42-环境科学与工程专业英语第一章-unit26

环境科学与工程专业英语SpecializedEnglishforenvironmentalscienceandengineering化学化工学院贺薇PART1INTRODUCTIONTOENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCEANDENGINEERINGUnit26GlobalchangeQuestion:

1)Canyoulistsomeseriousenvironmentalproblems?2)Whatarethecausesoftheenvironmentalproblems?3）Howcanwecontroltheenvironmentalproblems?BackgroundIntroductionAirPollutionWaterPollutionGreenhouseGases:carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,HFCs（Hydrofluorocarbons）,PFCs（perfluorochemicals）,……

IceMeltingForestDestruction

DroughtExplosivePopulationGrowth

GlobalEnvironmentalIssues全球环境问题全球环境问题problems原因reasonsglobalwarmingtheexcessemissionofcarbondioxidedepletionoftheozonelayerchlorofluorocarbonacidrain

burningfossilfuelsDecreaseinVariationofLivingCreatureshumanactivities

globalchange

全球变化deforestation

[di:,fɔri'steiʃən]n.砍伐树木，除去森林desertification[diˌzɜ:tifiˈkeiʃn]n.沙漠化overharvestingn.过渡砍伐arid

[ˈærid]]n.干旱，缺水overfishing

[ˌəuvə‘fiʃiŋ]过渡捕捞overdevelopment

过度开发biodiversity

[dai'ɔksaid]生物多样性WordsandPhrases:Incontrasttothosehumanactivitiesthathavestrictlylocaleffects,globalchange

isthetermusedtodescribetheeffectsofhumanactivitesontheglobalenvironment.Majorglobalchangeissuesarelistedintable1.Text和那些具有严格的区域性影响的人类活动相反，全球变化这一术语用于描述人类活动对全球环境的影响。Themainchangeeventsdiscussedinthefollowingsection,includeatmosphericwarmingandclimatechange,causedbyemissionofgreenhousegases;deforestation,causedbyoverharvestingoftimberandclearingofforestsforagriculture;desertification,causedprimarilybyovergrazingofaridandsemi-aridshrublandsandgrasslands;depletionofpelagic(openocean)marinespeciesbyoverfishing;anddegradationofcoastalecosystems,causedbydischargeofpollutantsandoverdevelopmentofshorelines.后面部分讨论的主要环境变化事件包括：温室气体排放造成的大气变暖和气候改变;过度砍伐林木和毁林开荒造成的采伐森林；在干旱和半干旱的灌木地和草地过度放牧造成的沙漠化；过度捕捞造成的深海物种的锐减；以及污染物排放和海岸过度开发导致沿海生态系统的退化。Heat-trapping

gasesemittedbyfossilfuelburningisincreasingthetemperature,withnumerouspotentiallynegativeimpactsonecosystemsandhumanwelfare.Text化石燃料燃烧所释放的能捕获热量的气体正在增加温度，这对生态系统和人类福利都有许多潜在的负面影响。5TheGreenhouseEffectandClimateChangeOzoneproducedatgroundlevelfrompollutantsemittedbycars，powerplants，and

industrialprocessescauseslung

diseaseinhumananddamagesplants.Text汽车，发电站和工业过程释放的污染物所产生的地平面的臭氧会造成肺部疾病并损害植物。6LowerAtmosphereOzoneEnrichmentChlorofluorocarbons（CFCs）injectedintotheatmospherefromaerosolspraycansandairconditionershaveloweredozonelevels,allowingdamagingultravioletlighttopenetratetotheearthsurface.Text从喷雾剂的喷射罐和空调排放到大气中的氟氯烃已经减少了臭氧水平，使得有害的紫外线得以穿透到地球表面。8UpperAtmosphereOzoneDepletionTheatmospherecontainstracegasesthatefficientlyabsorboutgoinglongwavelength,infraredradiation,andthatthereforecontributegreatlytowarmingtheatmosphere.Themostimportantoftheseisawatervapor,followedbycarbondioxide,methane,andnitrousoxide.Theseheat-trappingmoleculesarecalledgreenhousegasesandoccurnaturally.Text大气中含有能有效吸收向往发射的长波近红外辐射的痕量气体，因此能显著导致空气变热。最重要的这类气体是水蒸汽，还有二氧化碳，甲烷和一氧化二氮。这些捕获热量的分子被称为温室气体并能自然产生。HomeworkEnvironmentalProblems:

SomeofthelargestproblemsnowaffectingtheworldareAcidRain(AcidDepositions),AirPollution,GlobalWarming,HazardousWaste,OzoneDepletion,WaterPollution,Overpopulation,LossofBiodiversity（DecreaseinVariationofLivingCreatures),Desertification,EnergyCrisis,ResourseDepletionandForestDestruction.Duetodeforestation，air/ocean/lake/river/marshpollutioncausedbychemicalcompounds，globalwarmingcausedbytheexcessemissionofcarbondioxidefromtheautomobile，depletionoftheozonelayercausedbychlorofluorocarbon，po