高考英语一轮高考题组训练专题十六信息还原题

专题十六信息还原题Passage1(2016北京)TheScienceofRiskSeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.1Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.

Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risktakerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.2Asthequalityofrisktakingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.

Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisktakingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstayinthecavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.3

Nomatterwhereyouareontheriskseekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.4Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

5Fortheriskseekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.

Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofriskseeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewellequippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.Passage2(2015北京)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.1Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.

Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.2Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?

Sohowcanyoueupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.3Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.

It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.4

Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.5

Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelativity,CokeorPostitnotes.D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforselfcontrolthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.Passage3(2014北京)EvaluatingSources(来源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.1

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.2

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoute;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.3Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.

Useyourmonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.4Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).

5Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.

Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefrommonsources.Passage4(2013北京)UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.2Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(迁徙)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.3

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninetyfivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.5Today,insteadofneedingninetyfivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednonfarmers.

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.Passage5(2012北京)EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.1Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.

JenniferFreed,acodirectorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,peting,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.2

Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.3Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighselfrespect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.

Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytoppaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.4“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional(情感的)intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,”shesays.

What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ(情商)?Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.5

Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.C.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,”Freedsays.D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.F.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyousucceedinmanyareasoflife.G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.答案精解精析高考题组训练Passage1[语篇解读]本文为议论文。文章就寻求风险展开了议论。1.F上句提到值得冒险,而下句说有一些活动让一些人感到享受,却让另一些人害怕,故此处是说衡量风险和回报的标准不同,所以选F项。2.C上句提到冒险者更擅长捕猎等。C项中的Beingbetterat是上句中的werebetterat的复现,故选C项。3.A由本段可知人类形成了各种各样的性格类型。你或者喜欢某项冒险活动或者不喜欢。这都是取决于你的性格特点的。最后一句总结本段,得出主旨。4.E上句提到:对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。设空处应该是对青少年时期的说明,故选E项。5.G由下句中的apartofthebrain可知选G。[长难句]Fortheriskseekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.对于风险寻找者来说,大脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃起来,而对于我们当中剩下的人来说,大脑中与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃起来。本句为由表示对比的连词while连接的并列句,两个分句中的relatedtopleasure和relatedtofear都是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰apartofthebrain。Passage2[语篇解读]文章介绍了做白日梦的人有时健忘、笨拙,但是伟大的思想和成就是和白日梦分不开的。1.B由前句和后句可知该句在描述做白日梦的人的情况。故选B项。2.C由前句的表述可知人类历史上一些伟大的想法和辉煌的成就是由那些爱做白日梦的人带来的。C项中的relativity(相对论),Coke和Postitnotes是列举的一些伟大想法和成就,故C项符合此处语境。3.A由前文可知本段在讲述如何做巧妙的白日梦,故选A项。4.E第五段叙述了在人们需要集中注意力时,如何避免做白日梦。由E项中的关键词attentive(专注的)可知选E项。5.G文章第六段第一句与G项为因果关系。Passage3[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为科普知识。作者针对如何识别正确的健康信息提供了一些建议。1.G根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议,因此本空引出了下文的多个建议,故选择G项。2.D根据第二段的第一句“Gototheoriginalsource.”可以看出D选项“Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.”与第二段内容匹配。3.F