名词数词课件高考英语二轮复习

名词、数词Step1SpeechStep2LearningObjectivesLearningObjectives1.Toknowtheusageofnoun.andnum.;2.Toimprovetheabilitytosolvetheproblemaboutthem.Step3Lead-in[高考感悟]arrivalinterviewswonders[高考感悟]4.（2023全国甲卷）Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe__________(six)century,B.C.5.（2023全国甲卷）However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.6.（2023浙江1月）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryasthecapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric__________(event).sixthwarningeventsStep4Explanation[考点一]可数名词及单复数名词1.不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：foot—feet脚

goose—geese鹅tooth—teeth牙齿

mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人

woman—women女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊

deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人

Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法

series—series系列species—species物种

crossroads—crossroads十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children孩子

ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen绅士

Englishman—Englishmen英国男子policeman—policemen男警察

chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人

craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German，human的复数形式为Germans，humans。(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析

basis—bases基础crisis—crises危机

thesis—theses论文medium—media媒介物

phenomenon—phenomena现象criterion-criteria标准；准则2.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日

blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves书架

gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bookworm—bookworms

son-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-on

passer-by—passers-by

story-teller—story-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grown-up—grown-ups

standby—standbys(4)“man/woman＋名词”构成的合成词变复数时，man/woman和名词均变为复数。womensingers女歌手

menservants男仆人(5)常以复数形式出现的名词有thanks，congratulations，wishes，greetings，shoes，trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，instructions(指导；用法说明)，times(时代)等。(6)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有taketurnstodosth，inhighspirits，makefriendswith，shakehandswith，makepreparationsfor，make(both)endsmeet，takepainstodo等。1.不可数名词不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的有：[考点二]不可数名词2.抽象名词与a(n)连用时，淡化了抽象概念，转化为具体的动作、行为或类别。AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.3.有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡threecoffees三杯咖啡；somedrink一些饮料adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发glass玻璃，aglass一个玻璃杯。[考点三]专有名词[考点四]名词所有格3.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’sandMary’srooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(医生的)诊所里

atthebarber’s(shop)在理发店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家Step5Exercise（Part1）高考真题练1.

TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.

(2022新高考Ⅰ)2.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteen-

vironmental

(protect).

(2022全国甲)3.

Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

(2022全国乙)4.

Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou

howtinywe

(human)are.

(2021新高考Ⅰ)populationsprotectionresponsibilityhumans高考真题练5.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.(2021全国甲)6.Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

(2020新高考Ⅰ)7.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliar

nearside.

(2020全国Ⅰ)8.Filledwith

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020全国Ⅲ)watchtowersaccuracyinterestcuriosity数词[考点]基数词和叙述词1.易错基数词thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十

thirty三十

forty四十

fifty五十

ninety九十2.易错序数词first第一

second第二third第三

fourth第四

fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九

eleventh第十一twelfth第十二3.序数词的使用(1)序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.(2)序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?Ihadafourthapple.(3)有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。Hecameoutfirstinthecontest.Step5Exercise（Part2）1.Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis__________(thirteen)birthday.2.Two______(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneyland.3.Linda，therearetoomanymistakesinthe_______(nine)lineofyourpassage.4.Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis_________(twenty).5.Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft__________(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.thirteenththirdsninthtwentiesthousands对点练习1.Withouta_______(two)thought，heagreedtojointheclub.2.30%