2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷98含答案解析

2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1.单选题

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

问题1选项

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical现实的,实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示,建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Ihopeyouarenot（）thatIobtainedthismoneydishonestly.

问题1选项

A.implying

B.involving

C.deducing

D.denoting

【答案】A

【解析】Implying暗示,

隐含；involving涉及,

包括；deducing推测；denoting指示,

表示。句意：我希望你不是在暗示我是通过不正当的手段获得这笔钱的。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

问题1选项

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。invariable不变的,

始终如一的；investigative调查研究的；invalid无效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：说到案件的真相,

他始终如一的回答是“无可奉告”。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Itriedto（）ahintbutyoudidn'tnotice.

问题1选项

A.suggest

B.drop

C.nod

D.let

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配题。dropahint意为暗示。句意：我试着暗示你,

但你没注意到。

5.单选题

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith(1875-1948).BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910,hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byjuxtaposingimagesandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowsuchastory,Griffithpersistedandexperimentedaswellwithotherelementswhichhavebecomestandardeversince.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema'slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlymoviesincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentofsocialissues.Ashissuccessmounted,hisambitionsgrew.Whenhemadeanewmoviein1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Oneofhismoviesreachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Griffith’sintroductionoftheAmerican-mademulti-reelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

2.TheauthorsuggeststhatGriffith’sfilminnovationshadadirecteffectonallofthefollowingexcept（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas（）

4.ItcanbeinferredthatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardphotographyinthecinemabeforeGriffithcanbebestdescribedas（）

问题1选项

A.discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofcinema

B.describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbacksandothereditinginnovations

C.documentGriffith'simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms

D.deplorethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheGriffith

问题2选项

A.filmediting

B.scenecomposing

C.camerawork

D.soundediting

问题3选项

A.15minutesorless

B.between30and45minutes

C.between15and30minutes

D.onehourormore

问题4选项

A.Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.

B.Themostimportantelementcontributingtoafilm’ssuccessistheabilityoftheactors.

C.Thecamerashouldbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.

D.Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhumanproblems.

问题5选项

A.sympathetic

B.indifferent

C.nostalgic

D.condescending

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者意图题。文章第一段第一句就提到“Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith.”电影艺术的成熟是DavidW.Griffith的个人成就,接下来全文主要讲Griffith对电影事业的发展做出的贡献,也就是讲述其重要性。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。文章第一段主要讲述了拍摄技巧上的创新,顺便也提到了场景组合,所以选项B、C正确；第二段主要讲述了视频剪辑的创新,所以选项A也正确,第三段提到的是电影语言而不是声音的处理,所以选项D不正确。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段后半部分的内容：1911年,Griffith拍摄了一部新电影,他坚持认为一个重要的主题不能用当时传统的一卷胶卷的长度来处理。所以这部电影达到了前所未有的四卷,即一小时的放映时间。格里菲斯引进的美国制作的多卷电影开始了一场巨大的革命。由此推断,1910年以前,电影正常放映的时间是一个胶卷的时间,4个胶卷为1个小时,所以1个胶卷的时间为15分钟,选项A正确。

4.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有合理的论据；文中没有涉及到演员对电影的重要性,所以选项B错误；

选项D电影应该强调对人类基本问题的严肃而冷静的审视,在文中也没有相关论据可以证明,所以错误。

选项C摄影应该被认为是电影创作中不可或缺的积极因素,符合原文。

5.观点态度题。sympathetic同情的；indifferent漠不关心的；nostalgic怀旧的；condescending谦逊的。根据第一段的第二句“BeforeGriffith,photography...”作者只是很平淡的讲述这一事实,没有任何带感情色彩的褒义或者贬义词,所以作者的态度是谦逊的,选项D正确。

6.单选题

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

问题2选项

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

问题3选项

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

问题4选项

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

问题5选项

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义,所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。

2.语义题。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,湿度。根据原文可知,这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的伤痛,只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。

4.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解,也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词,再结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。

7.单选题

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考査连词。provided假如,

倘若；unless除非,

如果不；though虽然,

尽管；until直到。句意：如果你不介意做晚上的火车的话，你可以提前抵达北京开会。选项A符合句意。

8.翻译题

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.

【答案】“智力”充其量只是一个假设性的概念,因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。人们对智力所指的不同表现,比对这些表现如何解释或分类,看法更为一致,但是一般认为智力好的人是能够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数车符号来解决问题的人。智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童的学习能力,尤其是学习学校所要求的不同知识的能力。智力测验并不测定人的品格、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才能。批评智力测试不反映上述情况,就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们就必须确保在对我们的对象迸行比较时,我们所使用尺度能提供“有效的”；或“公平的”比较。

9.单选题

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

问题1选项

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

问题2选项

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

问题3选项

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

问题4选项

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

问题5选项

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100万年左右，人口迅速增长，伴随着工具制造的创新和工具的使用。选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增长大约始于一万年前，那时人们开始放牧、犁地和种地。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”当最初的生产力增长再次被吸收后，人口增长率又降低了。由此推断，人口的增长和生产力的提高有关，选项B正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技术创新开始减少，当前人口的快速增长也可能放缓。选项C符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”选项A与原文相符。

10.单选题

Thereisnotverymuchexperimentaldata

adecisionbetweenthetwopossibilities.

问题1选项

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichbebaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon/upon表示基于，介词应改放在which的前面，所以只有选项C正确。

11.单选题

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

问题1选项

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析题。Seeingthat鉴于,

由于因为；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

条件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考虑到,

就...而论。句意：即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,

这也不意味着他就要去买,

这对他来说是常事。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Shetriedtohidehergrief,butshewas（）tears.

问题1选项

A.onthevergeof

B.enthusiasticabout

C.onthelookoutfor

D.gluedto

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。onthevergeof

濒临于、接近于；enthusiasticabout热衷于；onthelookoutfor留意、物色；gluedto不愿离开，盯住不放。句意：她试图掩饰她的悲伤，但她几乎要哭了。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Thepeoplewereannoyedbythe（）supplyofelectricityandwaterinsummer.

问题1选项

A.insufficient

B.integral

C.inferior

D.indispensable

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等级低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人们对夏天水电供应不足感到烦恼。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析。densely浓密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、热情地；abundantly丰富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。

15.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononANSWERSHEETII.

Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvacation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.

【答案】也可以说,那些理性的、勤勉的、有价值的人们可分为两类。一类,他们的工作就是工作,娱乐就是娱乐；而另一类,他们的工作即娱乐。大多数人属于前者,他们得到了相应的补偿。长时间在办公室或工厂里的工作,回报给他们的不仅是维持了生计,还有一种强烈的对娱乐的需求,哪怕是最简单的、最朴实的娱乐。