebeenpartoftheoceansoundscapeforhundredsofyears,man-madenoiseismuchharderforanimalstoadaptto,particularlyasthesechangesaresosudden.(SusannaBlackwell研究水下噪音对海洋动物的影响，她告诉BBC，北冰洋的活动比以往任何时候都要嘈杂，因为随着海冰融化，新的航行路线正在开辟。数百年来，冰山破裂和吱吱作响一直是海洋声景的一部分，但人造噪音对动物来说更难适应，尤其是这些变化太突然了)”可知，SusannaBlackwell的研究显示人造噪音对海洋动物的影响更大。故选C项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“ResearchpublishedinScienceAdvancesin2023recordedthereactionsofnarwhalstothesimulated(模拟的)noisesofoilexpeditionsmadebyapatrolvessel(巡逻船).Thescientiststaggedandtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat,onhearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdivesandstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignaltheyuseforfindingfoodunderwater.Thisisthesamereactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,whohuntthem,meaninghuman-madenoisecouldtriggerthecreature’s“threatbutton”.(2023年发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究记录了独角鲸对巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声的反应。科学家们对这些生物进行了标记和追踪，发现它们听到这些声音后，会结束深潜，停止发出点击声，即它们在水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号。这是独角鲸对捕食它们的逆戟鲸做出的同样反应，这意味着人为制造的噪音可能会触发这种生物的“威胁按钮”)”可知，巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声会让独角鲸结束深潜，停止发出水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号。由此推知，本段暗示了噪音会改变回声定位信号。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段中“However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.(然而，专家表示，到2025年，一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因为噪音污染)”可知，文章主要讲述了人为噪音对独角鲸生存的威胁。所以A项“SurvivalofNarwhalthreatenedbyman-madenoise(人造噪音威胁独角鲸的生存)”是本文的最佳标题。故选A项。DThesportyall-electriccarfromtheNetherlandsresemblesaBMWcar,butisunique:Itcapturesmorecarbonthanitemits.“Ourendgoalistocreateamoresustainablefuture,”saidJensLahaije,financemanagerforTU/ecomotive,theEindhovenUniversityofTechnologystudentteamthatcreatedthecar.CalledZEM,forzeroemissionmobility,thetwo-seaterhousesaCleantronlithium-ionbattery(锂电池)pack,andmostofitspartsare3D-printedfromrecycledplastics,Lahaijesaid.Thetargetistominimizecarbondioxideemittedduringthecar’sfulllifespan,frommanufacturingtorecycling,headded.BatteryelectricvehiclesemitvirtuallynoCO2duringoperationcomparedwithcombustion-engine(燃烧式发动机)vehicles,butbatterycellproductioncancreatesomuchpollutionthatitcantakeEVstensofthousandsofmilestoachieve“carbonparity(相同)”withcomparablefossil-fueledmodels.“DirectaircaptureisafairlynewmethodofcleaningtheairbycapturingCO2intoafilter(过滤器).Wehavemadeuseofthisinnovativetechnologyandimplementedthisinourcar.Theideaisverysimple:whiledriving,airwillmovethroughourself-designedfiltersandtheCO2willbecapturedandstored.”ZEMusestwofiltersthatcancaptureupto2kilograms(4.41lb)ofCO2over20,000milesofdriving,theEindhoventeamestimated.Theyimagineafuturewhenfilterscanbeemptiedatchargingstations,basedonthefactthatthereisanationwidecharginginfrastructure,whichincludesresidential,commercialandpublicchargersacrossthecountryinstalledbytheEnergyDepartment,automakersandprivatebusinesses.ThestudentsareshowingtheirvehicleonaUSpromotionaltourtouniversitiesandcompaniesfromtheEastCoasttoSiliconValley,hopingtoattractmorefinancialsupport.Itishardtotellwherethefuturewilltaketheelectricvehicles,butitisclearthattheyholdalotofpotentialforcreatingamoresustainablefuture.Intheend,onlytimewilltellwhatroadelectricvehicleswilltakeinthefuture.12.Whatadvantagedoesthenewly-designedcarhave?A.ItlookslikeaBMWcar. B.Itisadrive-lesscar.C.It’sacarbon-eatingelectricvehicle. D.Itpurifiesairautomatically.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thefunctionoffilters. B.Thebenefitsofdirectaircapture.C.Theapplicationprospectofthetechnology. D.Theoperatingprincipleofthetechnology.14.Whatproblemdothestudentteamfaceaccordingtothepassage?A.Lackofresearchfund. B.Unpredictableapplicationprospect.C.Nopermissionfromthegovernment. D.Strongobjectionfromthecarcompanies.15.WhatisJensLahaije’sattitudetowardthefutureofthesportyall-electriccar?A.Doubtful. B.Confident. C.Concerned. D.Pessimistic.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。它详细介绍了一款来自荷兰的新型全电动汽车的设计和特点，包括其独特的能够吸收碳的功能以及使用回收塑料进行3D打印的环保特性。〖答案〗12.C13.D14.A15.B【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thesportyall-electriccarfromtheNetherlandsresemblesaBMWcar,butisunique:Itcapturesmorecarbonthanitemits.(这款来自荷兰的运动型全电动汽车类似于宝马汽车，但它的独特之处在于：它吸收的碳比排放的要多)”以及“Thetargetistominimizecarbondioxideemittedduringthecar’sfulllifespan,frommanufacturingtorecycling,headded.(他补充说，目标是将汽车从制造到回收的整个使用寿命期间的二氧化碳排放量降到最低)”可知，这款新设计的汽车能够吸收比它排放的更多的碳，因此它的优势在于它是一款能够“吃碳”的电动汽车。故选C项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段““DirectaircaptureisafairlynewmethodofcleaningtheairbycapturingCO2intoafilter(过滤器).Wehavemadeuseofthisinnovativetechnologyandimplementedthisinourcar.Theideaisverysimple:whiledriving,airwillmovethroughourself-designedfiltersandtheCO2willbecapturedandstored.”ZEMusestwofiltersthatcancaptureupto2kilograms(4.41lb)ofCO2over20,000milesofdriving,theEindhoventeamestimated.Theyimagineafuturewhenfilterscanbeemptiedatchargingstations,basedonthefactthatthereareanationwidecharginginfrastructure,whichincludesresidential,commercialandpublicchargersacrossthecountryinstalledbytheEnergyDepartment,automakersandprivatebusinesses.(“直接空气捕获是一种相当新的清洁空气的方法，能够将二氧化碳捕获到过滤器中。我们利用了这项创新技术，并将其应用到我们的汽车中。这个想法很简单：在开车的时候，空气会通过我们自己设计的过滤器，二氧化碳会被捕获并储存起来。”埃因霍温团队估计，ZEM使用两个过滤器，在20,000英里的行驶中可以捕获多达2公斤（4.41磅）的二氧化碳。他们设想的未来是，充电站的过滤器可以被清空，因为有一个全国性的充电基础设施，包括由能源部、汽车制造商和私营企业在全国各地安装的住宅、商业和公共充电器)”可知，本段主要介绍了直接空气捕获技术的操作原理，即，通过过滤器捕获二氧化碳。故选D项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThestudentsareshowingtheirvehicleonaUSpromotionaltourtouniversitiesandcompaniesfromtheEastCoasttoSiliconValley,hopingtoattractmorefinancialsupport.(学生们正在美国东海岸和硅谷的大学和公司进行宣传之旅，希望能吸引更多的资金支持)”可知，学生们正在美国进行宣传巡回，希望吸引更多的财政支持，因此可以推断出他们面临的问题是缺乏研究资金。故选A项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itishardtotellwherethefuturewilltaketheelectricvehicles,butitisclearthattheyholdalotofpotentialforcreatingamoresustainablefuture.Intheend,onlytimewilltellwhatroadelectricvehicleswilltakeinthefuture.(很难说电动汽车的未来将走向何方，但很明显，它们在创造一个更可持续的未来方面具有很大的潜力。最终，只有时间才能告诉我们电动汽车未来将走向何方)”可知，本段提到电动汽车有很大的潜力创造一个更可持续的未来，而根据第一段可知，JensLahaije是这个项目的财务经理，因此他对这款运动型全电动汽车的未来应该是充满信心的。因此，他的态度是自信的。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtobemoreproductiveGettingthingsdoneisn’tworkingalldayat100milesanhour.____16____.Andthefollowingtipscandefinitelyhelpyou.____17____Smallertaskslikeansweringemailsare“shallowwork”.Trytobemoreconsciousofwhatyourshallowtasksare,andgiveyourselfpermissiontoblockthemoutforawhilesoyoucanfocusontheimportanttasksthatrequire“deepwork”.CallitadayForgoodproductivity,bestrictaboutwhenyourworkingdayisover,andwhenyougettotheendofyourplannedworksession,easeyourselfintoamorerelaxedstate.Lookthroughyourunfinishedwork.____18____.Thenclosethattextbookorlaptopandsaysomethingoutloudlike“Shutdowncomplete!”Afterthat?Havesomefun.Giveyourmindtherestit’searned.Findyourtoplevelgoal____19____.Findthebigthingthatwecouldcallyourlife’spurpose,likeinspiringothers,orhelpingpeopleinsociety.Putthatatthetop.Onthenextlevelyou’llhavemid-levelgoalslikepassinganexam.Thegoalsbelow-it-shouldallfeedintoyourtop-level.They’llbesmaller,morepracticalthings—perhapswritinganemail,ordoingsomeresearch.Iftheydon’thelpwithachievingyourtopgoal,thengetridofthem!MakeyourbreakssmarterTime-managementmasterFrancescoCirillosaysthatforevery25minutesofintenseconcentration,youshouldtakefiveofftodonothingatall,whichgivesthebraintimetorecoverandkeepsyourproductivityhigh.____20____.Movearound,stareoutofawindow.A.ShutouttheshallowB.MakeouttheshallowC.FindsomepicturesofkittensandpuppiesfirstD.OrganiseyourprioritiesbymakingapyramidofgoalsE.Inthefive-minutebreaks,don’tjumponyourphoneF.Writeashortplanofhowyou’lltackleittomorrowG.Lookingforwaystodolessandgetmoredoneactuallymakesmoresense【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了关于如何提高工作效率的实用建议和方法。〖答案〗16.G17.A18.F19.D20.E【16题详析】根据前文“Gettingthingsdoneisn’tworkingalldayat100milesanhour.(把事情做好不是整天以每小时100英里的速度工作。)”以及后文“Andthefollowingtipscandefinitelyhelpyou.(下面的建议绝对能帮到你。)”可知，G项“Lookingforwaystodolessandgetmoredoneactuallymakesmoresense(寻找少做事、多成事的方法实际上更有意义)”承接上文，并引出本段主题，符合文意。故选G项。【17题详析】分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“Smallertaskslikeansweringemailsare“shallowwork”.Trytobemoreconsciousofwhatyourshallowtasksare,andgiveyourselfpermissiontoblockthemoutforawhilesoyoucanfocusontheimportanttasksthatrequire“deepwork”.(像回复电子邮件这样的小任务则属于“浅层工作”。试着更清醒地认识到你的浅层任务是什么，并允许自己暂时把它们放在一边，这样你就可以专注于需要“深度工作”的重要任务)”可知，本段主要讲述了把浅层任务放在一边，专注于主要工作，所以A项“Shutouttheshallow(将浅层工作拒之门外)”为本段小标题。故选A项。【18题详析】根据前文“Forgoodproductivity,bestrictaboutwhenyourworkingdayisover,andwhenyougettotheendofyourplannedworksession,easeyourselfintoamorerelaxedstate.Lookthroughyourunfinishedwork.(为了提高效率，严格规定一天的工作时间，当你完成计划的工作时，让自己进入一个更放松的状态。检查一下你未完成的工作。)”可知，还有未完成的工作，再根据后文“Thenclosethattextbookorlaptopandsaysomethingoutloudlike“Shutdowncomplete!”Afterthat?Havesomefun.Giveyourmindtherestit’searned.(然后合上课本或笔记本电脑，大声说“停工完成!”之后呢?玩得开心点。让你的头脑得到应得的休息。)”可知，后文讲述开始休息，所以空处应是对未完成工作的安排，F项“Writeashortplanofhowyou’lltackleittomorrow(写一份关于你明天如何处理它的简短计划)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选F项。【19题详析】分析设空，位于段首，是本段中心句，根据本段小标题“Findyourtoplevelgoal(找到你的最高目标)”以及后文“Findthebigthingthatwecouldcallyourlife’spurpose,likeinspiringothers,orhelpingpeopleinsociety.Putthatatthetop.Onthenextlevelyou’llhavemid-levelgoalslikepassinganexam.Thegoalsbelow-it-shouldallfeedintoyourtop-level.They’llbesmaller,morepracticalthings—perhapswritinganemail,ordoingsomeresearch.Iftheydon’thelpwithachievingyourtopgoal,thengetridofthem!(找到我们可以称之为人生目标的大事，比如激励他人，或者帮助社会上的人。把它放在最上面。在下一个阶段，你会有中等水平的目标，比如通过考试。下面的目标都应该为你的最高目标服务。它们将是更小、更实际的事情——可能是写一封电子邮件，或者做一些研究。如果它们不能帮助你实现最高目标，那就去掉它们!)”可知，本段主要讲述设立目标，并且按照优先级去排列，所以D项“Organiseyourprioritiesbymakingapyramidofgoals(通过建立一个金字塔的目标来组织你的优先级)”符合本段主题。故选D项。【20题详析】根据前文“Time-managementmasterFrancescoCirillosaysthatforevery25minutesofintenseconcentration,youshouldtakefiveofftodonothingatall,whichgivesthebraintimetorecoverandkeepsyourproductivityhigh.(时间管理大师弗朗西斯科·西里洛说，每集中注意力25分钟，你就应该休息5分钟，什么都不做，这给了大脑恢复的时间，让你保持高效率。)”可知，E项“Inthefive-minutebreaks,don’tjumponyourphone(在五分钟的休息时间里，不要玩手机)”符合本段主题，讲述休息的5分钟要注意的事。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MedhaGuptasometimesfeltworriedmakingthe20-minutewalkfromthecornerwheretheschoolbusdroppedherofftoherhomeinHerndon,Virginia—especiallyduringthecoldermonthsinwinter.Hermother,DivyaGuptahada____21____:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding,butMedhatookthechallenge____22____.Soshewenttowork.TheresultwasSafeTravel,anapp____23____byMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmore____24____whentravellingalone.UsingtheiPhone,apersoncanprogrammeittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrustsifheorshe____25____toarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime.ItwasthefirstIOSappthatMedhahadcreated.Whileshedidn’tthinkmuchwouldcomefromtheproject,her____26____caughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge,whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia’s10thDistrict.TheAppChallengeisdesignedtoencourage____27____toconsidercareersinscience,technology,engineering,andmathsby____28____codingandcomputerscience.Winningstudentsare____29____toattendareceptiononCapitolHillinAprilandalsoreceived$250inAmazonWebServicecredits.Medhasaidittookherabout40hourstodesign,____30____andtesttheapp.Asforhernextapp,Medha’snotcertain.She____31____hasherapp-developmenttasksonholdbecauseshe’s____32____teachingherselfAItohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook.Yes,sheknowsthatthereareteamsof____33____probablydoingthesamething.Butshe____34____itcan’thurtherownpart,too.“Ifweseesomething____35____withtheworld,weshoulddosomethingaboutit,”shesaid.“Afterall,theonlyonestoppingusfromdoingsomethingisourselves.”21.A.suggestion B.clue C.perception D.secret22.A.optionally B.seriously C.rudely D.unhesitatingly23.A.recommended B.improved C.bought D.designed24.A.secure B.encouraged C.comfortable D.mystical25.A.attempts B.expects C.fails D.plans26.A.trouble B.effort C.courage D.patience27.A.employees B.competitors C.students D.judges28.A.continuingwith B.copingwith C.contrastingwith D.experimentingwith29.A.required B.invited C.forced D.tempted30.A.programme B.upgrade C.change D.disprove31.A.carelessly B.randomly C.aimlessly D.temporarily32.A.devotedto B.worriedabout C.busyin D.fondof33.A.entrepreneurs B.volunteers C.engineers D.physicians34.A.concludes B.figures C.suspects D.prays35.A.painful B.distressing C.ridiculous D.wrong【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了MedhaGupta设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用程序，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。〖答案〗21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.D29.B30.A31.D32.C33.C34.B35.D【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的母亲DivyaGupta有一个建议：写一个应用程序。A.suggestion建议；B.clue线索；C.perception感知；D.secret秘密。根据下文“writeanapp”可知，她的母亲给她了一条建议。故选A。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她只是半开玩笑，但梅达却认真地对待这个挑战。A.optionally可选择地；B.seriously认真地；C.rudely粗鲁的；D.unhesitatingly毫不犹豫地。根据空前“Shewashalf-kidding,but”可知，前后两句是转折关系，她妈妈在开玩笑，她却认真对待。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是“安全旅行”，这是一款由Medha设计的应用程序，旨在帮助步行者在独自旅行时感到更安全。A.recommended推荐；B.improved改进；C.bought买；D.designed设计。根据上文“ Hermother,DivyaGuptahada

_____:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding,butMedhatookthechallenge

_____.Soshewenttowork.”可知，这款应用程序是由Medha设计的。故选D。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其结果是“安全旅行”，这是一款由Medha设计的应用程序，旨在帮助步行者在独自旅行时感到更安全。A.secure安全的；B.encouraged受到鼓舞的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.mystical神秘的。根据上文“TheresultwasSafeTravel”可知，这款应用程序的名字叫“安全旅行”，故它旨在帮助步行者在独自旅行时感到更安全。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：利用iPhone，人们可以设定如果自己在一定时间内未能到达目的地，就向信任的人发出警告。A.attempts尝试；B.expects期望；C.fails失败；D.plans计划。根据空前“apersoncanprogrammeittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrusts”及空后“toarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime”可知，一个人如果内未能在一定时间到达目的地，就向信任的人发出警告。failtodo意思为：做某事失败。故选C。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她认为这个项目不会带来太多成果，但她的努力引起了一年一度的国会应用程序挑战赛评委的注意，他们将她选为弗吉尼亚州第十选区的获胜者。A.trouble麻烦；B.effort努力；C.courage勇气；D.patience耐心。根据空后“caughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge,whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia’s10thDistrict.”可知，她对于发明的努力，让她被选为弗吉尼亚州第十选区的获胜者。故选B。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：应用程序挑战大赛旨在鼓励学生通过试验编码和计算机科学来考虑科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。A.employees员工；B.competitors竞争者；C.students学生；D.judges裁判。根据下文“Winningstudent