Unit+6+Survival+Understanding+ideas+课件【知识精讲】高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit6SurvivalUnderstandingideasLookatthepicturesandanswersthequestions1.Whatdoeseachpictureshow?Itshowsthatanearthquakehashappened.Theroadiscutoff.Ittellsusthatadiseasehasbrokenoutandisprobablyspreading.Theshipissinking.Itshowsusadensejungle.Wecanseeanastronautinspace.Itshowsusaseveredrought.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Peoplewouldfinditdifficulttoleavetheareatofindsafety,ortoreceivesuppliessuchasfood,water,medicinesandfuel.Powerandcommunicationsmayhavebeencutoffbytheearthquake.Thereisariskoffurtherquakesviaanaftershock.Peoplemayfacedifficultiessuchasquarantine,shortageofhospitalservicesandpanic-buyingofessentialmedicines,foodorothersupplies.Theremaybemisinformationandpanic.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Peoplewhoareunabletoescapetheshiponalifeboatfacetheimmediatedangersofdrowningorofdyingfromexposure.Thosewhodoescapeonalifeboatneedtorationtheirfoodandwater,andhopeforrescueassoonaspossible.Peoplewouldfinditdifficulttotravelandnavigate.Itwouldalsobedifficulttofindfoodandwater.Wildanimalsandvenomousinsectsarealsopotentialproblems.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Spaceisanextremeenvironmentforhumanbeings.Theyfacedangerfromextremetemperatures,lowpressuresandradiation.Theymustcarryeverythingtheyneedwiththem,evenair.Thelackofgravitymakessimpleactionssuchaseating,drinking,movingandevensleepingdifficult.Anyonewhospendstoolonginazero-gravityenvironmentriskslosingboneandmusclemass.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Withoutwater,peopleandlivestockfacedeathwithinashortperiodoftime.Inadditiontowatershortages,droughtcausescropfailure,sopeoplewouldfacefoodshortagesaswell.Thiscouldaffectpeoplewhodonotliveinthedrought-affectedarea.Severefoodshortagescancausefamine,migration,collapseofsocialorderandwar.Wherearethey?TheAntarctic!Let’swatchavideoandlearnmoreabouthowpeopleliveandworkinAntarctica.WatchandThinkWhatdifficultiesdotheyface?Howdotheyovercomethosedifficulties?Whatpartofthelifetherewouldbemostchallengingforyou？Why?extremeweatherlongdaysandnights1e7d195523061f1c0c2b73831c94a3edc981f60e396d3e182073EE1468018468A7F192AE5E5CD515B6C3125F8AF6E4EE646174E8CF0B46FD19828DCE8CDA3B3A044A74F0E769C5FA8CB87AB6FC303C8BA3785FAC64AF5424785C80615233B8BFBBF93FB15EF9F2842CC31512510A59567CDFC09C4B330B78657F3B5013869B76B2251005608998399849F59FA1FABB539

Theyhavetoendureextremeweatherincludingfreezingtemperatures,fiercewindsandstrongblizzards.Whentheygooutsidethestations,theywearspecialclothesforprotection.Asweathercanchangefromcalmtowhite-outinminutes,peoplehavetotakeaspecialsurvivalbagincasetheyaretrappedoutsideovernight.2Oneofthemostdifficultthingsisthelongdaysandnights.Theymaycauseissueswiththescientists’bodyclocks.Thedarknessalsomakesoutdoorresearchimpossible.Whatdifficultiesdotheyface?Howdotheyovercomethosedifficulties?Checktheanswersinadequatefreshfruitandvegetablespsychologicalproblemse7d195523061f1c0c2b73831c94a3edc981f60e396d3e182073EE1468018468A7F192AE5E5CD515B6C3125F8AF6E4EE646174E8CF0B46FD19828DCE8CDA3B3A044A74F0E769C5FA8CB87AB6FC303C8BA3785FAC64AF5424785C80615233B8BFBBF93FB15EF9F2842CC31512510A59567CDFC09C4B330B78657F3B5013869B76B2251005608998399849F59FA1FABB539Itisalmostimpossibletogrowfreshproducetherebecauseoftheextremeconditions,andmostfoodisimported.Itisdifficultforscientiststohaveavarieddiet,andtheycan’tgetenoughfreshfruitandvegetables.Theyhavetofacepsychologicalproblems.Tokeepthescientistspsychologicallyhealthy,researchstationsofferactivitiesandentertainmentincludinglivemusicandlectures.34Checktheanswers2.Whatpartofthelifetherewouldbemostchallengingforyou？Why?Unusuallylongdaysandnights.Lonelinesscanofcoursebeaproblem.Itcanbedifficulttohaveavarieddiet.…Because…We’vetalkedabouthowwehumanssurviveunderdifferentconditions.Nowlet’spayattentiontoourfriends—wildanimals.Lookatthepictures(P62)andanswerthequestions.foxLeopardbearracoonchacmababoonhedgehog1.Wherewouldyounormallyexpecttofindtheseanimals?Inthewild,maybeintheforest.2.Wouldyoubesurprisedtoseetheseanimalsinacity?Whyorwhynot?Yeah,itisnotcommontoseetheminacity.Notsurprisedatall,afterall,theenvironmenthasimprovedalottheseyears.3.Whatproblemscouldtheyencounterincities?Theymayhavedifficultiesfindingfood,shelterandmates.Ifpeoplefindthem,theymaybetrappedorkilled.PredictionLookatthetitle:TheWildWithin.Andthinkaboutwhatitmeans.Turntopage62,readthepassageandcheckyourprediction!IIFastreadingReadformainideaofthepassageThepassageexplainstheimpactofhumanurbanizationprocessonwildlifebyintroducingthephenomenonofwildanimalsenteringthecities,thereasonsbehind,theirlivingconditionsandtheproblemsencounteredinthecitiesandsoon.Para.1Para.3Para.4Para.6Readforthemainideaofeachparagraphandthepassagestructure.a.Reasonsbehindwildanimals’migration.b.Thecrimeinacity.c.Benefitsacitycanoffertowildinhabitants.d.Howwildanimalsadapttothecity.e.Dangersforthosethatdon’tadapt.f.What

we

humans

should

do.Para.2Para.5ChoosethetopicsentencesforParagraphs2–5andwritethemonthelinestocompletethepassage.a.Onethingcrucialtotheincreasingnumberof“urbananimals”istheirabilitytoadapt.b.Peopleoftenwonderaboutthereasonsbehindthismassurbanmigration.c.Forthoseanimalsthatdon’tadapt,thecitycanbeadangerousorevendeadlyplace.d.Yet,foritsnewestandwildestinhabitants,acitycanoffermanybenefits.Para4Para2Para5Para3IIICarefulreadingThecrimetookplaceinaseasidesuburbofCapeTown.Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.Withinseconds,hehadreachedinsideandrunawaywithabagofshopping.Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted,thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.Yousee,thiswasnoordinarycriminal:itwasachacmababoon.Oncealmostunheardof,sceneslikethisoneinCapeTownarenowcommonallovertheworld.WithfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,itisalmostasifourcitiesarebeingtakenoverbywildanimals.Whydoestheauthormentionthecrimeinthefirstparagraph?ReadandAnswerPara.1Tointroducethetopicofthewholepassageandattractreaders’attention.commitcom-(together)+mit(tosend送)→将人送去承担义务等→(使)承担义务;(使)作出保证commitacrime/mistake犯罪/犯错派生词criminaln[C]罪犯takeover接管Mostofuswouldassumethaturbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushingtheanimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitats.Howevertruethisis,wealsoneedtoconsiderthatsomeoftheseso-called“urbananimals”havenevermovedatall–it’swehumanswhohavemovedintotheirterritory.Wherevertheygo,animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.Whydowildanimalsmoveintocities?ReadandAnswerPara.2①②beresponsiblefor对……负责havenochoicebuttodosth别无选择只能做某事Asourcitiesbecomegreener,theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators,thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.Today,foxescanbeseenalloverLondon-oneevenbeingfoundlivingonthe72ndflooroftheShardbuildingwhenitwasunderconstruction!What’smore,hungryanimalsarefindingplentytoeatinourgardensandintheleftoverswethrowaway.Whatbenefitscanacityoffertoitswildinhabitants?ReadandAnswerPara.3①②flourishv

flour(=flower花)+-ish(动词后缀)→像花一样盛开生长茂盛：兴盛underconstruction在建设中Thereisevidencethaturbanracoonsaremoreintelligentthantheirwildcousins,astheyfrequentlyhavetofigureoutdifficultproblemssuchashowtoopenrubbishbinsandothercontainerswhichtheywouldnotfindinthewild.Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.Althoughnaturallyactiveatnight,urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.Theircitylocationalsomeansthattheyaregettingatasteforthemulticulturalcuisineonofferfromthegarbage,suchashamburgers,lambkebabsandevengarlicbread!ReadandAnswerPara.4Wildanimalsurbanracoonsopenrubbishbinsandothercontainers.urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.difficultproblemschangetheir_________tofitinfigureout_______________livinghabitsUnabletodistinguishbetweenblueskyandglass,birdscrashintowindowsatspeedsofabout50kilometresperhour.Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionand1billionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.Shockingly,thesedeathsamounttoaroundtenpercentofthetotalUSbirdpopulation.Somespeciesaremoreaffectedthanothers.Onetheorybehindthisisthatthesebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving,it’simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.Whateverthereasonsbehindthesespeciesenteringourcities,onethingisforsureasit’softenameansoftheirsurvival,theycouldbewithustostay.1.Whymaycitiesbedangerousforsomebirds?ReadandAnswerPara.5Para.6①②2.Whatshouldwedotocoexistwithourwildneibroughers?Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethediagram.ReasonsformigrationUrbandevelopmentandclimatechangepushtheanimal

1______________________________.Wherevertheygo,animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.2BenefitsofcitiesforanimalsAppealingspacesashabitats.3Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators,thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.4Hungryanimalsarefindingplentytoeatinourgardensandintheleftoverswethrowaway.outoftheirnaturalhabitatsAnimals’adaptiontocitiesUrbananimalsaremore

Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.65Dangersforsomeanimals7Unabletodistinguishbetweenblueskyandglass,birdscrashintowindows.8Somebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.intelligentthantheirwildcousins.Weshouldlearntobetterunderstandandappreciateourwildneighbours,and9

looktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.GroupworkTalkaboutwhatpeoplecandotoachieveabalancebetweentheneedforurbandevelopmentandtheprotectionofwildanimals.ⅣPost-readingHowwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShareHowwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?ThinkShareAbalancedrelationship.Peopleliveinthecitiesandsomeanimalsalsoseethemashabitats.Aharmoniousrelationship.Peopleandanimalscangetwhattheyneedfromthecities.2.Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?ThinkShareInthefirstparagraph,theauthorusespersonificationtodescribewhaturbananimalsaredoing,withtheaimofattractingreaders’attention.3.Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShareItotallyagreewiththisidea,becausewecanleavesomeplacesforanimalstouseashabitats.LanguagepointsVI’vejustspottedamistakeonthecover.我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。spotsbdoingsth看到某人在做某事Ispottedsomeonecomingoutofthecampus.

我看见有人从校园里走出来了。onthespot当场；当面；立即；马上Ican’tgiveyouadecisiononthespot.我不能马上给你答复。spotv注意到；发现ImportantwordsIdidn’thesitateforamomentabouttakingthejob.我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。don’thesitatetodosth（毫无顾虑）尽管去做某事Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasedon’thesitatetofindme.如果你有任何问题，请尽管告诉我。2.hesitatev犹豫；迟疑hesitationn

犹豫，迟疑withouthesitation毫不犹豫地Heacceptedmyofferwithouthesitation.他毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。3.flourishv

繁荣;昌盛;兴旺Theseplantsflourishinadampclimate.这些植物在潮湿条件下长势茂盛。Fewbusinessesareflourishinginthepresenteconomicclimate.在目前的经济环境下，很少有企业兴旺发达。Ifyouarealwayslendingahelpinghand,youwillsomedaygetsomethingasareward.如果你总是帮助别人，某天你可能会得到一些奖励。

4.rewardn

奖励；回报；报酬Importantphases1commitacrime2takeover3beresponsiblefor4havenochoicebuttodosth5underconstruction6figureout7fitinwith8getatastefor9distinguishbetweenAandB10amountto11getabetterunderstandingof犯罪接管弄清楚在建设中为……负责别无选择只能做某事适应在A和B之间区分品尝占……比；总计更好地理解Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.(P62)Importantsentences

Whenthegreedythieffoundthewindowofthecarwasopen,hedidwhathewantedwithoutdelay/immediately.Paraphrase1:spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen和oncealmostunheardof分别是现在分词结构和过去分词结构，均在句中作状语。

OncescenessuchasthisoneinCapeTownwereveryrare,butnowtheyarecommonallovertheworld.Paraphrase2:2.Oncealmostunheardof,sceneslikethisoneinCapeTownarenowcommonallovertheworld.(P62)如何辨别什么时候用现在分词还是过去分词作状语？关键就是看句子主语是该（非谓语动词）动作的施动者，还是该动作的承受者。非谓语动词作状语Enteringtheroom,hefoundJerrywasseatedatthedesk.主语Jerry和enter是主动关系，故用entering。Surroundedbyagarden,thishouseenjoysfreshairalmostallthetime.主语thishouse和surround是被动关系，故用surrounded。________(stand)atthetopofthemountain,heenjoyedagrand

sightofthecity.2)_____(see)fromtheabove,thishouselooksverysmall.3)_______(enjoy)awonderfulsightofthecity,hegoestothetopofthemountain.StandingSeenToenjoy主语he是动作stand的施动者主语thishouse是动作see的承受者此处用toenjoy表示目的非谓语动词作状语3.WithfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,itisalmostasifourcitiesarebeingtakenoverbywildanimals.(P62)Importantsentences

TherearefoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,asifthesewildanimalsarereplacingushumanbeingsinourcities.Paraphrase:withfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong为with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾语补足语，该结构在句子中一般表示原因、伴随、条件等成分。本课中还有以下用到该结构的句子：Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.with的复合结构（1）with+宾语（sb/sth)+doing（注：当宾语和宾补动作是主动关系时，

可以用doing作宾补成分）

WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglish,Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.此句中，宾语people和宾补communicate是主动关系，故宾补用现在

分词communicating的形式。（2）with+宾语+done（注：当宾语和宾补是被动关系时，可以用done作

宾补成分）Shestoodwithherarmscrossed,staringoutthewindow.此句中，宾语herarms和宾补cross是被动关系，故宾补用过去分词crossed的形式。有那么多人用英语交流，英语正在变得越来越重要。她双臂交叉站着，眼睛盯着窗外。with的复合结构（3）with+宾语+动词不定式（注：当宾补的动作在将来发生时，

可用todo作宾补成分）

Withagreatmanyclothestowash,Ican’tgooutnow.此句中，衣服是将来要洗，我们可以用动词不定式作宾补，故

用towash的形式。有好多衣服要洗，我现在没法出去。with的复合结构（4）with+宾语+形容词

嘴里有东西的时候不应该说话。 Youshouldn’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.（5）with+宾语+副词

他低着头站在妈妈面前。 Hestoodinfrontofhismotherwithhisheaddown.（6）with+宾语+介词短语

露西眼含泪水跑开了。 Lucyranawaywithtearsinhereyes.4.Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.(P63)Importantsentences

Wecanexpecttoshareoururbanhabitatsharmoniouslyonlyatthattime.Paraphrase:此句中，only放在句首修饰状语时，主句采用部分倒装的形式。具体形式是：only+状语+助动词+主语+谓语动词+……Importantsentences1)only+副词+助动词+主语+谓语动词Onlythenwillyouknowtheoutcome.只有到那个时候你才知道后果。2)only+介词短语+助动词+主语+谓语动词Onlyinthiswaycanyourealiseyourdreams.只有用这种方式，你才能实现你的梦想。3)only+状语从句+助动词+主语+谓语动词Onlywhenyouarefocusedonthethingscanyouachieveahighlevelofefficiency.只有当你专心做事的时候，才能实现高效率。1)他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.2)只有你的身份通过验证，你才能够进去。Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeencheckedwillyoubeallowedin.翻译：5.Althoughnaturallyactiveatnight,urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.(P63)Importants